Combating Desertification in Thailand

Combating Desertification in Thailand

K. Thongpan & W. WaramitFocal Point Office of Thailand

to UNCCD

International Conference on Combating DesertificationBeijing, China23 Jan. 2008

K. Thongpan & W. WaramitFocal Point Office of Thailand

to UNCCD

International Conference on Combating DesertificationBeijing, China23 Jan. 2008

CausesCauses of Land Degradationof Land Degradation-- climate variation:climate variation: droughtdrought

-- deforestation: deforestation: vegetation loss & soil vegetation loss & soil erosionerosion

-- over exploit of over exploit of landland::degradationdegradation && salinizationsalinization

-- poor/no irrigation:poor/no irrigation: lacking of waterlacking of water

5 Approaches for 5 Approaches for CombatingCombating DeDesertificasertificationtion1.1. Weather forecast &Weather forecast & early early wwarningarning2. Water resource development/management2. Water resource development/management3. Reforestation/3. Reforestation/afforestationafforestation

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4. Land rehabilitation/soil improvement4. Land rehabilitation/soil improvement5. Soil and water conservation5. Soil and water conservation

4 Principles to combat land degradation4 Principles to combat land degradation1.1. Incorporating with 3 Major Sectors (sources of income) Incorporating with 3 Major Sectors (sources of income)

-- agriculture (food)agriculture (food)-- tourismtourism-- energyenergy

2.2. Responding to public concernsResponding to public concerns-- protecting environmentprotecting environment-- food safety and securityfood safety and security-- mitigating crisismitigating crisis

3. Focusing on least barrier/higher incentive 3. Focusing on least barrier/higher incentive -- affordable technologyaffordable technology-- easy to manipulateeasy to manipulate-- cost sharing/mitigating barriers cost sharing/mitigating barriers -- new and more income opportunitiesnew and more income opportunities-- mitigating riskmitigating risk

4. 4. Operating with stakeholder participationOperating with stakeholder participation

IncoporatingIncoporating with Agriculturewith Agriculture( food and ( food and tourismtourism ))

Incorporating with energyIncorporating with energy(mitigating crisis and new income opportunity)(mitigating crisis and new income opportunity)

Oil palm for BioOil palm for Bio--dieseldiesel

Responding to public concernsResponding to public concerns

Requests Requests of farmersof farmers

Soil Soil improvemenimprovemen

tt

Green Green manualmanual

Conservation Conservation systemsystem

Small scale Small scale water water

resourceresourceVetivergrass

Farm pondFarm pond

LDD LDD activating activating

agents 1agents 1--1010

Organic Organic fertilizer fertilizer

plantplant

Areas of ExtensionAreas of Extension

Protecting environmentProtecting environment

มหาสารคาม

Stump Plough campaignStump Plough campaign

Food safety & securityFood safety & security

BioBio--technology Institutetechnology Institute

BioBio--technology productstechnology products

Setting Measures and GoalsSetting Measures and Goals

Organic Farming Organic Farming ProjectProject 20082008

-- establish 17,000 organic farming groups of 850,000 farmers establish 17,000 organic farming groups of 850,000 farmers in 2.7 hectare arable land in 2.7 hectare arable land

-- provide training, extension & demonstration of provide training, extension & demonstration of organic farming technologies organic farming technologies

-- 25% of which will 25% of which will reduce utilizing chemical reduce utilizing chemical fertfert., ., pesticide & insecticidepesticide & insecticide

Green manureGreen manure

Affordable & easy to ManipulateAffordable & easy to Manipulate

Cost sharingCost sharing

Provision of farm pondProvision of farm pond

Diversified organic farmingDiversified organic farming

Mitigating riskMitigating risk

Self Sufficiency Philosophy: Self Sufficiency Philosophy: new theorynew theory

Operating with stakeholder Operating with stakeholder participationparticipation

-- Land Development CommitteeLand Development Committee-- SubSub--district Administration Committeedistrict Administration Committee-- Volunteer Soil DoctorsVolunteer Soil Doctors

Volunteer Soil DoctorsVolunteer Soil Doctors

Stripe of leguminous plant with cornStripe of leguminous plant with corn

Green manure cropGreen manure crop Straw covering for keeping moisture

Compost making demonstrationCompost making demonstration

VetiverVetiver grass along contour linegrass along contour line VetiverVetiver grass for keeping moisturegrass for keeping moisture

Compost from LDD1 microbial Compost from LDD1 microbial activatoractivator

Liquid organic fertilizer from Liquid organic fertilizer from LDD2 mLDD2 microbial activatoricrobial activator

Learning centre for organic Learning centre for organic fertilizer manufacturingfertilizer manufacturing

Compost learning centreCompost learning centre

Compost for sugar Compost for sugar canecane

Compost for orchardCompost for orchard

Pile of compostPile of compost Shading compostShading compost

Vetiver grasslearning centre

For soil and water conservationFor soil and water conservation Bank protectionBank protection

Reproduction plotReproduction plot

Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer learning centrelearning centre

Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with orchardwith orchard

Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with sugar canewith sugar cane

Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with fish farmwith fish farm

Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with poultry farmwith poultry farm

Land covering learning centreLand covering learning centre

Learning centre for paddy field reformationLearning centre for paddy field reformation

BundBund

Wind brakeWind brake

Development of Soil Conservation TechnologyDevelopment of Soil Conservation Technology Public water resource protectionPublic water resource protection

People People ParticipationParticipation

soil and water conservation with soil and water conservation with teak interteak inter--croppingcropping

Land Development VillageLand Development Village

Watershed management approachWatershed management approach

Enhancement of measures & toolsEnhancement of measures & tools

•• Old Land Development Act 1993Old Land Development Act 1993•• New Land Development Act 2007New Land Development Act 2007•• Proclamation of Proclamation of Land Development zonesLand Development zones•• Introducing Integrated Introducing Integrated programmeprogramme

Successful casesSuccessful cases

Best Volunteer Soil DoctorsBest Volunteer Soil Doctors

Achieve 60 ton/hectareAchieve 60 ton/hectarecomparing to the average 16 ton/hectarecomparing to the average 16 ton/hectare

Kao Cha Kao Cha NgumNgum Land Rehabilitation Project Land Rehabilitation Project of His Majesty King of His Majesty King BhumipolBhumipol InnitiativeInnitiative

19861986 PresentPresent

Ban Ban BuaBua KokKok Learning CentreLearning Centrefor organic farmingfor organic farming