Cold War Unfolds Let The War Begin! The Cold War gets HOT!!!!!!!!!!
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Transcript of Cold War Unfolds Let The War Begin! The Cold War gets HOT!!!!!!!!!!
Cold War UnfoldsCold War UnfoldsLet The War Begin! The Cold War Let The War Begin! The Cold War
gets HOT!!!!!!!!!!gets HOT!!!!!!!!!!
Two Sides Face OffTwo Sides Face Off East v. West – NATO v. WarsawEast v. West – NATO v. Warsaw Battle of Ideas – Democracy v. CommunismBattle of Ideas – Democracy v. Communism The US sees this as a global conflict just as the two world warsThe US sees this as a global conflict just as the two world wars Mostly non-violent conflict - Shooting wars do break-out in some Mostly non-violent conflict - Shooting wars do break-out in some
areasareas Berlin Wall – People were feeing the east to get to the more Berlin Wall – People were feeing the east to get to the more
prosperous westprosperous west As a result East Germany builds a wall to seal off the westAs a result East Germany builds a wall to seal off the west Berlin Wall was a massive barrier, topped with barbed wire and Berlin Wall was a massive barrier, topped with barbed wire and
patrolled by guards – showed that workers had to keep people from patrolled by guards – showed that workers had to keep people from fleeingfleeing
In Poland and Czechoslovakia uprisings In Poland and Czechoslovakia uprisings broke out against Communism and attempting broke out against Communism and attempting to break from the Warsaw Pactto break from the Warsaw Pact Soviets send in the Red Army to stop the Soviets send in the Red Army to stop the uprisings and kill the leadersuprisings and kill the leaders
Nuclear Weapons Threaten the Nuclear Weapons Threaten the WorldWorld
Arms Race – In order to deter the opposite side from using nuclear Arms Race – In order to deter the opposite side from using nuclear force both sides attempted to match the other resulting in a “Balance force both sides attempted to match the other resulting in a “Balance of Terror”of Terror”
Critics argued both sides could destroy the world several times overCritics argued both sides could destroy the world several times over SALT – Agreements to limit SALT – Agreements to limit
nuclear weaponsnuclear weapons SDI – Strategic Defense InitiativeSDI – Strategic Defense Initiative
Also called Star Wars – Shield in outer space designed to shoot Also called Star Wars – Shield in outer space designed to shoot down nukes from the Soviet Uniondown nukes from the Soviet Union
Détente – Relaxation of tensionsDétente – Relaxation of tensions Restrain the Soviets through diplomatic Restrain the Soviets through diplomatic relations rather than military meansrelations rather than military means
Nuclear Non-Proliferations Treaty – Agreed Nuclear Non-Proliferations Treaty – Agreed not to develop nuclear weapons not to develop nuclear weapons
Korean WarKorean War
BackgroundBackground After WWII – Korea is dividedAfter WWII – Korea is divided 3838thth Parallel is dividing point Parallel is dividing point North Korea – Soviet OccupiedNorth Korea – Soviet Occupied
Kim Il-sung – Leader of the North Kim Il-sung – Leader of the North
South Korea – US OccupiedSouth Korea – US Occupied Syngman Rhee – Leader of the SouthSyngman Rhee – Leader of the South
Communist InvasionCommunist Invasion
North Korean Army with Soviet Tanks North Korean Army with Soviet Tanks invade the Southinvade the South Control all of Korea except PusanControl all of Korea except Pusan
American and UN American and UN ResponseResponse
Why get involved?Why get involved? Not strategically essentialNot strategically essential If we don’t – Appear soft on CommunismIf we don’t – Appear soft on Communism
UN ResponseUN Response UN gets member countries to donate money, supplies , and UN gets member countries to donate money, supplies , and
troops to keep South Korea free from the Northtroops to keep South Korea free from the North Result: South Korea remains free of Communist controlResult: South Korea remains free of Communist control
Led by Gen. Douglas MacArthurLed by Gen. Douglas MacArthur Defended PusanDefended Pusan Attacked at InchonAttacked at Inchon Why?Why?
Cut supply linesCut supply lines US – Chase N. Koreans to Yalu River At Chinese BorderUS – Chase N. Koreans to Yalu River At Chinese Border MacArthur follows into China against ordersMacArthur follows into China against orders
Chinese ResponseChinese Response
Afraid of a US Air Base in N. KoreaAfraid of a US Air Base in N. Korea Result: China sends troops into N. Korea Result: China sends troops into N. Korea
because they are afraid of the gains we because they are afraid of the gains we mademade
Drive US led forces back to the 38Drive US led forces back to the 38thth ParallelParallel
Firing of MacArthurFiring of MacArthur
Disobeyed ordersDisobeyed orders Pursued Chinese into ChinaPursued Chinese into China Replaced by Matthew RidgewayReplaced by Matthew Ridgeway
Results and LegacyResults and Legacy
1953 Peace Treaty – 381953 Peace Treaty – 38thth Parallel continues to Parallel continues to be the dividing linebe the dividing line
Korea remains dividedKorea remains divided 2.5 mile buffer – demilitarized zone2.5 mile buffer – demilitarized zone
No troops or weaponsNo troops or weapons Symbol of the Cold WarSymbol of the Cold War
4 million deaths4 million deaths 55,000 US55,000 US 11stst war US did not win war US did not win
History and Background of History and Background of VietnamVietnam
Chinese Control of VietnamFrench Interest and Control - 1700sTradeTerritoryFrance Conquered Vietnam - 1883Combined Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam to form French IndochinaImpose harsh taxes and limit political freedomsNationalists - Vietnamese who have pride in their own culture begin to fight backTired of occupation and colonialism
Japan’s Control of IndochinaJapan’s Control of Indochina
Japan drives out France (WWII) - 1930sJapan drives out France (WWII) - 1930s Ho Chi Minh refuses Japanese RuleHo Chi Minh refuses Japanese Rule League for the Independence of Vietnam League for the Independence of Vietnam
(Vietminh) organized by Minh(Vietminh) organized by Minh Japan surrenders to the allies - 1945Japan surrenders to the allies - 1945 Who now controls Vietnam?Who now controls Vietnam? Minh declares independence of the Minh declares independence of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam - Sept.2 Democratic Republic of Vietnam - Sept.2 19451945
French Control of Vietnam, French Control of Vietnam, Again!Again!
France wants to control Vietnam - AgainFrance wants to control Vietnam - Again Eisenhower funds France - Fear of the Domino Eisenhower funds France - Fear of the Domino
TheoryTheory Vietnamese fight back using Guerrilla Warfare - Vietnamese fight back using Guerrilla Warfare -
Battle of Diem Bien Phu - 1954Battle of Diem Bien Phu - 1954 Vietnam defeats 12,000 French Vietnam defeats 12,000 French (7000 French Casualties)(7000 French Casualties) May 7, 1954 France SurrendersMay 7, 1954 France Surrenders Shows Vietnamese wouldn’t Shows Vietnamese wouldn’t stop fightingstop fighting
Geneva ConferenceGeneva Conference
Major world powers meet to decide the Major world powers meet to decide the future of Vietnam (Vietnam, Laos, future of Vietnam (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, US, USSR, China, etc…)Cambodia, US, USSR, China, etc…)
Split Vietnam into a north and southSplit Vietnam into a north and south Have elections in 1956 to reunite under 1 Have elections in 1956 to reunite under 1
governmentgovernment Never Takes placeNever Takes place
South VietnamSouth Vietnam
President Ngo Dinh DiemPresident Ngo Dinh Diem• Dishonest and Brutal - Imprisoned Critics, Dishonest and Brutal - Imprisoned Critics,
placed family members in government placed family members in government positions, isolated peasants from positions, isolated peasants from communism, Catholic - said everyone communism, Catholic - said everyone must follow (Buddhist country), protests must follow (Buddhist country), protests drew drew
national attentionnational attention• US supported the SouthUS supported the South
North VietnamNorth Vietnam
Leader Ho Chi MinhLeader Ho Chi Minh Made up of Nationalists and CommunistsMade up of Nationalists and Communists Favored social reforms and land Favored social reforms and land
redistributionredistribution Opposed by USOpposed by US
• National Liberation Front (NLF) and the National Liberation Front (NLF) and the VietcongVietcong
• NLF - Formed by Communists and peasantsNLF - Formed by Communists and peasants
Gulf of Tonkin IncidentGulf of Tonkin Incident
Attack on the USS Maddox - A spy shipAttack on the USS Maddox - A spy ship Excuse to deepen US involvementExcuse to deepen US involvement Following Attack US troops arrive in Following Attack US troops arrive in
VietnamVietnam
Legacy of the WarLegacy of the War
Longest and least successful in US historyLongest and least successful in US history Counting the CostsCounting the Costs
US-58,000 dead; 300,000 wounded; $150 bil.US-58,000 dead; 300,000 wounded; $150 bil. Vietnamese – More bombs than the Axis powers during Vietnamese – More bombs than the Axis powers during
WWII, countless civilians, and destroyed the countryWWII, countless civilians, and destroyed the country
SE Asia After the WarSE Asia After the War 1 reason for involvement was the Domino Theory – Laos 1 reason for involvement was the Domino Theory – Laos
and Cambodia falland Cambodia fall Cambodia falls to the Khmer Rouge lead by Pol Pot – Kills Cambodia falls to the Khmer Rouge lead by Pol Pot – Kills
as many as 1.5 million Cambodiansas many as 1.5 million Cambodians
Legacy cont.Legacy cont.
US After the WarUS After the War Many call for a reassessment of America’s global mission Many call for a reassessment of America’s global mission
– could we defend the world from Communist forces – could we defend the world from Communist forces everywhere?everywhere?
Veteran’s came home to less than a hero’s welcomeVeteran’s came home to less than a hero’s welcome No ParadesNo Parades Spat upon, insulted, baby-killers etc…Spat upon, insulted, baby-killers etc… Lack of jobs and trainingLack of jobs and training Little counselingLittle counseling 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was completed1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was completed
AfghanistanAfghanistan
Détente ends when the Soviets invade Détente ends when the Soviets invade AfghanistanAfghanistan
Considered Soviet Vietnam – Long Considered Soviet Vietnam – Long unsuccessful warunsuccessful war
US supports Afghan troops with weapons US supports Afghan troops with weapons and moneyand money
War provokes a moral crisis in Soviet War provokes a moral crisis in Soviet UnionUnion
Considered the Soviet VietnamConsidered the Soviet Vietnam
CubaCuba
Communist takeover led by CastroCommunist takeover led by CastroCuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisUS BlockadeUS BlockadeTrade EmbargoTrade Embargo