COLLABORATION COLLABORATION in the POST in the POST

KATRINA KATRINA ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

Successes and Pitfalls in Successes and Pitfalls in Collaboration with Private Collaboration with Private

Sector, Voluntary Sector, Voluntary Organizations and Organizations and

VolunteersVolunteers EOCEOC

Kathleen Henning, MA, CEM

President, KGHenning & Associates LLC

Montgomery County CERT Training Officer

OverviewOverview

► Role of Emergency Management in times of Role of Emergency Management in times of Emergencies & DisastersEmergencies & Disasters

► Challenges/barriers within the two different cultures that inhibit strong, open, effective partnerships

► Pitfalls to avoid► Why do government, private sector and NGOs have

to work together?► Keys to success/tips in finding common ground and

getting things done► New Planning Framework-paradigm shift► Benefits of government –private sector collaboration► Role of IAEM in Support of Public Private

Partnerships and Multi-agency Collaboration

What is an Emergency?What is an Emergency?

either can shut down businesses, disrupt operations, either can shut down businesses, disrupt operations, cause physical or environmental damage, or threaten cause physical or environmental damage, or threaten the community’s financial standing or public image.the community’s financial standing or public image.

An emergency is any An emergency is any unplanned event that unplanned event that can cause death or can cause death or significant injuries to significant injuries to employees, customers employees, customers or the public. or the public.

A disaster is an emergency A disaster is an emergency that goes beyond the that goes beyond the jurisdiction’s ability to jurisdiction’s ability to respondrespond

OFFICE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ROLE:ROLE:

AWARENESS & PREVENTIONAWARENESS & PREVENTION PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS MITIGATION MITIGATION RESPONSE RESPONSE RECOVERY RECOVERY

OEM OEM coordinates & collaborates coordinates & collaborates withwith 1st Responders 1st Responders

All levels of JurisdictionsAll levels of JurisdictionsVolunteer Center Volunteer Center Citizen Corp CouncilCitizen Corp Council

Private Sector BusinessesPrivate Sector Businesses

Why involve the community Why involve the community and nongovernmental and nongovernmental

resources?resources?

White House Homeland Security website and EMS Magazine July 2002

• Less than 1 percent of the U.S. population is an emergency responder

• 85% of critical infrastructure is privately owned

"They are the key element. The real first responders are our citizens. We can't do our job without them.” - Chief Ed Plaugher

Arlington Co. Fire Dept. 2001

What might be some of What might be some of the challenges/barriers the challenges/barriers within the two different within the two different

cultures that inhibit cultures that inhibit strong, open, effective strong, open, effective

partnerships?partnerships?

PITFALLS TO AVOIDPITFALLS TO AVOID

► "tradition unhampered by progress"-- expectation "tradition unhampered by progress"-- expectation that it should always be done the same way that it should always be done the same way because that's the way it used to be donebecause that's the way it used to be done

► Creating procedural barriers between government, Creating procedural barriers between government, nonprofit organizations, and businessesnonprofit organizations, and businesses

► Failure to understand the legal barriers Failure to understand the legal barriers (Constitution, State Charters, EOPs) that affect how (Constitution, State Charters, EOPs) that affect how and when different levels of organizations and and when different levels of organizations and businesses (federal, state, local) can respondbusinesses (federal, state, local) can respond

Constraints on Private SectorConstraints on Private Sector

► Stafford Act limitationsStafford Act limitations

the response from critical infrastructure the response from critical infrastructure providers after Katrina was often hampered by providers after Katrina was often hampered by provisions that prevent government “from provisions that prevent government “from conferring a direct benefit on the private sector.”conferring a direct benefit on the private sector.”

► Regulations and lawsRegulations and laws► Access to disaster areasAccess to disaster areas► Trade secret and proprietary information sharingTrade secret and proprietary information sharing► ““Free Market” vs. contractual obligationsFree Market” vs. contractual obligations

Constraints on Collaboration with Constraints on Collaboration with Voluntary OrganizationsVoluntary Organizations

Lack of trust with unfamiliar individuals working in Lack of trust with unfamiliar individuals working in unfamiliar settingsunfamiliar settings

Public safety organizations lack trust in “outsiders” and Public safety organizations lack trust in “outsiders” and tend to work well only with traditional partner tend to work well only with traditional partner organizations such as law enforcement, fire and rescue organizations such as law enforcement, fire and rescue services, public health, and even elected officialsservices, public health, and even elected officials

Barriers- distrust and misperceptions that one group or Barriers- distrust and misperceptions that one group or another voluntary organization is “a group of rag-tag another voluntary organization is “a group of rag-tag volunteers.”volunteers.”

Lack of recognition of professional level of services Lack of recognition of professional level of services provided by volunteersprovided by volunteers

Constraints within Constraints within GovernmentGovernment

► Lack of understanding between the Lack of understanding between the Homeland Security and Emergency Homeland Security and Emergency Management communities at all levels of Management communities at all levels of governmentgovernment

► Lack of information sharing due to what later Lack of information sharing due to what later turns out to be unrealistic or unreasonable turns out to be unrealistic or unreasonable security concernssecurity concerns

► Public perception about which govt agency Public perception about which govt agency is “in charge” and where help will come fromis “in charge” and where help will come from

Why do government and private Why do government and private sector and NGOs have to work sector and NGOs have to work together?together?

Response & Recovery Efforts

VOLUNTEERS HAVE AN IDENTIFIED ROLE ALREADY IN

Why do government, private Why do government, private sector and NGOs have to sector and NGOs have to

work together?work together?

► Insufficient resources available to Insufficient resources available to sustain duplication of services or worse, sustain duplication of services or worse, to fail to save lives, protect property, to fail to save lives, protect property, and help people to build bridges toward and help people to build bridges toward recoveryrecovery

►Safety issues where organizations fail to Safety issues where organizations fail to communicate and coordinate efforts in communicate and coordinate efforts in the fieldthe field

Why do government , private Why do government , private sector and NGOs have to sector and NGOs have to

work together?work together?

►Mutually beneficial for short term and Mutually beneficial for short term and long term goals of the organizations to long term goals of the organizations to serve the publicserve the public

► If you don't play nice in the sandbox If you don't play nice in the sandbox during play time, you won't be invited during play time, you won't be invited when crises occurwhen crises occur

Why do government, private Why do government, private sector and NGOs have to sector and NGOs have to

work together?work together?

Shared responsibilities for protection and care of Shared responsibilities for protection and care of publicpublic

In an age of social media, hierarchical organizations In an age of social media, hierarchical organizations are most vulnerable to destabilizing, catastrophic are most vulnerable to destabilizing, catastrophic eventsevents

Paradigm shift—Asymmetric power rather than Paradigm shift—Asymmetric power rather than centralized powercentralized power

It takes time to learn about the It takes time to learn about the different cultures of govt vs different cultures of govt vs private sectorprivate sector

e.g. e.g. Sustainability of organizations Sustainability of organizations vary greatly between fund raising vary greatly between fund raising organizations and organizations organizations and organizations that rely on elections and that rely on elections and popularity of public officialspopularity of public officials

Advance relationship Advance relationship buildingbuilding

Working together beforehand Working together beforehand builds the critical relationships builds the critical relationships before the event. before the event.

Reach out to groups that are at the Reach out to groups that are at the greatest risk and need greatest risk and need

Collaborate with community and Collaborate with community and neighborhood leaders.neighborhood leaders.

private sector and what that private sector and what that means.means.

► Focus on business and industry groups.Focus on business and industry groups.► Better define the partnership objectives. Better define the partnership objectives.

Govt needs to tell businesses to get Govt needs to tell businesses to get employees back to work as a high priority. employees back to work as a high priority.

► Show appreciation for the business and the Show appreciation for the business and the employees. Might also include tax incentives employees. Might also include tax incentives and loans to businesses.and loans to businesses.

► Provide reasons for businesses to Provide reasons for businesses to participate--understand the needs of the participate--understand the needs of the community. community.

► Share information about vulnerabilities and Share information about vulnerabilities and how to gain access to the community after how to gain access to the community after the disaster. the disaster.

What are some of the keys What are some of the keys to success/tips in finding to success/tips in finding

common ground and getting common ground and getting things donethings done

Key Issues- Common Key Issues- Common FrameworkFramework

►Common terminology- Principles of Common terminology- Principles of Emergency Management Emergency Management Shared language Shared language including adoption of the Principles of Emergency Management - by including adoption of the Principles of Emergency Management - by DHS, FEMA, NEMA, IAEM, colleges and universitiesDHS, FEMA, NEMA, IAEM, colleges and universities

►All sectors trained and operational All sectors trained and operational under NIMS under NIMS Common terminology and understanding of incident Common terminology and understanding of incident management system, NIMS, and the National Response Frameworkmanagement system, NIMS, and the National Response Framework

►Need for all cycles of emergency Need for all cycles of emergency management, including recovery, to management, including recovery, to be based on research based sciencebe based on research based science

Challenge- LeadershipChallenge- Leadership

►Overcome lack of familiarity with the Overcome lack of familiarity with the formal and informal leaders in the formal and informal leaders in the communitycommunity

Challenge- PersonnelChallenge- Personnel

►Motivation of workers versus Motivation of workers versus volunteers who are impacted by volunteers who are impacted by psychological and physiological factors psychological and physiological factors of disastersof disasters

►Volunteer Management skills versus Volunteer Management skills versus personnel management for personnel management for government workers government workers

►Failure to account for Volunteer Failure to account for Volunteer Liability, workers compensation Liability, workers compensation insurance, and safety standardsinsurance, and safety standards

Challenge- “In it for the Long Challenge- “In it for the Long Haul”Haul”

Overcoming lack of understanding Overcoming lack of understanding about immediate needs to about immediate needs to respond to a crisis versus long respond to a crisis versus long term needs to recover, sustain term needs to recover, sustain institutions and restructure institutions and restructure organizationsorganizations

Key Issues – Planning SilosKey Issues – Planning Silos

that do not include public safety that do not include public safety organizations and non-profit organizations organizations and non-profit organizations as mutual Stakeholders in strategic plans, as mutual Stakeholders in strategic plans, emergency operations plans, emergency operations plans, administrative procedures administrative procedures

e.g. worst type of planning --says what the e.g. worst type of planning --says what the organization's role is and then says the organization's role is and then says the next step is up to the government--without next step is up to the government--without confirming responsibility and confirming responsibility and capabilities, and without working out the capabilities, and without working out the transitiontransition

Prescriptive vs. Resource Based Prescriptive vs. Resource Based PlanningPlanning

““planning that focuses planning that focuses on prescribing sources on prescribing sources of action to follow in of action to follow in specific circumstances specific circumstances is bound to failis bound to fail””

Working Outside the Comfort Working Outside the Comfort ZoneZone

► Rather than Prescriptive plans focus on Rather than Prescriptive plans focus on resource based planningresource based planning

► Model of Electricite de France- largest Europe Model of Electricite de France- largest Europe utility- “Rapid Reflection Force”-what is the utility- “Rapid Reflection Force”-what is the big picture in a catastrophic event and who big picture in a catastrophic event and who are the stakeholders?are the stakeholders? ““what initiatives or creative suggestions what initiatives or creative suggestions

would enable leaders to change the would enable leaders to change the dynamics of the chaotic environment to dynamics of the chaotic environment to their advantage?’their advantage?’

► Lagadec Lagadec Unconventional Crises, Unconventional Unconventional Crises, Unconventional Responses-Reforming Leaderhip, 2007Responses-Reforming Leaderhip, 2007

Planning FrameworkPlanning Framework

►Common understanding of goals and Common understanding of goals and objectives by participating in the objectives by participating in the strategic planning processstrategic planning process

►Use of consistent and compatible Use of consistent and compatible planning templates, such as the planning templates, such as the guidance found in CPG 101 as revisedguidance found in CPG 101 as revised

What are some of the What are some of the benefits of government benefits of government

– private sector – private sector collaboration?collaboration?

What are some of the benefits of What are some of the benefits of government – private sector government – private sector

collaboration?collaboration?

► Mutual respect and understanding of roles and Mutual respect and understanding of roles and responsibilitiesresponsibilities

► Opportunities for partnerships in training and Opportunities for partnerships in training and exercisesexercises

► Opportunities for greater public awareness of Opportunities for greater public awareness of the different types of responses in disasterthe different types of responses in disaster

► Grants at regional or multi-jurisdictional and Grants at regional or multi-jurisdictional and multi-agency levelsmulti-agency levels

► Reduction or elimination of duplication of Reduction or elimination of duplication of servicesservices

► Recognition of the Professionalism of Recognition of the Professionalism of Emergency Managers, Responders and Emergency Managers, Responders and Recovery SpecialistsRecovery Specialists

What are some of the benefits of What are some of the benefits of government – private sector government – private sector

collaboration?collaboration?

►Maintain, nurture relationships, and not Maintain, nurture relationships, and not just build them in times of disaster.just build them in times of disaster.

►Have a trained pool of responders and Have a trained pool of responders and recovery staff to support other recovery staff to support other organizations when pulled in through organizations when pulled in through EMAC. EMAC.

►Both sides do a better job of reaching Both sides do a better job of reaching out to the other sector through Public out to the other sector through Public Private PartnershipsPrivate Partnerships

Areas of CollaborationAreas of Collaboration

►National NGO working together in National NGO working together in stakeholder groups-- and then sharing stakeholder groups-- and then sharing the information vertically with their the information vertically with their state and local members and partnersstate and local members and partners

►Conducting joint training and exercisesConducting joint training and exercises►Team Building workshopsTeam Building workshops►Shared community events that promote Shared community events that promote

preparedness and public safetypreparedness and public safety

► Shelter managementShelter management► Warehouse managementWarehouse management► Donations managementDonations management► Community relationsCommunity relations► Damage AssessmentDamage Assessment► Community Public RelationsCommunity Public Relations► Special needs concernsSpecial needs concerns► Debris removalDebris removal► Utilities controlUtilities control► Advanced first aidAdvanced first aid

VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES /COLLABORATION

Working Collaboratively in a Working Collaboratively in a Non-Collaborative EnvironmentNon-Collaborative Environment

►government and private sector must government and private sector must work togetherwork together

►Overcome the challenges/barriers within Overcome the challenges/barriers within the two different cultures that inhibit the two different cultures that inhibit strong, open, effective partnershipsstrong, open, effective partnerships

►Avoid pitfalls to collaborationAvoid pitfalls to collaboration►Find common ground to get things done Find common ground to get things done ►Focus on benefits of government – Focus on benefits of government –

private sector collaborationprivate sector collaboration

Success of the Public Private Success of the Public Private PartnershipPartnership

►Leaders need to motivateLeaders need to motivate►Need to have trust of partnersNeed to have trust of partners►Need to be committed and focused to Need to be committed and focused to

an activityan activity►Resources to accomplish the objectiveResources to accomplish the objective

questionsquestions

Kathleen Henning, MA, CEMKathleen Henning, MA, CEM20940 C Frederick Rd #9820940 C Frederick Rd #98

Germantown, Maryland 20876Germantown, Maryland 20876prepare4@earthlink.netprepare4@earthlink.net

President Region 3 IAEM-USAPresident Region 3 IAEM-USAInternational Association of Emergency ManagersInternational Association of Emergency Managers

201 Park Washington Court201 Park Washington Court Falls Church, VA 22046-4527 Falls Church, VA 22046-4527

703-538-1795; F: 703-241-5603 703-538-1795; F: 703-241-5603 Website: www.iaem.com/Regions/3Website: www.iaem.com/Regions/3