Colonial America

Respectfully Submitted

C. Stephen Ingraham

Social Studies Block # ___ Name __________________Mrs. Castagna & Mr. Ingraham Date ___________

Colonization Table of Contents1. Vocabulary Terms2. New Spain3. New France & New Netherlands

English Colonization Song The Unknown calls / and the English comeLooking for gold / in Roanoake & Jamestown.The new world offers / separatists who comeeconomic opportunities / and religious freedom.

But in New England the climate’s very hardPoor soil, and subsistence farms (it’s very cold)and the Puritans are no fun to be around(Let’s go) follow Thomas HookerTo form ConnecticutOr Roger Williams to Rhode Islandfor tolerance for Catholics, Protestants & Jews.

At New Netherlands / English warships make the scene and the Dutch agree / so New York it becomes Lord Berkerly & George Carteret / now own New JerseyAnd Quaker William Penn / founds Pennsylvania.

Delaware elects its own assembly from Pennsylvania it is free (cash crop you know)

growing rye, wheat, and barley(you know) a breadbasket is the middle coloniesbut, in the South tobacco’s growingIn Virginia’s large plantationsAfrican slavery’s now the thing

sun g to “ Th e N

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English Colonization Song Continued Further south / more settlers comeOn the swampy / coastal low land.Indigo and rice / Carolinas cash cropsGeorgia’s James Oglethorpe gives / debtors a second chance.

So very different are the English ColoniesThere’s no one reason for settlement (No No No No)In a land were intolerance and economic freedom abounds(Let’s go) follow your dreams,own land, and vote in the assemblyhave a political saythe English King is so very, very far away.

by C. Stephen Ingraham

sun g to “ Th e N

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dven ture s of Pipp i Long stocking ”

Colonial Vocabulary #1Conquistador- Spanish word for “conqueror”Presidio- Spanish fort that housed soldiersMission- religious settlement run by Catholic Priests & Friars in Spanish

coloniesPeninsulare- person sent from Spain to rule the Spanish ColoniesCreole- a person born in the Americas to Spanish parents.Messtizo- person in the Spanish colonies of mixed Spanish & Native

American backgrounds.Ecomienda- right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans in

Spanish Colonies.Plantation- large estate farmed by many workers.Borderland- bufferland between Spanish & English (& French) coloniesNorthwest Passage- waterway through or around North America.coureur de bois- French words meaning “runner of the woods” Charter- legal document giving certain rights to a person or companyBurgess- representative to colonial assembly of VirginiaRepresentative government- where voters elect people to make laws for themReligious freedom- the liberty to practice your religionToleration- willingness to let others practice their own beliefsQuakers- Protestant reformers who settled in Pennsylvania

Colonial Vocabulary #2Compact -contract or agreementPatroon- rich landowner in the Dutch colonies.Proprietary colony- English colonies in which the King gave land to people

in exchange for a yearly payment.Cash crop- surplus of crops sold for money on the world marketBack country- area along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian MountainsSlave code- laws that controlled slave behavior & denied basic rights.Racism- belief that one race is superior to another.Mercantilism- economic theory that a nation’s strength came from building

up its gold supplies and expanding its trade.Import- trade goods brought into the colonies.Export- trade goods sent to markets outside a country.Triangular trade- colonial trade route between New England, Africa, & West

IndiesLegislature - group of people with the power to make laws in the coloniesGentry- highest social class in the 13 English ColoniesIndentured servant- person who signs a contract to work for a certain

length of time in exchange for passage to the colonies.Public school- school supported by taxes.Apprentice- a person who learns a trade or craft from master craftworker

North America

New Spain

. San Francisco

. Los Angeles

. San Diego. Natchez

St. Augustine .

New Orleans .

Mexico Gulf of Mexico

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Cuba

New SpainI. The Spanish “Laws of the Indies”

1. Three Types of Settlements:a) Pueblos- Towns which are centers of farming & trade. (central plaza lined by shops, homes, & a church) b) Presidios- Spanish Fortsc) Missions- religious settlements (encomienda system)

2. Spanish Social Classes:• Peninsulares- highest class (sent by Spain to rule the colonies)• Creoles- people born of Spanish parents in the Americas.• Mestizos- people born of Spanish & Native American parents• Native Americans / Slaves

3. Borderlands: Lands outside the Spanish colonies, but land claimed bySpain between the claims of the English & French. Sometimes missionswere build in them.

Northwest Passage ExplorersThe European Nations stake claims through their explorers who searched for an

all water route to Asia.Spain:Christopher Columbus 1492 San SalvadorFerdinand Magellan 1519 rounds South America (circumnavigates world) Portugal:Pedro Cabral 1500 Northern Brazilian CoastAmerigo Vespucci 1501 Eastern Coast of BrazilEngland:Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) 1497 China? Newfoundland, CanadaHenry Hudson 1610 Hudson BayFrance:Giovanni de Verrazano 1524 Atlantic Coast from Carolinas -CanadaJacques Cartier - 1530s St. Lawrence RiverNetherlands (Holland):Henry Hudson 1609 Hudson River

North America

New France

. San Francisco

. Los Angeles

. San Diego. Natchez

St. Augustine .

New Orleans .

Mexico Gulf of Mexico

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Cuba

New Spain

Quebec . Montreal .

Louisiana

New France St. L

awrence River

Mis

siss

ipp

i Riv

er

Newfoundland

App

alac

hian

Mts

.

Rocky M

ountains New Netherlands. New Amsterdam

New France1. French -Canadian Coastal fishermen2. Fur Traders traded knives, kettles, & cloth with Native

Americans for beaver skins. “coureurs de bois”3. 1600s Samuel de Champlain founds New France Colony

Port Royal, Nova Scotia & 1605 Quebec on St. Lawrence River4. 1673 Catholic Missionary, Father Jacques Marquette travels

down the Mississippi River. (700 miles)5. 1682 Robert de La Salle names the Mississippi basin

Louisiana for French King Louis XIV.6. Government: Controlled by King & appointed council. They

made all decisions. Little freedom for 10,000 settlers.

New Netherlands1. Explored by Henry Hudson2. 1626 Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island from Native Americans for

$24.00 & founded New Amsterdam.3. Some Dutch Colonist settled farther up the Hudson River.4. 1655 the Dutch take over New Sweden Colony on Delaware River.5. The Dutch & their friends the Iroquois become rivals of the French &

their friends the Algonquins over the fur trade.

Impact on Native Americans:a) European Diseases kill manyb) Europeans encourage Native American to fight other tribesc) European goods & Christianity change lives of Native Americansd) Europeans seize land forcing Tribes westward

Religious & Political RivalsReligious:

Catholic Countries -vs.- Protestant CountriesPortugal EnglandSpain NetherlandsFrance However these two were

rivals in overseas trade

First English Settlements1. Roanoke Colony on island off N. Carolina coast

a) Walter Raleigh convinced Queen Elizabethb) 1585 7 ships John White left 117 colonists c) He returned 3 years later to find the settlement empty.

2. Jamestown on James River in Chesapeake Baya) 1607 Virginia Company of London chartered King James I. b) 105 Colonists chose council of 13 men. c) Captain John Smith forced colonists to work for food.d) 1612 Colonists learned about pipe tobacco smokinge) 1620 30,000 lbs. exported to England = money.

3. Plymouth Cape Cod, Massachusettsa) in 1620 Pilgrims or Separatists Religious freedom from Church of England. 100 men, women, & childrenb) Mayflower Compact 41 men promise to work & consult to make

laws.c) With Native American help they survive until the next harvest First Thanksgiving.

North America

New France

. San Francisco

. Los Angeles

. San Diego. Natchez

St. Augustine .

New Orleans .

Mexico Gulf of MexicoAtlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Cuba

New Spain

Quebec . Montreal .

Louisiana

New France St. L

awrence River

Mis

siss

ipp

i Riv

er

Newfoundland

App

alac

hian

Mts

.

Rocky M

ountains

English Colonies. Plymouth

. Jamestown

. Boston

. Newport. Perth Amboy. Philadelphia

. Savanna. Charleston

. Norfork

. Baltimore

The 13 English ColoniesNew England1. Massachusetts 1630

Charter Massachusetts Bay Colony John Winthrop Puritans reform the Church of England King Charles I religious persecution+ younger sons seeking cheap land. Assembly (General Court) vote to all male church members

2. Connecticut 1636 Charter Puritan Minister Thomas Hooker founded Hartford on Connecticut River.

Fundamental Orders vote to all male property owners & limited governor’s powers.3. Rhode Island 1635 minister Roger Williams religious toleration = separation of

church business & state government. Escaped to Narragansett BayNo state government freedom for Protestants, Jews, & Catholics.Ann Hutchinson “deluded by the Devil” forced to leave Boston.

1. New Hampshire 1680 New English Colonist move Westward Wampanoag Indian fight for

their land. Chief Metacom killed & 1,000 Indians sold into slavery.

The 13 English ColoniesMiddle Colonies1. New York 1664

New Netherland (Dutch colony) patroons- owner huge estatesDutch Reformed Church -allowed religious freedomproprietary colony -kings brother Duke of York

2. New Jersey 1702 proprietary colony- Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

1702 became a royal colony, but charter protected religious freedom3. Pennsylvania 1681 proprietary colony- William Penn’s Holy Experiment. Quakers

All men & women equal & fair treatment Native Americans. • Delaware 1701 Once part of Pennsylvania. William Penn allowed them to elect their

own assembly.

The 13 English ColoniesSouthern Colonies1. Maryland 1632

proprietary colony- Sir George Calvert’s Catholic colony.Son, Cecil, Lord Baltimore

in 1649 Act of Toleration Freedom for Protestants too (No Jews)2. Virginia 1606

Jamestown Charter- The Virgina Company of London Cash crop- tobacco New settlers went into Western land. NativeAmericans attack frontier plantations.

• North Carolina 1663Land grant from King Charles II established Charleston Cash crop- rice & indigo. Import slaves to farm the swampy coastal lowlands.

2. South Carolina 1712 Separate from North Carolina (larger plantations more slaves)5. Georgia 1732

James Oglethorpe’s new start for debtors. Tried small farms (<50 acres) &no slaves, but didn’t work.

North America

New France

. San Francisco

. Los Angeles

. San Diego. NatchezSt. Augustine .

New Orleans .

Mexico Gulf of MexicoAtlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Cuba

New Spain

Quebec . Montreal .

Louisiana

New France St. L

awrence River

Mis

siss

ipp

i Riv

er

Newfoundland

App

alac

hian

Mts

.

Rocky M

ountains

En

gli

sh C

olo

nie

s

. Plymouth

. Jamestown

. Boston

. Newport. Perth Amboy. Philadelphia

. Savanna. Charleston

. Norfork

. Baltimore

GeorgiaSouth CarolinaNorth CarolinaVirginia

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Delaware

Massachusetts

ConnecticutRhode Island

New YorkNew Jersey

New Hampshire

Southern Colonies

Middle Colonies

New England Colonies

Life in The English SettlementsColonies Religion(s) Occupations Cash CropsNew EnglandNew Hampshire Puritans fishing, ship building None Massachusetts Puritans small subsistence farmsRhode Island all livestock raisingConnecticut Puritans LumberingMiddleNew York all grain wheat, barley & rye New Jersey all cattle & pigsPennsylvania Quakers except Jews Manufacturing & large citiesDelaware all except Catholics & Jews

SouthernMaryland Catholic & Protestants Large Plantations few cities tobaccoVirginia all tobaccoNorth Carolinas all tobacco &riceSouth Carolina all rice & indigoGeorgia debtors & all rice & indigo

Government in The English ColoniesColonies: Magna Carta- Rights demanded by Nobles extended to English people 1215

Glorious Revolution- William & Mary- English Bill of Rights 1689 Each colony had an assembly consisting of two houses:Upper house or Governor’s Council & Lower House of elected Legislators. Only white

Christian males over 21 could vote. They must own property & they might have to belong to a certain church. (No women or slaves)

New EnglandNew HampshireMassachusetts Mayflower Compact / General Court -AssemblyRhode IslandConnecticut Fundamental Orders- limits Governor’s powers - all males voteMiddleNew YorkNew JerseyPennsylvaniaDelawareSouthernMaryland Act of Toleration 1649Virginia House of Burgesses- elected assembly 1619North CarolinasSouth CarolinaGeorgia

The French Colonies pp. 79-82

The Spanish Colonies pp. 74-76

Looking Passage to Asia

Owned by King

Catholic

Explorers

Men

Looking for wealth

Claimed new landsTraders

Trappers - Beavers

Treated Natives FairlyEnslaved Natives

PlantationsMines

Imported Slaves

Small Farms

Trading Posts

PueblosMissions

Gold & Silver

Animal FurMissionaries

10,000 settlersLaws of the Indies

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos

encomiendas

ConqistadorsCoureurs de Bois

Knives, kettles, & cloth

Fishing -codfish

Directions: Using these notes write a paragraph comparing & contrasting The Spanish & French colonies.

Presidios

The New England Colonies1. ____ The Puritan were a) separatists b) reformers

c) like the Pilgrims d) wanted the Catholic ways to return.2. ____ Who was their leader? a) John Smith b) Roger Williams

c) Thomas Hooker d) John Winthrope3. ____ The Puritan settled in a) New Hampshire b) Plymouth

c) Massachusetts d) Jamestown.4. ____ Who was the leader to found Connecticut? a) John Smith b) Roger Williams

c) Thomas Hooker d) John Winthrope5. ____ Fundamental Orders of Connecticut allowed male property owners and

a) women to vote b) church members to votec) stockholders the vote d) non-church members the vote.

6. ____ Who was the Puritan leader to found Rhode Island? a) John Smith b) Roger Williams c) Thomas Hooker d) John Winthrope.

7. ____ In the New England colonies the soil was poor so most peoplea) grew rye, wheat, & barley b) raised cattle c) had plantations d) grew corn, beans, & squash.

8. ____ Because the settlers fanned across New England, in 1680 this colony was founded in Portsmouth a) Maine b) New Hampshire c) Massachusetts d) New York

9. ____ Those in New England also a) hunted b) collected maple syrup c) lumberedd) fished e) all of the above.

10. ___ The New England the thing that most promoted Democratic Ideal wasa) the hard life b) the rich forests c) the Puritan rules d) the town meeting.

The Middle Colonies1. ____ In New Netherlands a wealthy owner of a huge estate is a) a Gentry b) a Patroon

c) a Pilgrims d) a Quaker.2. ____ What did New Netherland become? a) New Jersey b) Delaware c) Pennsylvania d) New York.

3. ____ A colony given by the king to one or more owners is called? a) a proprietary colony b) a royal colony c) a land grant colony d) a lost colony.

4. ____ The colony given to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret was? a) New Jersey b) Delaware c) Pennsylvania d) New York.

5. ____ A colony under the control of a king is called? a) a proprietary colony b) a royal colony c) a land grant colony d) a company colony.

6. ____ The separatist group that believed men, women, nobles, and commoners were equal was?a) Puritan b) Pilgrims c) Catholic d) Quakers.

7. ____ The Middle Colonies were called the bread basket of the English Colonies because theya) grew rye, wheat, & barley b) raised cattle c) had huge rice plantations d) grew corn, beans, squash & pumpkin.

8. ____ The founder of Pennsylvania was? a) Roger Williams b) William Penn c) James Oglethorpe d) John Winthrop.

9. ____ The lower countries of Pennsylvania became the colony of ? a) New Jersey b) Delaware c) Maryland d) New York.

10. ___ The Pennsylvania Colony became center for a) manufacturing & crafts b) the slave tradec) ship building d) religious intolerance.

The Southern Colonies1. ____ First Sir George Calver and later his son, Lord Baltimore started a colony for Catholics called

a) North Carolina b) Maryland c) South Carolina d) Georgia.2. ____ The Act of Toleration? a) provided freedom for Catholics only b) freedom for Quakers & Puritans

c) freedom for all Christians d) freedom for all religious beliefs.3. ____ In Virginia the conflict over the need for more farmland resulted in Nathaniel Bacon?

a) buying more land from the Native Americans b) encouraging the settlers to move with him to Georgiac) raiding villages and burning the capital d) surveying the Mason-Dixon Line.

4. ____ South of the Virginia colony eight English nobles established the city of Charleston and founded a proprietary colony called ? a) Carolina b) Maryland c) Virginia d) Georgia.

5. ____ This colony divided into two areas with eventually became a) Roanoke & Jamestown b) Virginia & West Virginiac) Carolina & Georgia d) North & South Carolina.

6. ____ James Oglethorpe’s idea of giving debtors a second chance in the colonies lead to the founding of what colony? a) North Carolina b) Maryland c) South Carolina d) Georgia.

7. ____ Because the Southern Colonies had warmer weather and a long growing season, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina grew what?

a) rye, wheat, & barley b) tobacco c) rice and indigo d) corn, beans, squash & pumpkin.8. ____ What cash crops did the settlers in the colonies of Georgia and south Carolina grow?

a) rye, wheat, & barley b) tobacco c) rice and indigo d) corn, beans, squash & pumpkin.9. ____ In the land between the tidewater coastal lowlands and the Appalachian Mountain called the backcountry life was

a) more democratic b) more complicated c) for unequal between the settlers d) less involved with families.10. ___ What was the laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied them their basic rights known as?

a) the black laws b) the slave codes c) racist rules d) the golden rule.

New England Colonies pp.94-100

SouthernColonies pp. 106-111

MiddleColoniespp. 100-5

Directions:Look up factsNames, detailsand informationAbout eachColonial region.

New England Colonies pp.94-100

SouthernColonies pp. 106-111

MiddleColoniespp. 100-5

Directions:Look up factsNames, detailsand informationAbout eachColonial region.

Puritans

Poor Rocky SoilNo Cash Crop

Lumber & Fishing

Massachusetts -James WinthropConnecticut -James Winthrop

Rhode Island -Roger Williams

Religious Freedom

John Cabot

Cash Crops Pilgrims

New HampshireEnglish

Owned By King

Along the Atlantic Coast

New Netherlands New York

New Jersey- Lord Berkeley & George Carteret

Pennsylvania- Quaker William PennReligious Tolerance

Quakers- No Wars EqualityBetter treatment ofNative Americans

Delaware- Lower Counties

WheatBarleyRye

Tobacco, Rice, & IndigoS. Carolina & Georgia- Rice, & Indigo

Maryland, Virginia,& N. Carolina- Rice, & Indigo

Native AmericanProblems

Large Plantations - Slaves

Indentured Servants

Roanoke & Jamestown

Manufacturing

Georgia- James Oglethorpe - DebtorsMaryland- Lord Baltimore -Catholic

Mayflower Compact

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Act of Toleration

a) Founder of colony of Pennsylvaniab) Leader of Jamestown colony who said “no work no food”.c) Proprietors of Catholic colony of Marylandd) Proprietors of colony of New Jerseye) Puritan founder of Rhode Islandf) Puritan Minister who founded Connecticutg) Founder of the Debtor’s colony of Georgiah) With friends tried to establish an early colony at Roanokei) Lead a rebellion attaching Native American & the colony’s capitalj) Religious reformers who wanted to purify the English churchk) The owners of the Jamestown settlementL) Separatists who believed all men are equalm) Agreement that all 41 men will work for the colony’s welfare.n) Separatists who first went to the Netherland before Plymouth.o) Puritan leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony• Representative Assembly in the Virginia colonyq) Gave vote to all male property owners & limited the governorr) Provided religious freedom for all Christians in Maryland

Directions:match the names with its definition or accomplishments.1. ___ Lord Berkeley & George Carteret2. ___ George Calvert & Lord Baltimore3. ___ Fundamental Orders of Connecticut4. ___ Virginia Company of London5. ___ House of Burgesses6. ___ Mayflower Compact7. ___ Act of Toleration8. ___ John Winthrop9. ___ Quakers10. __ William Penn11. __ Pilgrims12. __ Thomas Hooker13. __ Roger Williams14. __ Puritans15. __ Captain John Smith16. __ Nathaniel Bacon17. __ James Oglethorpe18. __ Sir Walter Raleigh

Name _______________________

CS109

Colonization Performance Assessment (Test Grade)Write a letter from a colony in one of the three regions to a relative in England.1. ___ Clear focus2. Organization: all 5 parts (2 points each)___ heading___ salutation___ body___ closing___ signature3. Used figurative language (two forms) 5pts.each___ simile___ metaphor___ hyperbole___ personification___ onomatopoeia4. ___ Used historical sensory details & images from region. (describing in detail 5 things you would see 2 pt. each)5. ___ Used dialog (quoted someone).6. ___ Used vivid vocabulary (5 terms from S. S. unit 2pts each).7. ___ Clear, well developed, and varied sentences.8. ___ Capitalization, Spelling, and Punctuation (Proper nouns).9. ___ Answered all parts of the writing task.10. __ Neatly written or typed.

CS109

13 River RoadMontreal, CanadaFebruary 28, 1770

Dear Uncle Cecil, How are you and the family? I hope this letter finds you all healthy. Mom and Dad are well and I would have written sooner, but this winter has kept us all busy. It has been as cold as ice and we have had several feet of snow. Traveling is difficult and to avoid sinking in the deep snow we have to use snowshoes to get around. Luckily, the St. Lawrence River has frozen over. Once we get to the river, going is much easier. My little sister, Sally, has learned to ice skate and Dad can easily slide the logs he needs to cut into firewood on the ice. Mom has given me the job of keeping the fire stoked in our log cabin. With the nearest cabin a quarter mile away this is an important job. The fire in the big stone fireplace is the only source of warmth and light, since our one room cabin has no windows. Hey, guess what. I’m now big enough to be allowed to sleep in the loft. It’s smoky, but it’s warm up there even on the coldest of nights when the wind moans outside whipping snow flakes by the roof shingles. Dad and his Algonquin Indian friends have been trapping beavers. They now name Dad a “coureur de bois”, which is French for runner of the woods. Together they have quite a number of the black pelts to sell in Quebec this spring when all the ice melts. Selling them for export Dad hopes to buy some seed, more shot & gunpowder, and hopefully a gun for me so I can tag along with him when he goes hunting this summer. I am no longer afraid of the Algonquins, but I wish I could say the same of the Iroquois tribes. Although some say that they respect the authority of our beloved King George III. Dad is always saying, “The Indians are people too and if you treat them fairly and with respect you’ll get more of the same.” Still it is strange to be one of the few English settlers in what was once part of the colony of New France. CS110

Because of religious tolerance for Catholics a missionary, Father Isaac, has established a church on a nearby hill so on Sunday the whole family can now go to church. Although it isn’t much fun trudging uphill in the snow, the sledding home is much fun. Well, Mom is calling me so I’d better close for now. Write back soon and tell me all that’s happening in England and I promise to be better in returning your letters.

Your Canadian Nephew,Clifford Heights III

1. __ Clear Focus2. Organization: all 5 parts (2 points each)___ heading___ salutation___ body___ closing___ signature3. Used figurative language (two forms) 5pts.each___ simile___ metaphor___ hyperbole___ personification___ onomatopoeia4. ___ Used historical sensory details & images from region. (describing in detail 5 things you would see 2 pt. each)5. ___ Used dialog (quoted someone).6. ___ Used vivid vocabulary (5 terms from S. S. unit 2pts each).7. ___ Clear, well developed, and varied sentences.8. ___ Capitalization, Spelling, and Punctuation (Proper nouns).9. ___ Answered all parts of the writing task.10. __ Neatly written or typed.

CS110