Collaboration and Technology
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Transcript of Collaboration and Technology
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Collaboration and Technology
Concluding Remarks
By Stephen Downes
ALT-C Manchester September 8
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The View from G Level
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The Mandate…
• What was the point (I was asked) of being here at this conference?
• What was the point of coming together?
• Do we critically reflect on theory, practice, or do we merely reinforce our existing prejudices?
• What do we take home?
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The Process…
• Opening remarks…
• Three days of short papers, research papers, posters, informal discussions
• Summaries collected by the Chairs and passed on to me
• This summary…
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The Terrain…
• Institutional Collaboration– E-College Wales, Kingston College, JISC,
CAMEL, League of European Research Universities
• Learner Collaboration– Talk2Learn, UKeU+York, CABWeb, BOGLE,
CALL
• Teacher Collaboration– COLA repository, LAMS, Critical Writing Skills
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James
Watt
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The Question…
• Is there a technology of collaboration?– (as in the wider sense of ‘technology’)
• Factors: trust, abilities, distance and infrastructure, funding…
• Methodologies: process, analysis, collaboration types
• Tools: Moodle WebCT, portals, conferencing, wikis…
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Presumptions (or Observations)
• Size of group… small groups are better, large groups “too chaotic” (too much conversation)
• Fixed (and short) duration
• Structured (sometimes heavily structured)
Contrast this with the concept of community…
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Cases in Point…
• Designing and Realising Collaborative Student Activities on CABWEB
• COLEG On Line Assessment Project
• The Question: can collaboration be reduced to filling out fields in a form?
• If not…
– Why not, but more importantly…
– Why would it be treated as if it could?
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The Collaborative Gene…
• Terri Kinnison: “What characteristics does an organization or system possess (and display) at a particular stage of collaborative partnership? Is there a collective ‘style’ that determines what collaboration is possible?”
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A Question of Methodology?
• Contrasting approaches to requirements gathering:– Barry Jones – build something and see what
users do– Janet McCracken – close study of users’
current practices, plus interviews to explain
• “Monolithic projects require monolithic methodology?” … ADDIE “Where was the creativity going to come from?”
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Canal Street
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A Question of Ontology?
• Is there an essence of collaboration that can be understood independently of…– The players?– The technology?
• Does what we are looking for reflect our theoretical stance? Do we need a theoretical stance?– Logical Positivist? Behaviourist? vs– Phenomenology? Critical Theory? Feminism?
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…Does Not Want to be Joined Up
• Why we think collaboration is a good idea… various suggestions offered by authors (share resources, learn new perspectives, etc.)
• Motivation… various motivations described included paying people, funding, grading people, funding, etc
Disconnect between these two?
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This Conference…
• An observation so common as to be hackneyed… once again, the vast majority of sessions were lectures
• Why? (Let’s not simply assume that what we are doing is inherently dysfunctional, but rather, that there is a reason for this)
• Contrast with the groans in the collaborative session – “We’re locking the doors”
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Chaos….
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You Are Free to Leave…
• In my view, the question of collaboration is a question of governance
• Parallel between collaboration theory and political theory, with descriptions ranging from authoritarianism to anarchy
• Anarchy was universally considered ‘bad’
• Can there be ‘too much’ conversation’?
• Are you free to leave?
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The Lecture…
• May be the form that (counterintuitively) offers maximal freedom to the audience
• And hence, may be favoured by learning professionals (at least in their own learning) because it preserves this degree of freedom
• Contrast: learning design, LAMS, linear design….
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Two Theories of Collaboration
• The essentialist theory… collaboration is based on some sort of sameness – same value, same outcome, same tool, same funding body … needs external motivation
• The exchange theory… collaboration is based on interaction between autonomous and diverse entities … based on intrinsic motivation
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Cold Cures…
• With this cure, you can cure a cold in only seven days, which left untreated would last as long as a week!
• The question: would collaboration occur even if we did nothing?
• And if so… is collaboration actually the objective of collaboration theory…
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