Collaborative Sensor Rotation Programme Jacqueline Barr (IBI Group)

Collaborative Sensor Rotation Programme (CSRP)

Low Cost Monitoring: collaborating on increasing the

coverage and reducing the cost

Jacqueline Barr, IBI Group

Overview

Co-location & Field Trials

Project drivers

Sensors

Collaboration

Aims & vision

Findings so far

Next Steps

5

2

4

3

1

6

7

Conduct a series of

air quality

assessments by

piloting low cost

sensors at chosen

locations on the

trunk road network

between

November 2013

and November

2014

CSRP - Project Aims & Objectives

• Build a collaborative community

• Gather real data and create a baseline

• Work with air quality instrument supply

chain

• Develop Environmental Incident

Management System

• Improve traffic management

algorithms

• Provide evidence of fleet change and

air quality trends

• Support scheme before and after

assessment

Long Term Vision: Environmental Incident Management System

The AQM units will allow for roadside air quality levels to be

monitored in real time.

With their integration into ITS, with modelled AQ, weather and traffic

data, can be used to provide information to the public, change driver

behaviour or divert traffic away from a region.

Traffic

Management

Algorithm

2. Live Environmental

Sensor Data

- measured using “low

cost” sensors

3. Local AQM Data

- measured pollution

levels from Local

Authority Stations

1. Modelled Data

- using microsimulation

post processing tools

Algorithm

Outputs

Dynamic

Actions

Message

Generator

HIGH AIR

POLLUTION IN

TOWN

Live Traffic

Data

Weather Data

Local Air Quality Management Areas

Local Authority #

City of Aberdeen 3

Fife 2

Dundee City 1

Perth and Kinross 2

Falkirk 5

North Lanarkshire 6

East Dunbartonshire 2

Renfrewshire 1

Glasgow City 3

South Lanarkshire 1

Midlothian 1

City of Edinburgh 5

East Lothian 1

West Lothian 1

Highland 1

Total 35

Low carbon 2011 Low carbon prediction

2.3M cars in 2011.

12% at less than 130g/km.

1% at less than 95g/km.

Perhaps fleet peaking

A mix of low emission propulsion technologies

may develop to contribute to largely decarbonise

transport by 2050

Traffic carbon predictions

Scottish

Transport

Emission

Partnership

• Presentations

• Scottish

Urban Air

Quality Group

Working with others

SEPA

• Peer review

• Field trial

• Seeking

wider funding

Local Authorities

• Edinburgh

• Fife

• Dundee

• Glasgow

• Perth &

Kinross

http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/air-quality

Monthly briefing notes

Academia

• Academic

review

• PhD input

• Equipment

Equipment

Suppliers

• Envirologger

• TDC Systems

• PerkinElmer

AQMesh

• Electrochemical sensors

• Measuring gases

• Battery powered

TDC HI-TRAC PM

• Nephelometer

• Measuring PM2.5

• Mains powered

CSRP Equipment Shift in environmental data collection:

• Smaller

• Higher spatial

& temporal resolution

• Lower cost

• Lower power

• Real-time data

SIDEPAK

• Aerosol Monitor

• Measuring PM2.5

• Battery or mains powered

AEROQUAL

• Electrochemical & metal oxide sensors

• Measuring single gas


OSIRIS

• Nephelometer

• Measuring PM1, PM2.5, PM10 & TSP

• Mains powered

DYLOS

• Laser Counter

• Measuring PM2.5


Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site

• Existing urban background site measuring NO, NO2, O3, black

carbon, PM1, PM10 & PM2.5 using conventional analysers

• Phase 1: trial equipment installed 1 September:

– 2 x AQMesh gas monitors

– 2 x TDC HiTRAC PM2.5 monitors

• Phase 2: October

– 2 x SidePak PM2.5 monitors

– 2 x Aeroqual NO2

– 2 x Aeroqual O3 sensors

– 3 x OSIRIS PM monitors

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO a

un

_n

o, a

qm

esh

7_

no

, a

qm

esh

14

_n

o

0

50

100

Sep 08 Sep 09 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13

aun_no aqmesh7_no aqmesh14_no

• Good time series agreement

• R2 of 0.89 and 0.91

NO

(pp

b)

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO2

au

n_

NO

2, a

qm

esh

7_

NO

2, a

qm

esh

14

_N

O2

0

10

20

30

40


aun_NO2 aqmesh7_NO2 aqmesh14_NO2

• Poor time series agreement

• R2 of 0.13 and 0.01

• Cross-sensitivity to O3

NO

2 (

pp

b)

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO2 a

un

_N

O2, co

rr_

aq

7_

NO

2, co

rr_

aq

14

_N

O2

10

20

30

40aun_N

O2

-20

0

20

corr

_aq7_N

O2

-40

-20

0

20

40


corr

_aq14_N

O2

aun_NO2 corr_aq7_NO2 corr_aq14_NO2

• Accounting for cross-sensitivity improves trend agreement

• R2 of 0.62 and 0.48

NO

2 (

pp

b)

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: SidePak PM2.5 P

M2.5

, sid

e1

_P

M2.5

, sid

e2

_P

M2.5

0

10

20

30

40

Oct 08 Oct 09 Oct 10 Oct 11 Oct 12 Oct 13 Oct 14

PM2.5 side1_PM2.5 side2_PM2.5

• Reasonable trend agreement between the AUN and SidePak PM2.5

• R2 of 0.67 and 0.81

PM

2.5

(µ

gm

-3)

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: HI-TRAC PM2.5 P

M2.5

, h

itra

c1

01

7_

PM

2.5

, h

itra

c1

01

8_

PM

2.5

0

5

10

15

Oct 08 Oct 09 Oct 10 Oct 11 Oct 12 Oct 13 Oct 14

PM2.5 hitrac1017_PM2.5 hitrac1018_PM2.5

• Reasonable trend agreement between the AUN and HI-TRAC PM2.5

• R2 of 0.77 and 0.72

PM

2.5

(µ

gm

-3)

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: HI-TRAC PM2.5

Time series - Townhead TEOM FDMS, HI-Trac PM2.5, 3-9 Nov 2014 te

om

fdm

s_

PM

2.5

, h

t10

17

_P

M2.5

, h

t10

18

_P

M2.5

0

50

100

150

Nov 04 Nov 05 Nov 06 Nov 07 Nov 08 Nov 09 Nov 10

teomfdms_PM2.5 ht1017_PM2.5 ht1018_PM2.5

PM

2.5

(µ

gm

-3)

0 50 100 150

02

04

06

08

01

00

TEOM FDMS PM2.5 ( gm-3

)

Hi-

Tra

c 1

01

7 P

M2.5

(g

m-3

)

OLS - TEOM FDMS PM2.5 & Hi-Trac 1017 PM2.5

0 50 100 150

02

04

06

08

01

00

TEOM FDMS PM2.5 ( gm-3

)

Hi-

Tra

c 1

01

8 P

M2.5

(g

m-3

)OLS - TEOM FDMS PM2.5 & Hi-Trac 1018 PM2.5

y = 0.67x + 0.79

R2 = 0.97 y = 0.61x + 0.63

R2 = 0.90

Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: findings so far

• AQMesh

‒ good for NO

‒ NO2 ok if you can compensate for O3

• SidePak

‒ Encouraging initial results

• HI-TRAC PM

‒ Reasonable agreement with the reference

• Aeroqual – second trial undertaken and analysis underway

• OSIRIS - possible humidity problems with the units

• Dylos – need suitable outdoor enclosure for long deployments, trial

currently underway at Townhead with Edinburgh

Townhead trials continuing with modifications to sensors above &

additional sensors

• Traffic count site

• Co-located SEPA

Trailer

– Established AQM

equipment

– 6 wks data collected

– Traffic, weather,

temp, RH, NO, NO2,

SO2, CO, PM1,

PM2.5, PM10

A8 Bargeddie

Eastbound (WiM)

Field Trial

Links between

environmental &

traffic data

Daily Patterns 0

40

0Traffic Volume by day of the week

day of week

Tra

ffic

Vo

lum

e

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

10

30

NO2 by day of the week

day of week

NO

2


48

12

16

PM2.5 by day of the week

day of week

PM

2.5


Traffic Speed and Flow by NO2

Traffic flow / speed curve by NO2

15 min traffic volume (no. vehicles)

15

min

ave

rag

e s

pe

ed

(m

ph

)

0

20

40

60

0 200 400 600 800

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Wind Direction

Traffic flow / speed curves by NO2 and wind direction


15

min

ave

rag

e s

pe

ed

(m

ph

)

0

20

40

60

N

0 200 400 600 800

NE E

0 200 400 600 800

SE

0 200 400 600 800

S SW

0 200 400 600 800

W

0

20

40

60

NW

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Frequency of counts by wind direction (%)

W

S

N

E5%

10%15%

20%25%

30%35%

40%

mean = 3.42

calm = 0%

0 to 22 to 44 to 66 to 11.6

(m s1)

N

S

E W

Wind Speed

Traffic flow / speed curves by NO2 and wind speed


15

min

ave

rag

e s

pe

ed

(m

ph

)

0

20

40

60

wind spd. 0.98 to 1.94

0 200 400 600 800


0 200 400 600 800


0

20

40

60


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Project Findings

• Positive results - indicative trends

• Understanding of equipment & limitations is expanding

• Equipment is not plug & play

• Electrochemical sensors are not “calibrated”

• Known cross- gas interference - NO2 and O3

• Willing from the manufacturers to work with us on the project

• Interest from Local Authorities in new technologies to

supplement their existing environmental monitoring activities

Widen partners and develop future

funding bids

Research links:

• Horizon 2020

• CARBOTRAF

• AERIS EUROPE

• ITRAQ

• Future Cities Glasgow

• Urban Data Centre

• Project event February 2015

Next Steps

Partners:

• SEPA

• Strathclyde

• Aberdeen

• European

Partners

• Others

• Build a collaborative community………....yes, many partners

• Gather real data and create a baseline…..yes, large amounts of data

• Work with air quality instrument supply chain...yes, good

experience

• Develop Environmental Incident Management System…more to be done

• Improve traffic management algorithms………………..…more to be done

• Provide evidence of fleet change and air quality trends…more to be done

• Support scheme before and after assessment…………..work in progress

Conclusions..…eye openers to date

Drew Hill, Transport Scotland

[email protected]

Ian Wager, SEPA

[email protected]

Iain Beverland & Jonathan Gillespie

University of Strathclyde

[email protected]

[email protected]

Jim Mills, Envirologger

[email protected]

Acknowledgments

mailto:[email protected]





The end

Thank you!

Interested in finding out more?

Contact:

Jacqueline Barr [email protected]

Drew Hill [email protected]



Collaborative Sensor Rotation Programme Jacqueline Barr (IBI Group)

Environment

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