Colonoscopy

What is Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is an examination to inspect the inner lining of the large bowel (rectum and colon) using a flexible tube with a camera at its tip. It is inserted via the anus and gently guided to the start of the large bowel (caecum)

During colonoscopy, carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the bowel to allow a safe passage of the colonoscope through the bowel. If an abnormality is encountered a tissue biopsy can be taken through the colonoscope and sent for histological examination. If polyps are found, these small growths of the bowel lining can be removed with either cautery (hot biopsy) or a wire loop device (snare).

During colonoscopy, carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the bowel to allow a safe passage of the colonoscope through the bowel. If an abnormality is encountered a tissue biopsy can be taken through the colonoscope and sent for histological examination. If polyps are found, these small growths of the bowel lining can be removed with either cautery (hot biopsy) or a wire loop device (snare).

This allows tissue to be retrieved and sent for histological examination. Early detection and removal of polyps protects from developing colorectal cancer

During colonoscopy, patient will lie on their l back or left side.Patient is continously montiored for heart beat(rhythm) and blood pressure and oxygen in the blood. Medications are given through a intravenous line so the patient feel relaxed. After tip of the colon or last portion of the small intestine is reached, the colonoscope is withdrawn slowly, and the colon lining is carefully examined.

Preparing for Colonoscopy

For the treatment of Colonoscopy, preparation is required prior the test to empty the bowel of its content. Failure to do this may result in an incomplete or inadequate examination and the need to repeat the procedure. The preparation involves drinking a “bowel prep” solution which has a laxative effect.

Procedure.

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications. The most significant risk of this is a perforation of the bowel. The risk of this is approximately 1 in 1000. If a biopsy or polypectomy is performed the risk of bleeding from this is about 3 in 1000. In addition, although this is the best test for detection of cancer there is a small risk of missing a small cancer. The risks and benefits of colonoscopy should be discussed in detail with your doctor prior to proceeding with the test.

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