Cold Water Rescue, Recover and Rewarm
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Transcript of Cold Water Rescue, Recover and Rewarm
Executive Producer Cecilia Duer National Water Safety Congress
Producer: Ted Rankine, Playsafe Productions
NASBLAWaikiki Beach, Honolulu, September 13, 2010
How many have seen…
Question on Survival
If you fell in ice water in normal clothing, how long do you think you would last before you became hypothermic?
Hypothermia – the public
Hypothermia – professionals
Estimates from 480 medical, paramedical and SAR personnel on how long a person can survive in ice water
%
minutes
Hypothermia – REALITY
An hour or more may be required for a person to become unconscious due to hypothermia IF a lifejacket or some other device eliminates the need for vigorous exercise and the airway is kept clear to keep from drowning.
Another hour before the heart stops.
Hypothermia – the past.
Hypothermia – the past.
You can die from Hypothermia in 5 to 10 minutes
So why should we care
Some drowning stats2006 U.S. Drownings
In water under 49 F / more than 50% of all boating accidents had a fatality
U.K. / Dr. M. Tipton
55% drowned within 10 feet of safety
Lifesaving Study / Canada 2000 – 2004 Boaters
60% drowned in water under 50 F 38 % in water 50 - 70 C43 % were less than 6 feet from safety
So what happens ?
3 Effects of Cold Water Immersion
• Gasp• Incapacitation• Hypothermia• (Circum-Rescue Collapse)
Recognized an Opportunity …
• To make people aware of the risks of accidental cold water immersion
• To encourage and promote life jacket wear
Reason behind the concept
• Research has shown that many people (still) believe that hypothermia can kill in 5 to 10 minutes.
• Research has shown that people don’t wear their lifejacket because for a variety of reasons including … ‘It won’t happen to me’
Why don’t you wear a lifejacket ?Why don’t you wear a lifejacket ? Video Video PSA PSA Poster Poster
I'm a good swimmerI'm a good swimmer 46%46% 42%42% 48%48%
I can put a lifejacket on if i need itI can put a lifejacket on if i need it 39%39% 45%45% 60% 60% AA
A lifejacket restricts my activity on the boatA lifejacket restricts my activity on the boat 33%33% 36%36% 44%44%
A pfd/lifejacket is not comfortableA pfd/lifejacket is not comfortable 35%35% 27%27% 44% 44% BB
I don't need to wear a lifejacket in shallow waterI don't need to wear a lifejacket in shallow water 28%28% 18%18% 32% 32% BB
I don't go far enough from shore to need a lifejacketI don't go far enough from shore to need a lifejacket 22% 22% CC 21% 21% CC 8%8%
I don't need to wear a lifejacket when the boat isn't I don't need to wear a lifejacket when the boat isn't movingmoving 17%17% 9%9% 20%20%
I don't think i will ever fall into the water and need a I don't think i will ever fall into the water and need a lifejacketlifejacket 7%7% 21% 21% ACAC 4%4%
I am a skilled boater and don't need a lifejacketI am a skilled boater and don't need a lifejacket 15% 15% BB 3%3% 8%8%
I don't think a lifejacket will help me if i go into the I don't think a lifejacket will help me if i go into the waterwater 2%2% 3%3% 4%4%
OtherOther 9%9% 6%6% 8%8%
None of theseNone of these 9%9% 9%9% 4%4%
Q: Which of the following reasons describe why you don’t always wear a PFD or lifejacket when boating?
Reasons for not always wearing PFD/ Lifejacket
Accomplish the goal by convincing the viewer
• They’re not weak, deficient, unmanly, un - whatever !
• It’s not their fault… it’s environmental
• It CAN happen to them
• To help people better understand and be more prepared to survive a cold water immersion
• Wearing a lifejacket will help you survive
Premise
Group of volunteers immersed in cold water
Record their responses
Create compelling multi media programming
Present messaging to the public
meets
The boot campersFit, water smart, geographic representation, role models
Dr G. Giesbrecht
• AKA Professor Popsicle
• World’s leading authority on freezing to death
• Hypothermic > 40 times
lifejackets
Cold Water Immersion
1 – 10 – 1
The first three effects /
Shock, Incapacitation and Hypothermia
Cold Shock !
Cold Shock !
1 - 10 – 1• Expect about 1 minute to get control of your
breathing
DON’T PANIC
• Concentrate on getting control of your breathing
• Figure out where you are and what you need to do to rescue yourself
At 43 seconds
Cold Water for ‘fun’
Cold Water for ‘fun’
Reality for most people
Reality for Canucks / Buckeyes
Reality for Canucks / Buckeyes
There is a risk of heart failure due to cold shock particularly if the person has an underlying heart condition.
Cold Shock Induced Heart Failure
Cold Shock Induced Heart Failure
Cold Incapacitation
1 - 10 – 1You have 10 minutes of meaningful movement to self rescue or prepare to wait it out to be rescued.
Cold Incapacitation• Body tries to decrease heat loss and
increase heat production
• Constriction of blood vessels in the limbs to decrease heat loss
• Shunting of blood to the core to maintain core body temperature
Cold Incapacitation
• Muscular failure
• Lose the ability to swim
• Lose the ability to maintain posture in the water
• Lose use of hands to perform survival tasks
Cold Incapacitation
Cold Incapacitation
Hypothermia
1 - 10 – 1Even in ice cold water (32 degrees F), an hour or more may be required for a person to become unconscious due to hypothermia IF a lifejacket or some other device eliminates the need for vigorous exercise to keep from drowning.
Hypothermia
Once a victim is unconscious, another hour or more may be required for the heart to stop if the head is kept above water (lifejacket worn) and the water is calm enough for waves not to wash over the mouth.
Our water is not cold !
Alcatraz‘ for killers too tough for steel walls alone to cage’
‘surrounded by freezing waters and hazardous currents’
‘most escapees never made it to the mainland, and usually turned back to be rescued from the freezing waters’
Frank Lee MorrisInmate 1441
John AnglinInmate 1476
Clarence AnglinInmate 1485
The Great escape on June 11 1962 … (and again with Clint Eastwood )
Our water is not cold
Lake Mead: Dec. through April average is under 60 F
Our water is not cold
Lake Pleasant, Arizona
Our water is not cold
Lake Pleasant, Arizona
Our water is not cold
Lake Pleasant, Arizona
Our water is not cold
Hawaii wins. Average temperature ranges from 75 in winter to 82 in summer.
Our water is not cold
Hawaii wins. Average temperature ranges from 75 in winter to 82 in summer.
Jim Howe: Operations Chief, Ocean Safety Division.
“ Most people associate hypothermia with cold climates. But hypothermia is possible in Hawaii, despite our warm waters and weather. People don't realize you can get hypothermia in our waters," It's not as severe as in cold climates, but it happens all the time.“
Dr. Libby Char, director of Emergency Services
"That's why in the ocean, you can (get) hypothermia so fast, just being wet."
Just how cold IS cold water ?
• Can be as warm as 68 to 77 F
• Body temperature is 98.6 F
• Real ‘at risk’ temperature is 68 F
• Cold shock prevalent at under 59F
• Shock increases as temperatures decrease
How has Boot Camp done ?
Research
Persuasion – Behavour & Attitude Change
• Changes in lifejacket usage• Changes in attitudes to lifejackets and cold water
Emotional Engagement & Entertainment
• Likeability• Specific likes/ dislikes• Emotional and entertainment attributes• Stop watching points• Participant ratings
Education• Informational /education attributes• New learning• Amount and type of information• Knowledge of “cold” water temp
Message Communication • Unaided main message • Aided specific message communication • Message believability / importance• Message clarity
5151
The CWBC program has a big impact on attitudes towards lifejackets, with the biggest shift regarding wearing of a lifejacket while boating.
Shift 1.29 1.16 1.13 -0.85 -0.94 0.78 0.49
Mean
10 – Strongly agree
1 – Strongly disagree
51=Sig. Dif.
Q: How much do you agree or disagree with the following? Base: Total (147)
Attitude Shift – PFD/ Lifejacket
5252
The biggest shift post viewing of the video is increased concern about cold water regardless of the season/ time of year. Respondents also feel more prepared about the event of a cold water immersion.
Attitude Shift – Cold Water
Shift -2 1.15 0.79 -0.78 -0.7
Mean
10 – Strongly agree
1 – Strongly disagree
=Sig. Dif.Q: How much do you agree or disagree with the following? Base: Total (147)
5353
Claimed PFD/ lifejacket usage improves following viewing of CWBC, with a significant increase in respondents saying they will always wear a PFD when boating.
=Sig. Dif.Q: How often do you personally wear a PFD when boating? Base: Total (147)
PFD Usage
Pre Pre ViewinViewin
gg
Post Post ViewinViewin
gg
Always/ Always/ UsuallyUsually
78%78% 89%89%
Rarely/ NeverRarely/ Never 10%10% 3%3%
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources +2,500 vessels onthe water
CWBC is mandatory viewing
for all on or near-water staff
ALL teams Hyper-prepared Known factors:
Rescue Swimmer / Recue Diver Boat crew Emergency Medical Personnel Air and Land Transport Teams
Hospital
Unknowns: Reaction of “Boot Camper” at entry Deterioration levels Condition at exit
Your awareness tools correlate well to expected presentations during Sea kayak / Canoe rescues and will be adapted into our rescue training - well done.
Our SAR team has a very active Water Rescue component; the info from this video would be very informative in training our members regarding cold water immersion of victims and our own personnel.
Approximately 20 % of severely hypothermic
victims die during or shortly after rescue
In WW 11, German Air Sea Rescue Services noted how aircrew who had ditched in the channel and were conscious and even aided in their own rescue became unconscious and died shortly after rescue.
Sixteen Danish fishermen were in the North Sea for 2-3 hours before being rescued. They walked across the deck of the rescue vessel and went down into the galley to warm up. Each and everyone collapsed and died in the galley.
There is no precise core temperature at which the human body perishes from cold
The lowest recorded core temperature in a surviving adult is 60.8 degrees.
In 1994, a two-year-old girl in Saskatchewan wandered out of her house into a minus-40 night. She was found near her doorstep the next morning, limbs frozen solid, her core temperature 57 degrees. She lived.
No one should be considered dead until they are warm and dead
RescueRecoveryRewarm
Taking boot camp “beyond” getting people
into lifejackets by providing a hands on
educational tool for first responders and the accidental rescuer
No previously healthy person should die from a cold water immersion or
hypothermic incident if they have been rescued, recovered and re-warmed appropriately and properly and in a
timely manner.
Weather report for our shoot dates.
An intense winter storm tracked across the Midwest on December 8 and 9. This storm produced widespread blizzard conditions. As the low tracked into the Great Lakes, a strong cold front swept through the Ohio Valley, dropping temperatures and bringing very gusty winds to much of the region. Highest Measured Wind Gusts 61 mph
on Location: the rescue crew
United States Coast Guard and Auxiliary Public Safety Water Rescue Teams Commercial / Industry Vessel Operators State Boating Law Enforcement Agents Army Corps of Engineers Personnel The ‘accidental rescuers ‘… the public
Triage and Treatment Fireside Chat Extraction Thermal protection realities
Special Notes For Recreational Boating Public
Cold Water Survival / Rescue Recover Re-warming hands-on course offered with Continuing
Education credits. by the National Water Safety Congress
DVD's for distribution direct to Boating and Water Safety Educators and First Responders
Web delivery and downloading
Cecilia Duer Executive ProducerInstructor TrainerExecutive Director
National Water Safety [email protected]
Michael Ulrich Jerry CraddockExecutive Producers
Instructor Trainerswww.watersafetycongress.org