Desertification combating in China - Governmental efforts and technical transfer

National Bureau to Combat DesertificationState Forestry Administration, ChinaXiaoxia_jia@yahoo.com

. Desertification in China

. Governmental efforts III. Technical transfer

2004

Desertification Distribution in China

The total area of desertification is 2.62.37 million km2

, taking up 27% of the territory, located in 498 counties of 18 provinces. (SFA 2010)

The change of the average degree index of land desertification

year 1999 2004 2009

average degree index of land desertification 2.04227 1.8834579 1.849336

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

1 2 3

1999 2004 2009 year

degree index

The average degree of desertification in China is decreasing since 1999.

Third round national desertification monitoring

Annual Average Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) in China in 20Annual Average Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) in China in 20thth

Century and recent 10years Century and recent 10years

Governmental efforts Basic principles

Integrated desertification combating into State social and economic development plan

Taking action based on laws,

Applying scientific based approaches

Integrated management and cross-department cooperation ,

Governmental efforts supported by social mobilization and all stakeholders participation

Strengthen Scientific support to provide basis of national Programming

Monitoring and assessment system

Dissemination of best practices

Compilation of best practices Compilation of best practices

Expert consultation for scientific decision-making

49 cases were collected from 10 provinces and compiled as a book

covering 10 subcategories and 5 categories of techniques

including sand dune fixation, re- vegetation, soil erosion control, agro-forestry and utilization of natural resources

Financed jointly by GEF-China and GEF-LADA project

Sand barriers and windbreaks

Selection of indigenous species

Full Cover Separate cover

Belt cover Full cover

Fiber bag mulching tree planting

Run-off Interception Aerial seeding

Desert vegetation processing and utilization industry development()

Implement effective protective measures and leave abundant room for self-restoration of the ecosystemImplemented well designed projects to increase forest and grass coverage Put in place a benefit driven system to mobilize the active participation of the whole society

Implemented well designed projects to increase forest and grass coverage

Program of Sand and Wind Source Areas Affecting Beijing and Tianjin

Governmental invested key projects for ecological improvement

Three North Forest Shelterbelt program

Natural forest protection program

Central Government budget invest Local governments implementation Farmers participationLow input

Law framework based regulatory measures Law framework based regulatory measures to control unsustainable land use to control unsustainable land use

National Laws

Law on combating desertification

Law of forest

Law on land management

Law of grassland

Law of water

Law on environmental impacts evaluation

Law on water &soil conservation

Law on environmental impacts evaluation

Law on property right

Law on property right..

Regulatory policy to regulate un sustainable economic practices:

Restriction on over cutting, over grazing Grassland ecological protection and construction. Water utilization and water saving policy Environmental impact evaluation system

Put in place a benefit driven system to Put in place a benefit driven system to mobilize the active participation of the whole mobilize the active participation of the whole societysociety

Governmental payment and provision of ecological good (PES, Forest ES, GrassES) Ecological improvement project, Land use Transition, Forest management,

Market system for Forest ecological payment

Market based sustainable commercial forest management

Collective forest property right reform 70years land use right,

Logging permission for sustainable use

By incentive policy driving

Private investment

2007Premier Wen Jiabao met with working models in

Farmers participation

Government payment Compensation and subsidies to farmers

Grain for GreenDuration 8years+ afforestation,25provinces

Soil erosion &flood

Cropping easement slope land and sandy land at the Yellow river basin and Yangtz River basin

Reforestation: Plantation structure: 7:3 (ecological: economical)

Compensate loss of farmers

Grain compensation: 2150kg/ha/year Yangtz River 1500kg/ha/year Yellow River

Cash subsidies :750yuan/ha/year

Cash for seedlings: 750yuan/ha/year

Second phase: the second 8-year, all cash payment

Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation FundDuration 10years+ management

Improving forest ecosystem services Water heads, natural reserves and post afforestation management

Forest protection and managementRefforestation, tending, fire, pest disease

Compensation to input of organization, collectives, individual farmers

Cash payment: 75yuan/ha/year

Xu,et al 2006. Liu, et al 2006.

Sustainable management of commercial forest

Targeting: Commercial forest (70% commercial : 30% ecological in southern China)

sustainable forest management SFM (local) Vs SFM (Int.)

Objectives: sustainable development of timber and wood production not compromising ecological security, improving income of local forest farmers

Collective forest property right reform

Empowerment and return forest property right to farmers Land use right 70 years Forest property right

ownership, management, gaining profit

Logging permission system reformLogging quota application Sustainable forest management program

based on year of tree +market demand

Timber procurement by forestry department--- market based

Services provided to individual farmers in land transfer, pest and disease control

Loan and credit support for forest farmers

Establish mechanism that combine incentives with Establish mechanism that combine incentives with accountability and heighten the sense of accountability and heighten the sense of responsibility of all Levels of Local governmentsresponsibility of all Levels of Local governments

Agreement between provincial and central government on annual target of the land degradation control.

Reporting and evaluation and assessment of the performance and effectiveness of provincial governments.

Linking desertification control with leading governors official term evaluation.

Punishment and reward.

Agreements conclude between central and provincial governments, to whom liable would be placed if they fail to accomplish the task of combating desertification.

Ensure Coordination among various departments and full participation of the Whole society in the fight against desertification.

CCICCD 19 ministries State Forestry AdministrationMinistry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance National development and reform commission Ministry of agriculture Ministry of water resources Ministry of environmental proetection State council leading office for poverty alleviationMinistry of science and technology .

IV. Improvements made IV. Improvements made

Ecological improvement

Diverse income generation

Capacity building

Awareness raising

Ecological condition improved

20%

After desertification CombatingIn the course of management

Before desertification Combating

20% Increase of Forest-Grass Coverage

Take Beijing and Tianjin Sand Wind source control project for instance, it makes a completion of total 5.76 million hectares of forestry management, forest coverage rate increased from 12.4% in the beginning to the current 17.1%;

"Three North" Shelterbelt achieve the accomplishment

of 24.67 million hectare forest conservation areas, forest coverage rate has seen an mount up from 5.05 percent in 1977 to the present 10.51%.

2011-10-17 29

Livelihood improvement and income generation

Rural poverty population decreased at an annual rate of 6.8%.

2011-10-17 30

Capacity building

2011-10-17 31

Awareness raising

V. Technical transfer

LADA project Supported Asian workshop on land assessment

Stakeholders meeting and field investigation in Wengniute County

Seminar under China Africa ForumJune 17, 2011 opening seminar for African countries on combating desertification Field trip in Hebei

13countries,33Gover nmental officers 3weeks lectures and field tripPolicy and technical seminar

Opening ceremonyAttended by CCICCD and Mongolian committee to combat desertification

Training workshop hosted by China Forestry Academy under UNEASPEC project on NEA DDS mitigation for Mongolian

1week training Lectures + field tripPolicy and technical courses

Visit waste water Treatment Plant

Experiencing Mongolian culture ecotourism

Bilateral training similar natural condition Focus on common issues , Base for piloting project

Losing sessionAward of certificate

Thank you.

Desertification combating in China - Governmental efforts and technical transferSlide Number 2Desertification Distribution in China The change of the average degree index of land desertificationSlide Number 5Annual Average Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) in China in 20th Century and recent 10years Governmental efforts Basic principlesStrengthen Scientific support to provide basis of national ProgrammingSlide Number 10Sand barriers and windbreaks Selection of indigenous species Slide Number 13Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Put in place a benefit driven system to mobilize the active participation of the whole societyBy incentive policy drivingGovernment paymentCompensation and subsidies to farmers Sustainable management of commercial forestEstablish mechanism that combine incentives with accountability and heighten the sense of responsibility of all Levels of Local governmentsSlide Number 25IV. Improvements made Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Livelihood improvement and income generation Capacity buildingAwareness raising V. Technical transferSeminar under China Africa ForumSlide Number 34Slide Number 35Bilateral training similar natural conditionFocus on common issues ,Base for piloting project Thank you.