CNCS 2011 Congressional Budget Justification || Corporation for National and Community Service CBJ...

8/9/2019 CNCS 2011 Congressional Budget Justification || Corporation for National and Community Service CBJ 2011

1/96

GZ0>;;

Esp Mjvvjei? Jm~pewc Ljwcv,

Vxpcidxbci Femmsijxjcv, kih Gevxcp

Fjwjf Cidkdcmcix Xbpesdb Vcpwjfc

kih Welsixccpjid

Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei


2/96

;0>; Ict Zepa Kwcisc, IT

Tkvbjidxei, HF 0>303

0>0-7>7-3>>>

XXZ 0>0-7>7-6840

IkxjeiklVcpwjfc)dew

jigeNfiv)dew

Bet xe Vcpwc

Ki clcfxpeijf fe~z eg xbjv pc~epx jv kwkjlk`lc ei xbc tc` kx? ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%kèsx%`shdcx

Xbjv pc~epx jv ji xbc ~s ljf hemkji) Ksxbepjkxjei xe pc~pehsfc jx ji tbelc ep ji ~kpx jv dpkixch) Xbc fjxkxjei vbeslh c?

Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc GZ 0>>: Kiiskl Gjikifjkl Pc~epx, Tkvbjidxei, HF, 0>303)

Xe pc{scvx k ~pjixch fe~z eg xbjv pc~epx, e`xkji xbjv pc~epx ji k gepmkx xbkx jv kffcvvj`lc xe jihjwjhsklv tjxb hjvk jljxjcv ep

~pewjhc kiz gcch`kfa pcdkphjid xbjv pc~epx, ~lckvc feixkfx xbc Estfc eg xbc Fbjcg Gjikifjkl Estfcp ei 0>0* 7>7-3>>> ep kx

xbc khhpcvv iexch kèwc)

Vcijep Fep~vvcijepfep~v)dew

KmcpjFep~vkmcpjfep~v)dew

Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfklckpikihvcpwc)dew

FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

Jg zes kpc jixcpcvxch ji oejijid ep lckpijid mepc kèsx Fep~epkxjei

~pedpkmv, de xe ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew) Sihcp xbc Gep Jihjwjhsklv mcis,

fljfa ei Oeji Iet xe hjvfewcp tbjfb e~~epxsijxz jv pjdbx gep zes)


3/96

Mcvvkdc gpem xbc Kfxjid Fbjcg Crcfsxjwc Estfcp ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ;

EwcpwjctVsmmkpz eg GZ 0>;; @shdcx Pc{scvx ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6

Vsmmkpz eg GZ 0>>: Kffem~ljvbmcixv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 7

Jm~lcmcixkxjei eg Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) :

Fep~epkxjei Epdkijkxjeikl Fbkpx ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ;;

Fep~epkxjei Gjclh Estfcv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ;0

@jll Lkidskdc kih Kiklzvjv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ;6

@shdcx Pc{scvx kih ^cpgepmkifc Pc~epx@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;? KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ;4

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 0? KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 06

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 6? KmcpjFep~v IFFF ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6>

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 8? Vxkxc Khmjijvxpkxjei Dpkixv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 68

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 3? Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 67

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 7? Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 8>

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 4? Vcijep Fep~v PVW^ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 86

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 2? Vcijep Fep~v Gevxcp Dpkih~kpcixv ^pedpkm ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 87

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz :? Vcijep Fep~v Vcijep Fem~kijeiv ^pedpkm ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 82

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;>? Jiiewkxjei kih Hcmeivxpkxjei Kfxjwjxjcv Vs`xjxlc B* ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 3;

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;;? Hjvk`jljxz Dpkixv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 33

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;0? Xpkjijid kih Xcfbijfkl Kvvjvxkifc Vs`xjxlc O* ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 34

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;6? Cwklskxjei ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 7>

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;8? Vklkpjcv kih Cr~civcv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 76

Eggjfc eg Jiv~cfxep Dcicpkl ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 74

K~~cihjfcvK~~cihjr K? Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc K~~pe~pjkxjeiv Bjvxepz, ;::8-0>;; ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 48

K~~cihjr @? Vsmmkpz eg Fep~epkxjei ^pedpkmv kih Pc{scvxch Gsihjid gep 0>;; ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 44

K~~cihjr F? Vsmmkpz eg ^pedpkm @cicxv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 42

K~~cihjr H? Dpkixcc Mkxfb Pc{sjpcmcixv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 4:K~~cihjr C? KmcpjFep~v Mcm`cpv `z ^pedpkm Xz~c ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 2>

K~~cihjr G? KmcpjFep~v Mcm`cpv `z Vcpwjfc Xz~c ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 20

K~~cihjr D? KmcpjFep~v ^pedpkmv ewcp (3>>,>>> ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 26

K~~cihjr B? GZ 0>;; KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Gepmslk Dpkix Kllefkxjei ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 24

K~~cihjr J? Lckpi kih Vcpwjfc Kmcpjfk Dpkixcc Kllefkxjeiv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 22

Xk`lc eg Feixcixv

^KPX J

^KPX JJ

^KPX JJJ

^KPX JW

^KPX W



4/96

jj FIFV GZ 0>;> Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

Eggjfc eg Mkikdcmcix kih @shdcx ^KP ^jlex ^pedpkmXbc Fep~epkxjei fbevc xe ~pehsfc ki klxcpikxjwc xe xbc feiveljhkxch cpgepmkifc kih Kffesixk`jljxz

Pc~epx "^KP*, kv ksxbepjch sihcp xbc Estfc eg Mkikdcmcix kih @shdcx$v ^jlex ^pedpkm) ^kpxjfj~kxjei

ji xbc ~jlex ~pedpkm cik`lcv xbc Fep~epkxjei xe pc~epx ~cpgepmkifc hkxk lkxcp ji xbc zckp tbci kdcifz

hkxk jv mepc fem~lcxc) Xbc klxcpikxjwc jiflshcv xbc GZ 0>>: Kiiskl Gjikifjkl Pc~epx "jvvsch ji

Iewcm`cp 0>>:* kih xbjv hefsmcix, xbc GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei%GZ 0>>: Kiiskl

^cpgepmkifc Pc~epx) Xbc GZ 0>>: Kiiskl Gjikifjkl Pc~epx jv kwkjlk`lc ei xbc Fep~epkxjei$v tc`vjxc kx?

bxx~?%%ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%k`esx%pelcUjm~kfx%~cpgepmkifc)kv~) Xbc GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl

@shdcx Osvxjfkxjei%GZ 0>>: Kiiskl ^cpgepmkifc Pc~epx jv kwkjlk`lc kx?

bxx~?%%ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%`shdcx)

Hkxk WkljhjxzXbc Fep~epkxjeiv ~pedpkm ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv pc~epxch ji xbjv pc~epx kpc hcpjwch gpem xte vespfcv

kdcifz dpkixccv kih exbcp gchcpkl kdcifjcv) Gjikifjkl ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv kpc hcpjwch tjxbji xbc kdcifz

`kvch ei hkxk ji xbc ikifjkl vzvxcm eg pcfeph) Ie mkxxcp xbc vespfc, xbc Fep~epkxjei ~pewjhcv ikifjkl kih

~cpgepmkifc hkxk xbkx jv fem~lcxc kih pcljk`lc, crfc~x tbcpc v~cfjfkllz iexch) Ji GZ 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei

feixjisch jxv cepxv xe jm~pewc hkxk fellcfxjei kfpevv kll ~pedpkmv, tbjfb pcvslxch ji jm~pewcmcixv ji hkxk

kwkjlk`jljxz kih hkxk {skljxz) Xbc kdcifz feixjisch xe mkac jm~pewcmcixv ji esp dpkixcc meijxepjid kih ji

xbc cpgepmkifc Mckvspcmcix Hkxk`kvc Vzvxcm, tbjfb jv svch xe xpkfa kdcifz ~cpgepmkifc mcxpjfv)


5/96

J km ~lckvch xe ~pcvcix xbc GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei gep

xbc Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc)

Ji GZ 0>;;, xbc Fep~epkxjei pc{scvxv (;)8;7 jlljei, tbjfb tjll cik`lc xbc Fep~epkxjei xe feixjisc xe

jm~lcmcix xbc vjdijfkix cr~kivjeiv kih jm~pewcmcixv feixkjich ji xbc Chtkph M) Aciichz Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Kfx, vxpcidxbci esp ikxjeiv fjwjf jigpkvxpsfxspc, kih cidkdc mepc Kmcpjfkiv ji velwjid fpjxjfkl

~pe`lcmv xbpesdb vcpwjfc)

Xbjv pc{scvx sjlhv ei xbc vxpeid kih hcfjvjwc vs~~epx ~pewjhch `z xbc ^pcvjhcix kih Feidpcvv lkvx zckp

xbpesdb xbc ~kvvkdc eg xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx kih xbc Fep~epkxjeiv GZ 0>;> shdcx) Jx pccfxv xbc

Khmjijvxpkxjeiv `cljcg, vbkpch `z `j~kpxjvki dewcpiepv kih mkzepv kfpevv xbc fesixpz, xbkx vcpwjfc jvix

vcfeihkpz ep vc~kpkxc gpem kfbjcwjid ikxjeikl ~pjepjxjcv1 jxv cvvcixjkl xe kfbjcwjid xbcm)

Xbc pc{scvx femcv kx k fpjxjfkl memcix eg `exb icch kih e~~epxsijxz gep ikxjeikl vcpwjfc) Xbc cfeiemjf

hetixspi feixjiscv xe fksvc bkphvbj~ gep mjlljeiv eg Kmcpjfkiv, kih mkiz iei~pexv gkfc jifpckvch

hcmkihv tjxb hcfljijid pcvespfcv) @sx ji xbcvc xesdb xjmcv, xbcpc jv vxpeid memcixsm gep fjxjci vcpwjfc

welsixccpjid jv ei xbc pjvc, KmcpjFep~v k~~ljfkxjeiv bkwc vazpefacxch, vefjkl cixpc~pcicspv kpc pchcijid

vcpwjfc, kih xcfbieledz jv ~pewjhjid ict tkzv gep fjxjciv xe cidkdc kih feiicfx)

Xbc GZ 0>;; pc{scvx tjll `sjlh ei xbjv memcixsm kih gevxcp bjdbcp lcwclv eg jiiewkxjei, fellk`epkxjei, kih

jm~kfx ji Kmcpjfkv welsixkpz vcfxep) Jx vs~~epxv k vjdijfkix cr~kivjei eg KmcpjFep~v xe k~~perjmkxclz

;>3,>>> mcm`cpv, gefsvcv vcpwjfc ei xkfaljid xesdb ikxjeikl jvvscv, cr~kihv vcpwjfc e~~epxsijxjcv gep

vxshcixv kih vcijepv, kih vfklcv s~ esp jiwcvxmcix ji fsxxjid-chdc femmsijxz velsxjeiv xbpesdb xbc Vefjkl

Jiiewkxjei Gsih) Jx klve sjlhv xbc fk~kfjxz eg iei~pexv kfpevv xbc fesixpz xe cxxcp sxjljc welsixccpv z

jifpckvjid vs~~epx gep xpkjijid, xcfbieledz, pcfpsjxmcix, kih elvxcpv ccfxjwc cidkdcmcix eg fjwjf-mjihch

Kmcpjfkiv xbpesdb xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih)

Xbc pc{scvx klve vxpcidxbciv xbc Fep~epkxjeiv jigepmkxjei xcfbieledz kih mkikdcmcix jigpkvxpsfxspc,

bcl~jid xbc Fep~epkxjei kfbjcwc bjdbcp lcwclv eg cstfjcifz, fevx-ccfxjwcicvv, kih mkikdcmcix crfcllcifc,

kih civspjid xbkx tc bkwc xbc fk~kfjxz xe vs~~epx xbc leidcp-xcpm cr~kivjei ciwjvjeich z xbc pcvjhcix

kih xbc Feidpcvv) Kv xbc Fep~epkxjei mewcv xe k ict 0>;;-0>;3 Vxpkxcdjf lki, xbc shdcx cr~kihv xbc

Fep~epkxjeiv k`jljxz xe mckvspc ~cpgepmkifc xbpesdb vxkihkphjch mcxpjfv kv fkllch gep ji xbc Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Kfx)


Mc vv kd c gp em xb c FC E ^K

Mcvvkdc gpem xbc

Kfxjid Fbjcg Crcfsxjwc Eggjfcp

Gc`pskpz 0>;>


6/96

Kv xbc ikxjeiv lkpdcvx dpkixmkacp gep vcpwjfc kih welsixccpjid, xbc Fep~epkxjei ~lkzv k fpjxjfkl pelc ji

`sjlhjid xbc fk~kfjxz eg Kmcpjfk$v iei~pex vcfxep kih cr~kihjid xbc pckfb kih jm~kfx eg welsixccpv ji

khhpcvvjid ~pcvvjid vefjkl ~pe`lcmv) Lkvx vfkl zckp, xbc Fep~epkxjei cidkdch ki cvxjmkxch 3)3 mjlljei

Kmcpjfkiv ji vcpwjfc, xbc lkpdcvx xexkl ji esp bjvxepz) Xbc icchv kpc dpckx, Kmcpjfkiv kpc ckdcp xe vcpwc, kih

cikfxmcix eg xbjv shdcx tjll cik`lc xbc Fep~epkxjei xe bkpicvv xbc cicpdz kih jidcisjxz eg fjxjciv xe

mccx fpjxjfkl icchv ji esp femmsijxjcv kih ikxjei)

Ji Vcpwjfc,

Ijfelk E) Depci

Kfxjid Fbjcg Crcfsxjwc Estfcp

0 FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

^KPX J Mc vv kd c gp em xb c FC E


7/96

Xbc Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc xbc Fep~epkxjei* ~lkzv k wjxkl pelc ji vs~~epxjid xbc

Kmcpjfki fslxspc eg fjxjcivbj~, vcpwjfc kih pcv~eivj`jljxz) Kv xbc ikxjeiv lkpdcvx dpkix mkacp ji xbc kpck eg

vcpwjfc kih welsixccpjid, xbc Fep~epkxjei ~pemexcv vcpwjfc kpesih xbc fesixpz kih bcl~v epdkijkxjeiv

cidkdc welsixccpv ccfxjwclz) Vjifc ;::6, xbc Fep~epkxjei bkv e~cpkxch xbpcc mkoep ~pedpkmv KmcpjFep~v,

Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk, kih Vcijep Fep~v) Mcm`cpv kih welsixccpv tbe vcpwc ji Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv

~pewjhc wjxkl kvvjvxkifc xe xbcjp femmsijxjcv xbpesdb lefkl jivxjxsxjeiv) Xbcvc jivxjxsxjeiv jiflshc? iei~pexv,

A-;0 vfbeelv, jivxjxsxjeiv eg bjdbcp lckpijid, gkjxb-`kvch kih exbcp femmsijxz epdkijkxjeiv, kv tcll kv lefkl

kih msijfj~kl dewcpimcix)

GZ 0>;; @shdcx Pc{scvx kih ^cpgepmkifc ^lkiEi K~pjl 0;, 0>>:, ^pcvjhcix @kpkfa E`kmk vjdich xbc Chtkph M) Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx, tbjfb

pcksxbepjch kih vjdijfkixlz cr~kihch xbc ~pedpkmv khmjijvxcpch z xbc Fep~epkxjei) Xbc Kfx klve fbkpdcv

xbc Fep~epkxjei tjxb khwkifjid ikxjeikl vcpwjfc kv k velsxjei xe esp mevx ~pcvvjid ikxjeikl fbkllcidcv) Xbc

^pcvjhcixv @shdcx ~pe~evcv (;)8;7 `jlljei gep xbc Fep~epkxjei, ki jifpckvc eg (077 mjlljei gpem xbc cikfxch

GZ 0>;> lcwcl) Xbjv pc{scvx tjll ~pewjhc Kmcpjfkiv eg kll kdcv xbc e~~epxsijxz xe vcpwc) Jx klve civspcv xbkx xbjv

vcpwjfc jv gefsvch ei fpckxjid pckl jm~kfx ji esp femmsijxjcv `z fslxjwkxjid kih cr~kihjid xbc `cvx mehclv eg

vcpwjfc kih vefjkl jiiewkxjei)

Xbjv @shdcx pc{scvx?

J Jifpckvcv xbc ism`cp eg KmcpjFep~v ikxjeikl vcpwjfc ~kpxjfj~kixv vcpwjid kfpevv xbc Fep~epkxjei xe

k~~perjmkxclz ;>3,>>> ji GZ 0>;;) Xbjv lcwcl jv ki jifpckvc eg pesdblz 0>,>>> ewcp xbc ~lkiich GZ 0>;>

lcwcl) Xbjv jiflshcv 0,>>> Vsmmcp eg Vcpwjfc ~kpxjfj~kixv)

J Cr~kihv KmcpjFep~v IFFF xe jifpckvc xbc ~pedpkmv k`jljxz xe pcv~eih xe hjvkvxcpv kpesih xbc

fesixpz kih kjh ji leid-xcpm pcfewcpz cepxv)

J Vs~~epxv cmcpdjid lckhcpvbj~ ji let-jifemc femmsijxjcv xbpesdb Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfkv

Vsmmcp eg Vcpwjfc ~pedpkm, cm~lezjid xbcm kv kvvcxv xe jm~pewc xbcjp jihjwjhskl femmsijxjcv kih

jm~pewjid xbcjp lckhcpvbj~ vajllv kih kfkhcmjf cidkdcmcix) Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve tjll feixjisc xbc ;>-

zckp leidjxshjikl vxshz ei xbc jm~kfx eg Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk ~pedpkmmjid)

J Cr~kihv xbc Fep~epkxjeiv fk~kfjxz xe mckvspc kih xpkfa ~cpgepmkifc kih esxfemcv ji xbc

kddpcdkxc, jiflshjid xbc hcwcle~mcix eg vxkihkphjch ~cpgepmkifc mcxpjfv)

J ^pewjhcv gsihjid xe iei~pexv xbpesdb xbc Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih xe xcvx ~pemjvjid ict

k~~pekfbcv xe mkoep fbkllcidcv, lcwcpkdc ~pjwkxc kih gesihkxjei fk~jxkl xe mccx xbcvc icchv, kih dpet

cwjhcifc-`kvch ~pedpkmv)

J Vs~~epxv xbc pcfpsjxmcix kih mkikdcmcix eg welsixccpv xbpesdb xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih ,

k icfcvvkpz jiwcvxmcix kv xbc Fep~epkxjei ~pewjhcv ki ei-pkm~ xe k ljgcxjmc eg vcpwjfc xe mepc

Kmcpjfkiv)

J Mkacv v~cfjf cibkifcmcixv xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv JX jigpkvxpsfxspc xe vs~~epx `exb dpetxb kih

crfcllcifc ji xbc Fep~epkxjeiv ~pedpkmv)

6FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> ;; @s hd cx Pc {s cv x ki h ^cp ge pm ki fc ^l ki ^K

Ewcpwjct


8/96

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (822)>66 mjlljei jv k fpjxjfkl jiwcvxmcix ji

xbc Fep~epkxjei xbkx tjll kllet k ~lkiich :8,34> KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv xe mkac ki jixcivjwc femmjxmcix xe

ikxjeikl vcpwjfc xbkx bkv jm~kfx ji xbc femmsijxjcv xbcz vcpwc kih cr~kihv e~~epxsijxjcv gep k ict

dcicpkxjei eg lckhcpv)

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (:2 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx k ~lkiich 4,773 gsll-xjmc kih

vsmmcp KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv tbe tjll lcwcpkdc ki khhjxjeikl ;)6 mjlljei welsixccpv) Xbc Fep~epkxjei

tjll gefsv KmcpjFep~v WJVXK dpkix mkajid ei lefkl cfeiemjf dpetxb, oe` fpckxjei, besvjid, kv tcll kv fpchjx

kih kvvcx hcwcle~mcix)

KmcpjFep~v Ikxjeikl Fjwjljki Femmsijxz Fep~v?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (68)3:6 mjlljei tjll

vs~~epx k ~lkiich ;,0:3 gsll-xjmc IFFF mcm`cpv vcpwjid ckfb meixb 8> ~cpfcix mepc xbki xbc GZ 0>;>

lcwcl tbe tjll fem~lcxc ki cvxjmkxch 740 ~peocfxv kfpevv xbc ikxjei) Xbc jifpckvc ji mcm`cpv vs~~epxv xbc

Fep~epkxjeiv cepxv xe cxxcp sxjljc xbc ~pedpkmv fkm~sv vxpsfxspc ji ephcp xe jifpckvc jxv jm~kfx ji

femmsijxjcv)


^KPX J Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> ;; @s hd cx Pc {s cv x ki h ^c pg ep mk if c ^l ki

CikfxchGZ 0>>: GZ 0>>: GZ 0>;> GZ0>;; Hjcpcifc

Kffesix Cikfxch Pcfewcpz Kfx Cikfxch Pc{scvx ( #

E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv (2;;,76: (;:8,>>> (;,>38,>0; (;,0:4,327 (086,373 06);#

Kllefkxjeiv?

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl (04;,;:7 2:,>>> (640,384 (822,>66 (;;3,827 6;)>#KmcpjFep~v WJVXK :7,>3> 73,>>> ::,>48 :2,>>> (;,>48* -;);#

KmcpjFep~v IFFF 04,3>> 0:,>>> 68,3:6 (3,3:6 ;:)6#

Vxkxc Femmjvvjei Khmji Dpkixv; ;;,4:> ;4,>>> ;2,>>> (;,>>> 3):#

Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx ;6;,>43 8>,>>> ;:4,>>> 0:6,770 (:7,770 8:);#

Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk 64,83: 6:,3>> 8>,;:2 (7:2 ;)2#

Vcijep Fep~v 0;6,423 00>,:>> 00;,;>> (0>> >);#

PVW^ 32,780 76,>>> 76,>>> (> >)>#

Gevxcp Dpkih~kpcixv pedpkm ;>2,::: ;;>,::7 ;;;,;>> (;>8 >);#

Vcijep Fem~kijei pedpkm 87,;88 87,:>8 84,>>> (:7 >)0#

Vs`xjxlc B0 ;8,436 7>,3>> 44,>>> (;7,3>> 04)6#

Jiiewkxjei, Hcmeivxpkxjei, ' Exbcp ;8,436 3,3>> 7,>>> (3>> :);#

Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih i%k 3>,>>> 7>,>>> (;>,>>> 0>)>#

Welsixccp Dc icpkxjei Gsih; i%k 8,>>> ;>,>>> (7,>>> ;3>)>#

Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Gclletvbj~v; ;,>>> (;,>>>

Iei~pex Fk~kfjxz @sjlhjid ^pedpkm; i%k ;,>>> (;,>>>* -;>>)>#

Cwklskxjei 6,2:; 7,>>> 2,>>> (0,>>> 66)6#

Xpkjijid % Xcfbijfkl Kvvjvxkifc;,6 i%k 4,3>> ;6,>>> (3,3>> 46)6#

Hjvk`jljxz Dpkixv 8,;8> 3,>>> 7,>>> (;,>>> 0>)>#

Vklkpjcv kih Cr~civcv 4;,4;3 7,>>> 22,>>> ;>:,>>> (0;,>>> 06):#

Estfc eg xbc Jiv~cfxep Dcicpkl 7,3;0 ;,>>> 4,4>> :,>>> (;,6>> ;7):#

Xexkl (22:,277 (0>;,>>> (;,;8:,40; (;,8;3,327 (073,273 06);#

; Xbc GZ 0>;; pc{scvx pccfxv ki kmesix pc{scvxch xbkx hjcpv gpem ki kmesix xbki teslh c ~pewjhch sihcp xbc ~pewjvjeiv eg xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx)0 Xbc GZ 0>;; pc{scvx pccfxv k vc~kpkxc kllefkxjei eg gsihjid gep Hjvk`jljxz Dpkixv kv ~pewjhch z xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx)6 Pccfxv k vc~kpkxc kllefkxjei eg gsihjid gep Xpkjijid ' Xcfbijfkl Kvvjvxkifc Vs`xjxlc O* kv ~pewjhch z xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx) Xpkjijid kih xcfbijfkl kvvjvxkifc kfxjwjxjcv

tcpc ~pcwjesvlz gsihch z ki kllefkxjei gpem ckfb eg xbc kdcifzv ~pedpkmv) Xbc shdcx gep GZ 0>>: tkv (4); mjlljei)

Xk`lc ;) Pc{scvx Vsmmkpz hellkpv ji xbesvkihv*


9/96

Vxkxc Vcpwjfc Femmjvvjeiv?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (;2 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx xbc cr~kihch

khmjijvxpkxjwc kih ewcpvjdbx gsifxjeiv eg xbc Femmjvvjeiv gelletjid xbc ~kvvkdc eg xbc Aciichz Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Kfx kv tcll kv xbc jifpckvch ism`cp eg KmcpjFep~v ~pedpkmv kih mcm`cpv mkikdch z ckfb

Femmjvvjei)

Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (8>);:2 mjlljei tjll ~pewjhc feixjisch vs~~epx gep

vcpwjfc-lckpijid ~pedpkmv ji esp ikxjei$v vfbeelv, jiflshjid (; mjlljei gep k Vsmmcp eg Vcpwjfc ~pedpkm xbkxtjll cidkdc 0,>>> cmcpdjid lckhcpv ji let-jifemc kpckv) Xbc pc{scvx klve jiflshcv (; mjlljei gep feixjisch

gsihjid eg xbc Fep~epkxjeiv ;>-zckp leidjxshjikl vxshz ei xbc jm~kfx eg vcpwjfc-lckpijid)

Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (0:6)770 mjlljei tjll gsih Vcdkl KmcpjFep~v Chsfkxjei

Ktkphv gep cljdj`lc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv tbe fem~lcxc xbcjp xcpmv eg vcpwjfc) Xbc mkrjmsm chsfkxjei ktkph

tjll jifpckvc gpem (3,63> xe (3,33>) Xbjv pc{scvx klve tjll gsih (3>> chsfkxjei ktkphv gep cljdj`lc Vsmmcp eg

Vcpwjfc ~pedpkm ~kpxjfj~kixv)

Vcijep Fep~v?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx gep xbc xbpcc Vcijep Fep~v ~pedpkmv jv (00;); mjlljei kih tjll gsih

ki cvxjmkxch 832,;>> welsixccpv kfpevv kll xbpcc ~pedpkmv)

J PVW^?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (76 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx k~~perjmkxclz 8;8,3>> PVW^ welsixccpv

kfpevv 47; ~peocfxv) Welsixccpv tjll vcpwc ewcp 7> mjlljei bespv ji xbcjp femmsijxjcv kih pcfpsjx ki

cvxjmkxch 7;,>>> khhjxjeikl welsixccpv)

J Gevxcp Dpkih~kpcix ^pedpkm?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (;;;); mjlljei tjll kllet 02,8>> GD^

welsixccpv xe ~pewjhc 08); mjlljei bespv eg vcpwjfc xe 03>,3>> fbjlhpci kih zesxb tjxb crfc~xjeikl icchv)

J Vcijep Fem~kijei ^pedpkm?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (84 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx k~~perjmkxclz

;3,0>> VF^ welsixccpv tbe tjll ~pewjhc ewcp ;0 mjlljei bespv eg fkpc kih pcv~jxc vcpwjfcv xe 72,>>> gpkjl

vcijepv kih xbcjp fkpcdjwcpv)

Jiiewkxjei, Hcmeivxpkxjei, kih Kvvjvxkifc?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (44 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx crjvxjid

~peocfxv kih ict jijxjkxjwcv cikfxch ji xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx kjmch kx jifpckvjid xbc fk~kfjxz eg

iei~pexv xe sxjljc welsixccpv ccfxjwclz, v~sppjid jiiewkxjei ji xbc ~s`ljf vcfxep, kih fpckxjid ict tkzv gep

jihjwjhsklv xe vcpwc) V~cfjfkllz, xbc Fep~epkxjei pc{scvxv (7> mjlljei gep xbc Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih, (;>

mjlljei gep xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei, kih (7 mjlljei ji gsihjid gep jijxjkxjwcv vsfb kv xbc :%;; Hkz eg Vcpwjfc

kih Pcmcm`pkifc kih xbc Fkll xe Vcpwjfc Fkm~kjdi) Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve pc{scvxv (; mjlljei xe ~jlex k Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Gclletvbj~ ~pedpkm)

Hjvk`jljxz Dpkixv?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (7 mjlljei tjll gsih dpkixv xkpdcxch kx jifpckvjid xbc

ktkpcicvv eg kih kffcvv xe ikxjeikl vcpwjfc ~pedpkmv kmeid ~ce~lc tjxb hjvk`jljxjcv)

Xpkjijid kih Xcfbijfkl Kvvjvxkifc?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (;6 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx xpkjijid kih

xcfbijfkl kvvjvxkifc vcpwjfcv xe ~pedpkmv kih cixjxjcv pcfcjwjid ep k~~lzjid gep ikifjkl vs~~epx gpem xbc

Fep~epkxjei) Jx klve tjll ~pewjhc fk~kfjxz `sjlhjid vs~~epx xe xbc iei~pex vcfxep kx lkpdc)

Cwklskxjei?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (2 mjlljei tjll vs~~epx cr~kihch ji-hc~xb cwklskxjeiv kihkvvcvvmcixv eg xbc ~cpgepmkifc kih jm~kfx eg Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv) Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve tjll feixjisc xe

vs~~epx xbc Welsixccpjid ji Kmcpjfk Vxshz kih Fjwjf Bcklxb Jihcr)

Vklkpjcv kih Cr~civcv?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (;>: mjlljei tjll vs~~epx jifpckvch vxkstid kih

vjdijfkix jm~pewcmcixv xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv JX jigpkvxpsfxspc xe vs~~epx xbc cr~kivjei ji kdcifz

~pedpkmmjid)


Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> ;; @s hd cx Pc {s cv x ki h ^cp ge pm ki fc ^l ki ^K


10/96

Estfc eg Jiv~cfxep Dcicpkl?Xbc GZ 0>;; @shdcx pc{scvx eg (: mjlljei tjll c gefsvch ei kpckv jixcihch xe

cibkifc xbc mkikdcmcix kih ewcpkll ~cpgepmkifc eg xbc Fep~epkxjei)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei jv fsppcixlz hpkgxjid jxv 0>;; 0>;3 Vxpkxcdjf ^lki, jigepmch `z xbc ~lkiijid kih

jm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx) Feivc{scixlz, jx jv iex ~evvj`lc xe ~pewjhc k gsll, hcxkjlch

~cpgepmkifc ~lki gep GZ 0>;; kx xbjv xjmc) Eifc fem~lcxc ji gkll 0>;>, xbc ~lki tjll jiflshc ict kih pcwjvch

~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv kih xkpdcxv gep kll ~pedpkmv kih ~pewjhc xbc gpkmctepa xbpesdb tbjfb xbc kdcifz tjlljivxjxsxc fpjxjfkl pcgepmv xe jxv e~cpkxjeiv kih epdkijkxjeikl vxpsfxspcv) Xbcvc pcgepmv kpc cr~cfxch xe jifpckvc

cstfjcifz kih ccfxjwcicvv kih jiflshc feiveljhkxch k~~ljfkxjei kih pc~epxjid ~pefchspcv gep esp dpkixccv, k

vxpckmljich dpkix mkajid ~pefcvvcv, kih jifpckvch crj`jljxz xe ~pewjhc fem~pcbcivjwc xpkjijid kih xcfbijfkl

kvvjvxkifc kfpevv kdcifz ~pedpkmv)

Xbc ~cpgepmkifc ~lki ji xbjv `shdcx pc{scvx fewcpv acz kpckv jiflshch ji xbc fsppcix vxpkxcdjf ~lki kih xbc

Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx, jiflshjid welsixccp me`jljkxjei, vs~~epx kih kvvjvxkifc xe xbc iei~pex vcfxep,

kih vcpwjfc xkpdcxjid hjvkhwkixkdch Kmcpjfkiv kih hjvxpcvvch femmsijxjcv)

Vsmmkpz eg GZ 0>>: Kffem~ljvbmcixv

Ji Gc`pskpz 0>>7, xbc Fep~epkxjei khe~xch k Vxpkxcdjf ^lki gep GZ 0>>7 xbpesdb GZ 0>;>"bxx~?%%ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%kèsx%gefsvUkpckv%jihcr)kv~*) Xbc ~lki jhcixjcv wc acz vxpkxcdjf jijxjkxjwcv

xbkx pccfx cmcpdjid hcmedpk~bjf, vefjkl, kih cfeiemjf xpcihv xpcihv xbkx ~evc èxb fbkllcidcv kih

e~~epxsijxjcv gep xbc ikxjei?

J Me`jljc Mepc Welsixccpv) Jifpckvc xbc ewcpkll ism`cp eg welsixccpv kih xbc jixcivjxz eg welsixccpjid1

J Civspc k @pjdbxcp Gsxspc gep Kll eg Kmcpjfkv Zesxb) ^pewjhc mcixepv xe hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb kih

cidkdc vsfb zesxb ji vcpwjfc1

J Cidkdc Vxshcixv ji Femmsijxjcv) Jifpckvc welsixccpjid kmeid kll vxshcixv gpem ajihcpdkpxci

xbpesdb fellcdc kih cr~kih xbc svc eg vcpwjfc-lckpijid ji vfbeelv1

J Bkpicvv @k`z @eemcpv Cr~cpjcifc) Cr~kih welsixccpjid kmeid @k`z @eemcpv kih ~pewjhc gpkjl

clhcplz ~ce~lc tjxb bcl~ xe pcmkji ljwjid jihc~cihcixlz1 kih

J Vs~~epx Hjvkvxcp ^pc~kpchicvv kih Pcv~eivc) @sjlh ikxjeikl, vxkxc, kih lefkl hjvkvxcp pcv~eivc

fk~kfjxz z svjid welsixccpv)

Kv vbeti ji Xk`lc 0 ei xbc gelletjid ~kdc, xbc Fep~epkxjei mcx ep crfcchch jxv ~cpgepmkifc xkpdcxv ei vjr eg

cjdbx mckvspcv gep tbjfb hkxk tkv kwkjlk`lc) Xbc kdcifz ktkphch kih mkikdch ickplz (4>> mjlljei ji dpkixv

xe vxkxcv kih xbc iei~pex vcfxep ji vs~~epx eg fjwjf cidkdcmcix kih ji pcv~eivc xe xbc cfeiemjf hetixspi

kih exbcp vcpjesv fbkllcidcv gkfjid xbc ikxjei) Xbc Fep~epkxjei cidkdch ewcp 3)3 mjlljei Kmcpjfkiv ji pcvslxv-

hpjwci vcpwjfc ji GZ 0>>: xbc lkpdcvx xexkl ji xbc kdcifzv bjvxepz, jiflshjid k pcfeph ; mjlljei welsixccpv

cidkdch ji xbc kdcifzv Mkpxji Lsxbcp Ajid, Op) dpkix ~pedpkmv)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei ~lkfch dpckxcp cm~bkvjv ei cr~kihjid pcfpsjxmcix kih jm~pewjid xbc mkikdcmcix eg

welsixccpv ji xbc dsjhkifc jvvsch ~pjep xe kih gelletjid dpkix fem~cxjxjeiv) Xbc kdcifz klve cr~kihch cepxv

xe dcicpkxc welsixccpv, ikifjkl kih ji-ajih vs~~epx gpem xbc `svjicvv femmsijxz gpem Gepxsic 3>>

fem~kijcv xe vmkll `svjicvvcv xe bcl~ vs~~epx epdkijkxjeiv kih kdcifjcv xe cr~kih xbcjp welsixccp `kvc)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei crfcchch kll ~cpgepmkifc xkpdcxv ji xbc kpck eg mcixepjid kih ~pewjhjid vcpwjfc

e~~epxsijxjcv xe hjvkhwkixkdch fbjlhpci kih zesxb, pccfxjid xbc Fep~epkxjeiv bjdblz gefsvch cepxv xe

~pemexc xbjv kfxjwjxz kmeid jxv dpkixccv) Jx klve pccfxv xbkx kdcifzv cm~bkvjv ei cidkdjid vsfb zesxb ji

{skljxz vcpwjfc-lckpijid cr~cpjcifcv ji ki kxxcm~x xe jifpckvc èxb fjwjf kih kfkhcmjf cidkdcmcix) Xbc


^KPX J Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> >: Kf fe m~ lj vb mc ix v


11/96

Fep~epkxjei bkv hcwexch vjdijfkix pcvespfcv xe xbjv kpck kfpevv ~pedpkmv kih fpckxch ~kpxicpvbj~v tjxb

vcwcpkl epdkijkxjeiv xe cr~kih mcixepjid vcpwjfcv kfpevv xbc fesixpz)

Gep crkm~lc, xbc kdcifz fe-v~eivepv xbc Ikxjeikl Mcixepjid Meixb fkm~kjdi ckfb zckp, ~kpxicpjid tjxb xbc

Bkpwkph Mcixepjid peocfx, MCIXEP, kih mepc xbki 3> ikxjeikl epdkijkxjeiv, tbjfb feephjikxc lefkl

fkm~kjdi kfxjwjxjcv kfpevv xbc fesixpz kih ~pemexc xbc wklsc eg mcixepjid kih welsixccp pcfpsjxmcix)

Xbc ~cpfcix eg Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk LVK* dpkixccv xbkx bkwc khe~xch acz ~pkfxjfcv jv cr~cfxch xe

jifpckvc ji GZ 0>>: fem~kpch xe ~pcwjesv zckpv, sx jv iex cr~cfxch xe mccx xbc cvxk`ljvbch xkpdcx) Xbc

Fep~epkxjei bkv gefsvch ei vcpwjid ict vfbeelv kih cidkdjid hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb ji jxv LVK ~pedpkmmjid,

tbjfb mkz bkwc pcvslxch ji xbjv hcfljic)

Xbc ism`cp eg fljcixv kih fkpcdjwcpv pcfcjwjid vs~~epx kih pcv~jxc ji GZ 0>>: xbpesdb kdcifz ~pedpkmv gcll

vbepx eg xbc xkpdcx ~pjmkpjlz kv k pcvslx eg k vbjgx ji KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ktkz gpem xbjv kpck) Jivxckh, xbc ~pedpkm

gefsvch ei mccxjid xbc icchv eg ~eep Kmcpjfkiv ji k heti cfeiemz) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv tcpc

~peocfxch xe ~pewjhc vcpwjfcv xe ;83,>>> fljcixv ji GZ 0>>: `sx vcpwch eilz 83,>>> `z zckpv cih)

Mkikdcmcix pcgepm tkv k acz gefsv ji GZ 0>>: kih xbc Fep~epkxjei kfbjcwch vsffcvv ji vcwcpkl jm~epxkix

kpckv) Gep xbc xcixb feivcfsxjwc zckp, xbc Fep~epkxjei ckpich ki si{skljch e~jijei ei jxv ikifjkl

vxkxcmcixv) Xbc feivjvxcifz eg xbjv pcvslx kfpevv xbc ~kvx hcfkhc hcmeivxpkxcv xbc femmjxmcix eg vxk kih

xbc Fep~epkxjeiv lckhcpvbj~ xe civspjid gsll kffesixk`jljxz, jm~pewjid dpkixv ewcpvjdbx, vxpcidxbcijid jixcpikl

feixpelv, kih vxk`jljjid kdcifz JX vzvxcmv)


Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> >: Kf fe m~ lj vb mc ix v ^K

GZ 0>>: GZ 0>>:Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwc kih cpgepmkifc Mckvspc Xkpdcx Kfxskl

Me`jljc Mepc Welsixccpv

Ism`cp eg welsixccpv vs~~epxch z Fep~epkxjei-v~eivepch ~pedpkmv 8,:32,>>> 3,367,07; Jjiflshjid Fep~epkxjeiv ~pedpkm mcm`cpv, ~kpxjfj~kixv, welsixccpv,kih lcwcpkdch femmsijxz welsixccpv*

Civspc k @pjdbxcp Gsxspc gep Kll eg Kmcpjfk$v Zesxb

Ism`cp eg fbjlhpci kih zesxb gpem hjvkhwkixkdch fjpfsmvxkifcv mcixepch :08,4>> ;,007,>68 Jxbpesdb Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv

Ism cp eg fbjlhpci eg ~pjveicpv mcixepch xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv 76,2>> 4:,387 J

Ism`cp eg fbjlhpci kih zesxb gpem hjvkhwkixkdch fjpfsmvxkifcv vcpwjid 34>,6>> 403,830 Jxbcjp femmsijxjcv xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei-v~eivepch ~pedpkmv

Cidkdc Vxshcixv ji Femmsijxjcv

Ism`cp eg fellcdc vxshcixv vcpwjid xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv 30:,>>> 327,78: J

^cpfcixkdc eg epdkijkxjei gsihch xbpesdb Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk dpkix ~pedpkmv 0:# 03# cvx)* Jxbkx bkwc khe~xch kx lckvx vjr eg ijic jivxjxsxjeikl vs~~epxv lckhjid xe vsvxkjik`jljxzgep vcpwjfc-lckpijid

Bkpicvv @k`z @eemcpv$ Cr~cpjcifc

Ism`cp eg @k`z @eemcp welsixccpv dcicpkxch xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei-v~eivepch ~pedpkmv 6;0,3:> 623,2;> J

Ism cp eg fljcixv tbe pcfcjwc jihc~cihcix ljwjid vcpwjfcv, jiflshjid hjpcfx vs~~epx 2>8,3>> 48>,8;2 Jkih pcv~jxc gep jigepmkl fkpcdjwcpv xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei-v~eivepch ~pedpkmv

Xk`lc 0) Vsmmkpz eg GZ 0>>: Fep~epkxjei ^cpgepmkifc `z Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwc


12/96

Xbesdb iex mkihkxch `z xbc FGE Kfx, xbc Fep~epkxjei mckvspcv jxvclg kdkjivx k vcx eg ijic mcxpjfv xbkx kpc

vjmjlkp xe S)V) FGE Fesifjl Dewcpimcix-tjhc Gjikifjkl Mkikdcmcix Mcxpjfv) Gpem Vc~xcm`cp 0>>8 xbpesdb

Gc`pskpz 0>>3, xbc Fep~epkxjei kfbjcwch dpcci ei eilz eic esx eg ijic ;; ~cpfcix* eg xbcvc mcxpjfv) Ewcp

xbc zckpv, k dpckx hckl eg cepx bkv cci hcwexch xe jm~pewjid ~cpgepmkifc ei xbcvc mcxpjfv) Gep GZ 0>>:, xbc

zckplz kwcpkdc eg dpcci vfepcv tkv 7: ~cpfcix) Fem~kpk`lc kwcpkdc vfepcv gep GZ 0>>3, GZ 0>>7, GZ 0>>4 kih

GZ 0>>2 kpc 86 ~cpfcix, 82 ~cpfcix, 70 ~cpfcix kih 76 ~cpfcix, pcv~cfxjwclz) @z gefsvjid cepxv ei jm~pewjid

xbevc mcxpjfv tjxb xbc letcvx ~cpgepmkifc lcwclv j)c) ~kzmcixv xe wcihepv* jx jv cr~cfxch xbkx xbc kwcpkdc

dpcci vfepc tjll jm~pewc vjdijfkixlz ji GZ 0>;>)

Xbc Fep~epkxjeiv vfepc ei xbc Kmcpjfki Fsvxemcp Vkxjvgkfxjei Jihcr gcll vbepx eg xbc GZ 0>>: xkpdcx) Jikhhjxjei, hcv~jxc ki jifpckvc gpem xbc ~pjep zckp, xbc Fep~epkxjei hjh iex mccx jxv GZ 0>>: xkpdcx gep xbc

~cpfcix eg cm~lezccv pc~epxjid ewcpkll oe` vkxjvgkfxjei)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll feixjisc jxv cepxv ji xbjv kpck, tjxb k gefsv ei ~pewjhjid cr~kihch ~pegcvvjeikl

hcwcle~mcix kih xpkjijid e~~epxsijxjcv kv tcll kv kfaietlchdjid cm~lezccv tbe crfcch cr~cfxkxjeiv eg

xbc lckhcpvbj~)

Kmcpjfki Pcfewcpz kih Pcjiwcvxmcix Kfx eg 0>>:Gelletjid xbc ~kvvkdc eg xbc Kmcpjfki Pcfewcpz kih Pcjiwcvxmcix Kfx, xbc Fep~epkxjei vtjgxlz kih fkpcgsllz

ktkphch (;30 mjlljei xe bsihpchv eg dpkixccv kfpevv xbc ikxjei) Xbpesdb xbc KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl

kih KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ~pedpkmv, ewcp ;8,>>> khhjxjeikl mcm`cpv tcpc cipellch ji vcpwjfc hjpcfxlz pclkxch xejm~pewjid xbc vefjkl kih cfeiemjf feihjxjeiv tepvcich z xbc pcfcvvjei) Khhjxjeikl mcm`cpv tjll c

cipellch ji GZ 0>;>, `pjidjid xbc xexkl xe ;3,>>> mcm`cpv) Xbcvc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv tjll vcpwc kfpevv vfkl

zckpv 0>>: kih 0>;>)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve pcfcjwch (7 mjlljei ji iei-dpkix gsihjid xbpesdb xbc Kfx, tbjfb cik`lch xbc kdcifz xe

`cdji xbc ~pefcvv eg mewjid jxv JX jigpkvxpsfxspc gpem bckh{skpxcpv ji Tkvbjidxei, HF xe k mepc vxk`lc e-vjxc

ciwjpeimcix, kv tcll kv (8> mjlljei gep xbc Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx gep chsfkxjei ktkphv gep KmcpjFep~v

mcm`cpv)


^KPX J Vs mm kp z eg GZ 0> >: Kf fe m~ lj vb mc ix v

;

Ji GZ 0>>8, xbc Fep~epkxjei cdki jm~lcmcixjid vzvxcmv kih dpkixcc pc~epxjid dsjhkifc xe cik`lc xbc fellcfxjei eg hkxk xe fklfslkxc xbjv mckvspc1 betcwcp, fellcfxjeieg xbjv hkxk ji xbc kddpcdkxc kfpevv kll Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv jv iex fsppcixlz ~evvj`lc hsc xe ljmjxkxjeiv ji xbc dpkixv mkikdcmcix vzvxcm)

GZ 0>>: GZ 0>>:Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwc kih cpgepmkifc Mckvspc Xkpdcx Kfxskl

Jm~pewc ^pedpkm kih ^peocfx [skljxz

^cpfcix eg Fep~epkxjei-gsihch dpkixccv mccxjid ep e i xpkfa IK IKxe mccx ~pedpkm%~peocfx ~cpgepmkifc deklv;

Fslxjwkxc k Fslxspc eg ^cpgepmkifc kih Kffesixk`jljxz

Ism`cp eg mkxcpjkl tckaicvvcv MT*, vjdijfkix hcfjcifjcv VH* ep pc~epxk`lc > MT > VH > MT > VH Jfeihjxjeiv PF* jhcixjch ji xbc kiiskl ikifjkl vxkxcmcix kshjx

^cpfcixkdc eg Dewcpimcix-tjhc ikifjkl mkikdcmcix mcxpjfv tbcpc xbc ;>># 7:# JFep~epkxjei jv pkxch "dpcci"

Hcljwcp Crcm~lkpz Fsvxemcp Vcpwjfc

Ewcpkll Fep~epkxjei vfepc ei xbc Kmcpjfki Fsvxemcp Vkxjvgkfxjei Jihcr ;>> ~ejix vfklc* 44 48 J

Ewcpkll vfepc gep vkxjvgkfxjei tjxb xbc ewcpkll svk jljxz kih ccfxjwcicvv eg xbc kdcifz$v 43 Hkxk Kwkjlk`lcmkoep xcfbieledz vzvxcmv ;>> ~ejix vfklc* Osic 0>;>

@sjlh k Hjwcpvc, Cicpdjch, kih Bjdb-^cpgepmjid Tepagepfc

^cpfcix eg cm~lezccv tbe pc~epx ewcpkll vkxjvgkfxjei tjxb xbcjp oe`v 40# 7:# J

Xk`lc 6) Vsmmkpz eg GZ 0>>: Mkikdcmcix ^cpgepmkifc `z Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwc


13/96

Jm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx

Ji ephcp xe jm~lcmcix xbc wkpjesv fem~eicixv eg xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx, xbc Fep~epkxjei kvvcm`lch k xckm eg

mepc xbki 2> vxk gpem kfpevv xbc kdcifz) Lch z ki crcfsxjwc vxccpjid femmjxxcc feivjvxjid eg vcijep

mkikdcpv, ;3 tepajid dpes~v tcpc gepmch xe gefsv ei v~cfjf ~pedpkm kpckv kih fpevvfsxxjid xe~jfv vsfb kv

xcfbieledz, xpkjijid, kih ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv)

Xbjv xckm mkhc vjdijfkix ~pedpcvv ji xbcjp tepa kih mcx kll cifbmkpav gep jijxjkl jm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc

Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx) Vemc bjdbljdbxv jiflshc?

Pslcmkajid

Ji Vc~xcm`cp 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei ~s`ljvbch ki jixcpjm ikl pslc ji xbc Gchcpkl Pcdjvxcp, kljdijid xbc

kdcifzv pcdslkxjeiv tjxb xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx ~pewjvjeiv xbkx xkac ccfx ji GZ 0>;>) Xbc pslc fki

`c gesih ei xbc Fep~epkxjeiv tc`vjxc ei xbc pslcmkajid ~kdc,

bxx~?%%ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%k`esx%vcpwckmcpjfk%pslcmkajid)kv~ ep kx

bxx~?%%chefacx)kffcvv)d~e)dew%0>>:%~hg%C:-0;74;)~hg)

Gelletjid xbjv, xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll khhpcvv jvvscv ji Vcijep Fep~v kih ~pewjvjeiv ji xbc Kfx ~cpxkjijid xe xbc

Vcdkl KmcpjFep~v Chsfkxjei Ktkph kih xbc Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx) Xbcvc jiflshc xbc ism`cp eg xcpmv egvcpwjfc, xbc xpkivgcpk`jljxz eg xbc chsfkxjei ktkph gep xbevc ewcp 33, kih mepc)

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl

Xbc Fep~epkxjei ~s`ljvbch k Iexjfc eg Gsihjid Kwkjlk`jljxz IEGK* gep 0>;> KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl

dpkixv) Xbc iexjfc, tbjfb jv kwkjlk`lc ei xbc kdcifzv gsihjid e~~epxsijxjcv ~kdc

"bxx~?%%ttt)ikxjeiklvcpwjfc)dew%gepUepdkijkxjeiv%gsihjid%iegk)kv~*, pccfxv xbc ict ~pjepjxjcv kih ~pedpkm

gckxspcv eg xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx, jiflshjid djwjid ~pjepjxz xe k~~ljfkixv xbkx khhpcvv fem~clljid

simcx icchv ji chsfkxjei, xbc ciwjpeimcix, bcklxbz gsxspcv, wcxcpkiv, kih cfeiemjf e~~epxsijxz) Xbc iexjfc

klve esxljicv xbc ict e~xjeiv gep ikxjeikl ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv kih rch kmesix dpkixv)

K tepajid dpes~ eg vxkxc kih ikxjeikl dpkixccv bkv `cci kvvjvxjid kdcifz vxk ji hcwcle~jid ~jlex

~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv) Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve jv dkxbcpjid ji~sx gpem k tepajid dpes~ eg Vxkxc Femmjvvjeiv

kih ikxjeikl hjpcfx dpkixccv ei jm~lcmcixjid xbc vjidlc fem~cxjxjei cvxk`ljvbch `z xbc Aciichz Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Kfx) Xbc k~~ljfkxjei jivxpsfxjeiv pc{sjpc mslxj-vxkxc ~peocfxv xe hcvfpj`c xbcjp feivslxkxjeiv tjxb xbc

Vxkxc Femmjvvjei ji ckfb vxkxc ji tbjfb xbcz ~pe~evc xe e~cpkxc) Xbc tepajid dpes~ tjll hjvvcmjikxc k vcx eg

`cvx ~pkfxjfcv gep xbkx ~pefcvv tbci xbcz kpc fem~lcxc)

Vxkxc Vcpwjfc Femmjvvjeiv

Sihcp xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx, gsihjid gep xpkjijid kih hjvk`jljxz ~pedpkmmjid jv iet kwkjlk`lc xe kll

Fep~epkxjei dpkixccv) Xbcvc gsihv kpc hjvxpj`sxch ei ki kiiskl `kvjv xe ckfb vxkxc xbpesdb jxv Vxkxc

Femmjvvjei) @cdjiijid ji Okiskpz 0>;>, epdkijkxjeiv e~cpkxjid Fep~epkxjei ~pedpkmv fki feixkfx xbcjp

Vxkxc Femmjvvjei gep jigepmkxjei ei xpkjijid kih gsihjid gep pckveik`lc kffemmehkxjei)

KmcpjFep~v IFFF

Xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx pc{sjpcv KmcpjFep~v IFFF xe jifpckvc xbc ism`cp eg hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb

vcpwjid ji xbc ~pedpkm) Ji ephcp xe kfbjcwc xbjv dekl, KmcpjFep~v IFFF jv gepmjid ~kpxicpvbj~v tjxb exbcp

zesxb-vcpwjid epdkijkxjeiv xe jhcixjgz jihjwjhsklv cljdj`lc xe cipell kv KmcpjFep~v IFFF mcm`cpv) Gep

crkm~lc, ji Okiskpz 0>;>, xbc ~pedpkm ajfach e k ict ~kpxicpvbj~ tjxb xbc Ikxjeikl Dskph Zesxb Fbkllcidc,

tbjfb tepav ~pjmkpjlz tjxb hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb) Ji khhjxjei, xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx pc{sjpcv flevcp


Jm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx ^K


14/96

feivslxkxjei cxtcci KmcpjFep~v IFFF kih Vxkxc Femmjvvjeiv ei ~peocfx hc~lezmcix) KmcpjFep~v IFFF

bkv hcwcle~ch k ~pexefel xe gkfjljxkxc xbjv feivslxkxjei kih bkv veljfjxch gcch`kfa gpem vxkxc femmjvvjeiv)

Vcdkl KmcpjFep~v Chsfkxjei Ktkph

Xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx mkhc jm~epxkix fbkidcv xe xbc Vcdkl KmcpjFep~v Chsfkxjei Ktkph,

jiflshjid jifpckvjid xbc kmesix eg gsxspc ktkphv, cr~kihjid xbc kwkjlk`lc svcv eg gsxspc ktkphv, kih

ksxbepjjid jihjwjhsklv ewcp kdc 33 exbcp xbki KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv* xe xpkivgcp xbc ktkph xe k fbjlh ep

dpkihfbjlh sihcp fcpxkji feihjxjeiv) Vemc eg xbcvc ~pewjvjeiv xeea ccfx kx xbc vxkpx eg GZ 0>;>, tbjlc exbcpv

msvx sihcpde pslcmkajid)

Klve, `cdjiijid ji GZ 0>;>, xbc mkrjmsm chsfkxjei ktkph wklsc tjll `c c{sjwklcix xe xbc mkrjmsm wklsc eg

xbc cll Dpkix gep xbc ktkph zckp ji tbjfb xbc ikxjeikl vcpwjfc ~evjxjei tkv k~~pewch) Gep xcpmv eg vcpwjfc

vs~~epxch tjxb GZ 0>;> gsihv, xbjv kmesix tjll `c (3,63>) Gep GZ0>;;, xbc ktkph tjll `c (3,33>)

Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk

Ji GZ0>;>, xbc Fep~epkxjei pclckvch xte IEGKv gep xbc ict Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Bjdbcp Chsfkxjei kih

Vsmmcp eg Vcpwjfc dpkixv) Xbc (7)2 mjlljei kllefkxch xe ki cvxjmkxch vcwci xe ijic Bjdbcp Chsfkxjei dpkixccv

tjll vs~~epx jivxjxsxjeiv xbkx svc jiiewkxjwc vcpwjfc-lckpijid ~pedpkmmjid xe mccx xbc icchv eg lefklfemmsijxjcv, kih ~pedpkmv xbkx gevxcp ljgcleid fjwjf cidkdcmcix kmeid vxshcixv) Xbc (0 mjlljei ji Vsmmcp

eg Vcpwjfc dpkixv ji GZ 0>;> tjll vs~~epx fellk`epkxjwc cepxv xe jm~lcmcix femmsijxz-`kvch vcpwjfc-lckpijid

~peocfxv hspjid xbc vsmmcp meixbv)

PVW^ Fem~cxjxjei

K tepajid dpes~ fem~evch eg Fep~epkxjei Vxkxc Estfc kih Vcijep Fep~v vxk bkv `cdsi tepa ei xbc ~pefcvv

gep PVW^ fem~cxjxjei) Xbcjp jijxjkl cepxv kpc gefsvch ei hcvjdijid xbc cwklskxjei ~pefcvv esxljich ji xbc

Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx xbkx ckfb PVW^ dpkixcc msvx sihcpde ji ~pc~kpkxjei gep fem~cxjxjei)

Vs`xjxlc B

Ji Hcfcm`cp 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei pclckvch k hpkgx IEGK gep jxv 0>;> Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih VJG* dpkix

fem~cxjxjei) Xbc Fep~epkxjei veljfjxch ~s`ljf gcch`kfa ei xbc gsihjid iexjfkxjei gpem ewcp ;,>>> jihjwjhsklv

kih epdkijkxjeiv cgepc cwci pclckvjid xbc hpkgx IEGK) Xbc hpkgx IEGK pcfcjwch 08: femmcixv xbpesdb

Okiskpz ;3, 0>;>) Xbc Fep~epkxjei cr~cfxv xe ktkph dpkixv xe wc xe vcwci jixcpmchjkpz epdkijkxjeiv ji 0>;>)

Kiiskl ktkphv, tbjfb tjll psi gep wc zckpv, kpc cr~cfxch xe `c ji xbc pkidc eg (; mjlljei xe (;> mjlljei)

Jixcpmchjkpz epdkijkxjeiv dpkix mkajid jivxjxsxjeiv tjll k~~lz gep VJG gsihjid kih xbci mkac vs`-dpkixv

xe k ~epxgelje eg ~pemjvjid iei~pex epdkijkxjeiv)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei cr~cfxv xe pclckvc IEGKv gep xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih kih Iei~pex Fk~kfjxz @sjlhjid

Gsih ji v~pjid 0>;>) Xbc fem~cxjxjei gep xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih tjll c e~ci eilz xe Vxkxc Vcpwjfc

Femmjvvjeiv, kv jihjfkxch ji xbc kdcifz k~~pe~pjkxjei)

;> FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

^KPX J Jm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx


15/96

;FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

Epdkijkxjeikl Fbkpx ^K

/ ^pcvjhcixjkl K~~ejixmcixv tjxb Vcikxc feipmkxjei// Ji kffephkifc tjxb xbc Jiv~cfxep Dcicpkl Kfx, Vcfxjei 6k/// Xbc hjpcfxep bkv jihc~cihcix ksxbepjxz xe khwjvc xbc FCE

ei ~pc-fem~lkjix kih fem~lkjix jvvscv) Xbc FCEfeixpj`sxcv xe xbc hjpcfxepv ~cpgepmkifc pcwjct)

Gjdspc ;) Fep~epkxjei Epdkijkxjeikl Fbkpx

Vxc~bci Delhvmjxb, Wjfc FbkjpJihjkik~eljv, JIXcpm? :%03%0>>7 - ;>%7%0>;>

Osljc Gjvbcp FsmmjidvHcxpejx, MJXcpm? ;;%;:%0>>4 :%;8%0>;;

Mkpa H) DckpkiDcicwk, IZXcpm? ;;%;:%0>>4 ;0%;%0>;>

Bzc~ji JmLev Kidclcv, FKXcpm? ;>%4%0>>2 - ;>%7%0>;6

Okmcv ^klmcpXsvxji, FKXcpm? 4%6%0>>4 - ;>%7%0>;;

@ekph eg Hjpcfxepv

Klki H) Velemeix, FbkjpTcvxei, MKXcpm? ;;%;:%0>>4 ;>%7%0>>:

Vxki VeletkzTkvbjidxei, HFXcpm? 4%6%0>>4 - ;>%7%0>;;

Cpjf O) Xkici`lkxxKxlkixk, DKXcpm? 7%7%0>>2 - ;>%7%0>;0

Lkzvbk TkphMjiick~eljv, MIXcpm? 7%7%0>>2 - ;0%04%0>;0

Fep~epkxc PclkxjeivP) Xkzlep Kfxjid*

Dcicpkl FesivclG) Xpjijxz

Dewcpimcix PclkxjeivP) Dljfamki

Fbjcg Gjikifjkl EstfcpT) Kihcpvei Kfxjid*

Fbjcg Crcfsxjwc Estfcp/Ijfelk Depci Kfxjid*

Jiv~cfxep Dcicpkl/Aciicxb @kfb Kfxjid*

Fbjcg eg ^pedpkm E~cpkxjeivA) MfVtkji

Gjikifjkl MkikdcmcixT) Kihcpvei

Dpkixv ' GjclhGjikifjkl Mdmx)

P) Dkshje

Bsmki Fk~jxklP) Ljmei

Fjwjl Pjdbxv///L) Beiiell

Jigepmkxjei XcfbieledzM) Fkhkdji

^s`ljf KkjpvP) Vfbmclcp

KmcpjFep~v

Vxkxc ' Ikx$lL) Icm`bkph Kfxjid*

KmcpjFep~v

IFFFM) Bcppjidxei Kfxjid*

KmcpjFep~v

WJVXK^) Hkwjv Kfxjid*

Dpkixv Ewcpvjdbx 'Meijxepjid

K) Pe`jivei

Gjclh LjkjveiM) @cpijid

84 Gjclh Estfcv

vcpwjid kll S)V)Vxkxcv ' xcppjxepjcv*

CmcpdcifzMkikdcmcix

F) Flkz

Vcijep Fep~vK) Pe`cpxv Kfxjid*

Lckpi ' VcpwcC) Ikvb Kfxjid*

Gkjxb @kvch 'Icjdbèpbeeh^kpxicpvbj~v

O) Acllz

Dpkixv êljfz 'E~cpkxjeiv

W) Dkpj`klhj Kfxjid*

Lckhcpvbj~Hcwcle~mcix '

XpkjijidD) Wki hcp Wccp

Pcvckpfb ' êljfzHcwcle~mcix

P) Dpjmm


16/96

;0 FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

^KPX J Fep~epkxjei Gjclh Eggjfcv

Gjdspc 0) Fep~epkxjei Gjclh Estfcv

KLK@KMK

KPJ_EIKKPAKIVKV

FKLJGEPIJK

FELEPKHE

FEIICFXJFSX

HCLKTKPC

GLEPJHK

DCEPDJK

JHKBE

JLLJIEJVJIHJKIK

JETK

AKIVKV

ACIXSFAZ

LESJVJKIK

MKJIC

MKPZLKIH

MKVVKFBSVCXXV

MJFBJDKI

MJIICVEXK

MJVVJVVJ^^J

MJVVESPJ

MEIXKIK

IC@PKVAKICWKHK

ICTBKM^VBJPC

ICT OCPVCZ

ICT MCRJFE

ICT ZEPA

IEPXB FKPELJIK

IEPXB HKAEXK

EBJE

EALKBEMK

EPCDEI

^CIIVZLWKIJK

PBEHCJVLKIH

VESXB FKPELJIK

VESXB

HKAEXK

XCIICVVCC

XCRKV

KLKVAK

BKTKJJ

SXKB

WCPMEIX

WJPDJIJK

TKVBJIDXEI

TCVX

WJPDJIJK

TJVFEIVJI

TZEMJID

FIFV Efcv

GGMF

IFFF Fkm~sv

Vxkxc Estfc


17/96


18/96


19/96

Lkidskdc ^pewjvjei%Fbkidc Cr~lkikxjei

;) Hclcxc? (234,>0;)>>>, eg tbjfb (6;:,:48,>>> vbkll `c xefkppz esx xbc ;:46 Kfx kih (364,>84,>>> vbkll `c xe fkppz

esx xbc ;::> Kfx

@cdjiijid ji vfkl zckp 0>>2, xbc Fep~epkxjeiv xte vc~kpkxc ~pedpkm e~cpkxjidcr~civc k~~pe~pjkxjeiv tcpc feiveljhkxch jixe k vjidlc kffesix) Xbjv feiveljhkxjei

~pewjhcv xbc Fep~epkxjei vemc khhjxjeikl crj`jljxz pcdkphjid mkikdcmcix eg jxv~pedpkmv) Betcwcp, xbc fsppcix feiveljhkxch kffesix vxjll feixkjiv vc~kpkxc ljmjxvei kmesixv xbkx mkz `c e`ljdkxch gep cjxbcp HWVK ep IFVK ~pedpkmv) K lsm~ vsmk~~pe~pjkxjei kwkjlk`lc gep kll ~pedpkmmkxjf kfxjwjxjcv teslh pchsfc khmjijvxpkxjwc`sphciv kih keph xbc Fep~epkxjei dpckxcp ccfxjwcicvv ji mkikdjid jxv~pedpkmv, feivjvxcix tjxb k~~ljfk`lc pc~pedpkmmjid dsjhcljicv)

0) Hclcxc? ;:2@`*6*kih hclcxc? , kih 3>;k*8*F*

Chjxepjkl fbkidcv xe feigepm xe xbc fbkidcv hcvfpj`ch ji jxcmv 3 kih 7 `clet)

6) Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc XpsvxKhh?"0* (0:6,770,>>>, xe pcmkji kwkjlk`lc sixjl cr~cihch,vbkll `c ~kjh xe xbc Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx gep cr~civcv ksxbep-jch sihcp Vs`xjxlc H eg xjxlc ; eg xbc ;::> Kfx1 "6* ji khhjxjei xexbc kmesixv ~pewjhch ji xbc ~pcwjesv flksvc, xbc Fep~epkxjeimkz xpkivgcp gsihv gpem xbc kmesixv kllefkxch xe dpkixv sihcp

Vs`xjxlc F eg xjxlc ; eg xbc ;::> Kfx, s~ei hcxcpmjikxjei xbkx vsfbxpkivgcp jv icfcvvkpz xe vs~~epx xbc kfxjwjxjcv eg ikxjeikl vcpwjfc~kpxjfj~kixv kih kgxcp iexjfc jv xpkivmjxxch xe xbc Feidpcvv

Gep vfkl zckp 0>;>, xbc Fep~epkxjei pcfcjwch ki k~~pe~pjkxjei hjpcfxlz xe xbcIkxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx) K~~pe~pjkxjid xbc kmesix icchch xe vs~~epx Xpsvxe`ljdkxjeiv xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv kffesix, kih ~pewjhjid gepxpkivgcp mepc flevclz gelletv xbc Fep~epkxjeiv ksxbepjjid lcdjvlkxjei) Xbc vfklzckp 0>;; pc{scvx pcvxepcv xbc xpkivgcp ksxbepjxz ji xbc E~cpkxjid Cr~civcvk~~pe~pjkxjei)

8) Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih)Hclcxc? (3>,>>>,>>> vbkll c kwkjlk`lc gep cr~civcv ks-xbepjch sihcp vcfxjei 3>;k*8*C* eg xbc;::> Kfx

Vcfxjei 3>;k*8*C* eg xbc ;::> Kfx mkacv k mkihkxepz kllefkxjei eg (7>,>>>,>>>eg xbc Fep~epkxjeiv GZ 0>;; k~~pe~pjkxjei gep xbc Vefjkl Jiiewkxjei Gsih) XbcFep~epkxjeiv pc{scvx gep E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv jiflshcv xbjv kmesix, mkajid kv~cfjf kllefkxjei ji xbc k~~pe~pjkxjeiv lkidskdc si icfcvvkpz)

3) Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih)Khh?(;>,>>>,>>> vbkll `c kwkjlk`lc gep cr~civcv ksxbepjchsihcp 3>;"k*"8*"G*"jj* eg xbc ;::> Kfx, tbjfb, iextjxbvxkihjidkiz exbcp ~pewjvjei eg lkt, vbkll c ktkphch z xbc Fep~epkxjeiei k fem~cxjxjwc `kvjv xe Vxkxc Femmjvvjeiv kih iei~pex ep-dkijkxjeiv

^pewjhcv (;> mjlljei gep xbc Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei Gsih cvxk`ljvbch z s`ljf Lkt;;;-;6)

7) Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Gclletvbj~vKhh?s~ xe (;,>>>,>>> vbkll `c kwkjlk`lc gep dpkixv xe VxkxcFemmjvvjeiv ksxbepjch sihcp ;:2@ eg xbc ;::> Kfx, iextjxb-vxkihjid vs`vcfxjeiv ;:2@"`*";*, "`*"0*"K* kih "@*, kih "`*"6*

^pewjhcv jijxjkl gsihjid gep xbc Vcp wc Kmcpjfk Gclletvbj~ ~pedpkm cvxk`ljvbch z^s`ljf Lkt ;;;-;6)

4) IFFFHclcxc? 7* (0:,>>>)>>> vbkll `c kwkjlk`lc xe fkppz esxvs`xjxlc C eg xbc ;::> Kfx

Feivjvxcix tjxb jxcm ; k`ewc, pcmewcv xbc vc~kpkxc kmesix gep KmcpjFep~v IFFFe~cpkxjeiv tjxbji xbc Fep~epkxjeiv E~cpkxjid Cr~civc k~~pe~pjkxjei)

2) Xcfbijfkl ChjxHclcxc? 4* (8,>>>,>>> vbkll c kwkjlk`lc gep cr~civcvksxbepjch sihcp vcfxjei 3>;k*8*G* eg xbc ;::> Kfx,tbjfb, iextjxbvxkihjid xbc ~pewjvjeiv eg vcfxjei ;:2^vbkll c ktkphch z xbc Fep~epkxjei ei k fem~cxjxjwc

`kvjv xe Vxkxc femmjvvjeiv

Xcfbijfkl chjx xe feigepm tjxb jxcm 3 k`ewc)

;3FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

@jll kih Lkidskdc Kiklzvjv ^KP

Xk`lc 8) K~~pe~pjkxjeiv Lkidskdc Kiklzvjv

E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv


20/96


^KPX JJ @jll kih Lkidskdc Kiklzvjv

Lkidskdc ^pewjvjei%Fbkidc Cr~lkikxjei

Xk`lc 8) K~~pe~pjkxjeiv Lkidskdc Kiklzvjv "Feixjisch*

Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx

:) Hclcxc? Gep icfcvvkpz cr~civcv gep xbc Ikxjeikl VcpwjfcXpsvx cvxk`ljvbch sihcp vs`xjxlc H eg xjxlc J eg xbc Ikxjeikl

kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc Kfx eg ;::> " ;::> Kfx"*,(;:4,>>>,>>>, xe pcmkji kwkjlk`lc sixjl cr~cihch? ^pewjhch,Xbkx xbc Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfcmkz xpkivgcp khhjxjeikl gsihv gpem xb c kmesix ~pewjhchtjxbji "E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv" kllefkxch xe dpkixv sihcp vs`-xjxlc F eg xjxlc J eg xbc ;::> Kfx xe xbc Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvxs~ei hcxcpmjikxjei xbkx vsfb xpkivgcp jv icfcvvkpz xe vs~-~epx xbc kfxjwjxjcv eg ikxjeikl vcpwjfc ~kpxjfj~kixv kih kgxcpiexjfc jv xpkivmjxxch xe xbc Femmjxxccv ei K~~pe~pjkxjeiv egxbc Besvc eg Pc~pcvcixkxjwcv kih xbc Vcikxc? pewjhch gsp-xbcp, Xbkx kmesixv k~~pe~pjkxch gep ep xpkivgcppch xe xb c Ik-xjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx mkz c jiwcvxch sihcp vcfxjei ;83`* egxbc ;::> Kfx tjxbesx pcdkph xe xbc pc{sjpcmcix xe k~~ep-xjei gsihv sihcp 6; S)V)F ;3;6`*)

Gep vfkl zckp 0>;>, xbc Fep~epkxjei pcfcjwch ki k~~pe~pjkxjei hjpcfxlz xe xbcIkxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx) K~~pe~pjkxjid xbc kmesix icchch xe vs~~ep x Xpsvx

e`ljdkxjeiv xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv E~cpkxjid Cr~civcv kffesix, kih ~pewjhjid gepxpkivgcp mepc flevclz gelletv xbc Fep~epkxjeiv ksxbepjjid lcdjvlkxjei) Xbc vfklzckp 0>;; pc{scvx pcvxepcv xbc xpkivgcp ksxbepjxz ji xbc E~cpkxjid Cr~civcvk~~pe~pjkxjei)

;>) Hclcxc? VCF) 8>;) Xbc Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeikl kihFemmsijxz Vcpwjfc vbkll mkac kiz vjdijfkix fbkidcv xe~pedpkm pc{sjpcmcixv, vcpwjfc hcljwcpz ep ~eljfz eilzxbpesdb ~s`ljf iexjfc kih femmcix pslcmkajid) Gep vfklzckp 0>;>, hspjid kiz dpkix vclcfxjei ~pefcvv, ki estfcp epcm~lezcc eg xbc Fep~epkxjei vbkll iex aietjidlz hjvflevckiz fewcpch dpkix vclcfxjei jigepmkxjei pcdkphjid vsfb vc-lcfxjei, hjpcfxlz ep jihjpcfxlz, xe kiz ~cpvei exbcp xbki ki eg-fcp ep cm~lezcc eg xbc Fep~epkxjei xbkx jv ksxbepjch zxbc Fep~epkxjei xe pcfcjwc vsfb jigepmkxjei)

Xbjv lkidskdc jigpjidcv ei xbc ~pcpedkxjwcv eg xbc Crcfsxjwc @pkifb ji fkppzjid esx~pedpkmv feivjvxcix tjxb xbc ksxbepjjid vxkxsxc)

;0)Khh?Iextjxbvxkihjid xbc ~pewjvjeiv eg vcfxjei3>;"k*";*"H* eg xbc ;::> Kfx, xbc Fep~epkxjei vbkll gsih vsm-mcp eg vcpwjfc ~pedpkm dpkixv ksxbepjch sihcp vcfxjei;;:"f*"2* eg xbc ;::> Kfx gpem gsihv mkhc kwkjlk`lc xe ~pewjhcikifjkl kvvjvxkifc sihcp 3>;"k*";*"G*"jjj* eg xbc ;::> Kfx)

Xbjv lkidskdc ~pewjhcv gep xbc khmjijvxpkxjei eg xbc Vsmmcp eg Vcp wjfc ~pedpkm kv~kpx eg xbc Lckpi kih Vcpwc Kmcpjfkv Jiiewkxjwc kih Femmsijxz-@kvch pedpkmvtjxbesx hcfpckvjid xbc gsihjid ~pewjhch xe Vxkxcv gep clcmcixkpz kih vcfeihkpzvfbeel vxshcix ~pedpkmv)

;;) Hclcxc? Heikxjeiv mkhc xe xbc Fep~epkxjei gep Ikxjeiklkih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc nxbc Fep~epkxjei$$* sihcp vcfxjei;:7 eg xbc Ikxjeikl kih Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc Kfx eg ;::>;::> Kfx$$* gep xbc ~sp~evcv eg ikifjid ~pedpkmv kih e~-cpkxjeiv sihcp xjxlcv J kih JJ eg xbc ;:46 Kfx ep vs`xjxlcv @, F,H, ep C eg xjxlc J eg xbc ;::> Kfx vbkll `c svch xe vs~~lcmcixkih iex vs~~lkix fsppcix ~pedpkmv kih e~cpkxjeiv

Xbjv lkidskdc jigpjidcv ei xbc ~pcpedkxjwcv eg xbc Crcfsxjwc @pkifb ji fkppzjid esx~pedpkmv feivjvxcix tjxb xbc ksxbepjjid vxkxsxc)

;6)Khh?Ji khhjxjei xe xbc pc{sjpcmcixv ji Vcf) ;87"k* eg xbc;::>Kfx, svc eg ki chsfkxjeikl ktkph gep xbc ~sp~evc hc-vfpj`ch ji Vcf) ;82"k*"8* vbkll `c ljmjxch xe jihjwjhsklv tbekpc wcxcpkiv kv hcich sihcp Vcf) ;>; eg xbc Kfx)

Xbjv lkidskdc ~pewjhcv xjdbxcp feixpelv ewcp xbc cr~kihch svc eg ikxjeikl vcpwjfcchsfkxjei ktkphv xe kxxcih DJ @jll-cljdj`lc jivxjxsxjeiv kv ~pewjhch ji s`ljf lkt;;;-;6)

Khmjijvxpkxjwc pewjvjeiv


21/96


22/96

J Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Chsfkxjei Ktkph ^pedpkm "CK^* dpkixv kpc ktkphch xe epdkijkxjeiv e~cpkxjid ji

eic ep mepc vxkxcv xbkx bkwc vsffcvvgsllz fem~cxch ji k ikxjeitjhc vclcfxjei ~pefcvv) Epdkijkxjeiv

pcfcjwc k vmkll rch-kmesix dpkix)

J Jihjki Xpj`cv dpkixv ~pewjhc eic ~cpfcix eg ~pedpkm gsihv, tbjfb kpc ktkphch fem~cxjxjwclz xe

Jihjki Xpj`cv)

J S)V) Xcppjxepjcv dpkixv ~pewjhc eic ~cpfcix eg ~pedpkm gsihv xe jihjwjhskl epdkijkxjeiv ep Vxkxc VcpwjfcFemmjvvjeiv e~cpkxjid ji xbc S)V) Xcppjxepjcv, kvch ei ~e~slkxjei vjc) Ji GZ 0>;;, xbc Fep~epkxjei

kixjfj~kxcv xbc gepmkxjei eg k ict Femmjvvjei ji xbc SV Wjpdji Jvlkihv)

^pedpkm Jm~kfx kih Kffem~ljvbmcixvJi GZ 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei vs~~epxch pesdblz 73,6>> KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv tbe vcpwch ji mepc xbki 8,;>>

iei~pex, gkjxb- kih femmsijxz-`kvch dpes~v, bcl~jid xbcm cr~kih xbcjp pckfb kih cxxcp mccx xbcjp

mjvvjei) Xbjv hecv iex jiflshc xbc khhjxjeikl ;;,3>> KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv gsihch xbpesdb xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx)

KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv xsxepch kih mcixepch kx-pjva zesxb, sjlx bemcv, ~pcwcixch bjdb vfbeel hpe~esxv kih

cr~kihch fellcdc kffcvv, feivcpwch ~kpav kih ~s`ljf lkihv, vs~~epxch geeh `kiav kih vbclxcpv, kih bcl~ch

femmsijxjcv pcfewcp gpem hjvkvxcpv)

Xbc jm~kfx xbc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv tbe vcpwch ji GZ 0>>: ~kpx eg xbc lkpdcvx KmcpjFep~v flkvv xe hkxc

tkv gspxbcp lcwcpkdch z xbc ;)0 mjlljei khhjxjeikl welsixccpv me`jljch kih mkikdch xbpesdb xbc ~pedpkm)

Xbjv hjpcfx gchcpkl jiwcvxmcix ji femmsijxjcv gevxcpv fjwjf cidkdcmcix kmeid Kmcpjfkiv zesid kih elh,

tbevc cr~cpjcifc kih femmjxmcix kpc fbkiiclch xe mccx fpjxjfkl femmsijxz icchv, exb hspjid kih kgxcp

xbcjp zckp eg jixcivjwc vcpwjfc)

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl feixjisch xe ~cpgepm tcll ji pclkxjei xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv fsppcix vxpkxcdjf

~lki, mccxjid wc eg vcwci ~cpgepmkifc xkpdcxv) V~cfjfkllz, xbc ~pedpkm mkhc xbc gelletjid dkjiv

fem~kpch xe xbc ~pcwjesv vfkl zckp?

J Jifpckvch xbc ism`cp eg fellcdc vxshcixv vcpwjid z 60 ~cpfcix)

J Jifpckvch xbc ism`cp eg hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb vcpwjid femmsijxjcv z 03 ~cpfcix)

J Jifpckvch xbc ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid jihc~cihcix ljwjid vcpwjfcv z 0> ~cpfcix)

Kv xbjv jv xbc ikl zckp eg jxv fsppcix vxpkxcdjf ~lki, xbc Fep~epkxjei kih jxv @ekph eg Hjpcfxepv hjh iex s~hkxc

~cpgepmkifc xkpdcxv gep vfkl zckpv 0>>: kih 0>;> gep KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl) peocfxch ~cpgepmkifc

xkpdcxv gep GZ 0>;; kpc iex ~pewjhch djwci xbc s~hkxc xe xbc Fep~epkxjeiv Vxpkxcdjf lki) Gelletjid xbc

fem~lcxjei eg xbc Fep~epkxjeiv 0>;; 0>;3 Vxpkxcdjf lki ji 0>;>, KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl tjll bkwc

ict kih pcwjvch ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv kih xkpdcxv gep GZ 0>;; kih czeih)


^KPX JJJ @shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;? KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl


23/96

Xbc Fep~epkxjei klve ktkphch (24 mjlljei ji Pcfewcpz Kfx dpkixv ji GZ 0>>:, tbjfb gsihch pesdblz ;>,3>>

Xbcvc mcm cpv kpc klpckhz mccxjid xbc icchv eg hjvxpcvvch femmsijxjcv kih epdkijkxjeiv kfpevv xbc

fesixpz bjx bkph z xbc cfeiemjf fpjvjv) V~cfjfkllz, xbcz kpc ~pewjhjid cm~lezmcix xpkjijid, ikifjkl

~lkiijid, kih besvjid kvvjvxkifc1 ~pcwcixjid bemc gepcflevspcv, vs~~epxjid xsxepjid kih ljxcpkfz ~pedpkmv,

tckxbcpjjid bemcv, kih cr~kihjid iei~pex fk~kfjxz) khhjxjeikl KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl mcm`cpv)

Xbc Fep~epkxjei ~lkiv xe ktkph xbc pcmkjijid (0 mjlljei ji dpkixv ji GZ 0>;>, tbjfb tjll vs~~epx

k~~perjmkxclz ;,>>> khhjxjeikl mcm`cpv)

Khhjxjeikl ~cpgepmkifc kih ikifjkl jigepmkxjei ei xbc Fep~epkxjeiv Pcfewcpz Kfx kfxjwjxjcv fki c gesih kx

xbc cih eg xbjv fbk~xcp)

GZ 0>;; @shdcx Pc{scvx kih ^cpgepmkifc ^lkiGep GZ 0>;;, xbc Fep~epkxjei pc{scvxv (822)>66 mjlljei gep KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl, ki jifpckvc eg

pesdblz (;;3 mjlljei k`ewc xbc cikfxch GZ 0>;> k~~pe~pjkxjei) Xbjv gsihjid lcwcl tjll vs~~epx k~~perjmkxclz

:8,34> KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv, pesdblz 00,>>> mcm`cpv bjdbcp xbki xbc ~pcwjesv zckp) Xbcvc mcm`cpv kpc

cr~cfxch xe lcwcpkdc ;)43 mjlljei khhjxjeikl welsixccpv kih vjdijfkixlz jm~pewc xbc fk~kfjxz eg lefkl

epdkijkxjeiv xe khhpcvv v~cfjf fbkllcidcv gkfch `z femmsijxjcv kfpevv xbc fesixpz)

;FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;? KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ^KPX

Xk`lc 7) KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ^cpgepmkifc ei Fep~epkxjei Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwcv

GZ 0>>4 GZ 0>>2 GZ 0>>: GZ 0>>: GZ 0>;>Vxpkxcdjf Jijxjkxjwc kih cpgepmkifc Mckvspc Kfxskl Kfxskl Kfxskl Xkpdcx Xkpdcx

Cidkdc Vxshcixv ji Femmsijxjcv

Ism`cp eg Fellcdc Vxshcixv Vcpwjid 4;,37; ;0:,8>> ;4>,74: ;>>,>>> ;6>,>>>

Civspc k @pjdbxcp Gsxspc Gep Kll eg Kmcpjfk$v ZesxbHjvkhwkixkdch Fbjlhpci kih Zesxb Vcpwjid Femmsijxjcv ;;6,>:0 ;06,;84 ;38,38> ;>,>>> ;03,>>>

Ism`cp eg Jifkpfcpkxch kpcix$v Fbjlhpci Mcixepch 07,04: 07,466 06,>4; 07,>>> 07,>>>Xbpesdb Fep~epkxjei ^pedpkmv

Ism`cp eg Hjvkhwkixkdch Zesxb Mcixepch Xbpesdb xbc Fep~epkxjei 08:,0:8 840,280 847,:4; ;73,>>> 0>>,>>>

Bkpicvv @k`z @eemcpv Cr~cpjcifc

Ism`cp eg Fljcixv Pcfcjwjid Jihc~cihcix Ljwjid Vcpwjfcv 36,:>; :>,6>6 ;>2,;77 :>,>>> 43,>>>

Ism`cp eg @k`z @eemcp Welsixccpv 76,;73 ;04,070 ;60,7:: ;04,>>> ;8>,>>>

Me`jljc Mepc Welsixccpv

Ism`cp eg Welsixccpv Pcfpsjxch kih%ep Mkikdch :24,>>0 ;,>7;,7>: ;,;43,778 ;,0>>,>>> ;,3>>,>>>

Ism`cp eg Welsixccpv Vcpwjid kv Vxj~cihch 77,7;7 77,:42 73,636 i%k 40,3>>KmcpjFep~v Mcm`cpv

GZ 0>>4 GZ 0>>2 GZ 0>>: GZ 0>;> GZ 0>;;@shdcx Kffesix Kfxskl Kfxskl Kfxskl Xkpdcx Xkpdcx

K~~pe~pjkxjei ji xbesvkihv* 078,203 037,2>3 03:,070 640,384 822,>66

Ism`cp eg mcm`cp vlexv k~~pewch ep cvxjmkxch* 77,7;7 77,;83 73,636 40,3>> :8,34>

Fevx ~cp MVZ; :,76; 2,207 2,22> 4,748 4,766

^cpfcix eg xexkl fevxv feixpj`sxch gpem Fep~epkxjei vespfcv 38)4# 3;)2# 36)3# I%K I%K

Xk`lc 4) KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ^pedpkm Fevx Vsmmkpz

; K Mcm`cp Vcpwjfc Zckp MVZ* pc~pcvcixv ki cvxjmkxc eg xbc fevx eg vs~~epxjid ki jihjwjhskl mcm`cp gep ki cixjpc vfkl zckp) Xbc fevx jiflshcv hjpcfx cr~civcv ljwjid

klletkifcv* kih jihjpcfx cr~civcv pcfpsjxmcix kih esxpckfb*) Xbc fevx ~cp MVZ jv xbc k~~pe~pjkxjei hjwjhch z xbc ism`cp eg MVZv)


24/96

Xbjv pc{scvx pc~pcvcixv ki cr~kivjei eg xbc KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ~pedpkm xetkph xbc Aciichz

Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfxv dekl eg 03>,>>> mcm`cpv kfpevv kll xbpcc KmcpjFep~v ~pedpkmv z 0>;4 kih tjll xkpdcx

wc gefsv kpckv esxljich ji xbc Aciichz Vcpwc Kmcpjfk Kfx? Chsfkxjei, Flcki Cicpdz kih xbc Ciwjpeimcix,

Bcklxbz Gsxspcv, Wcxcpkiv kih E~~epxsijxz) Xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll mckvspc xbc vsffcvv eg xbjv vjdijfkix

jiwcvxmcix kih xbc svc eg vcpwjfc kv k vxpkxcdz xe velwc femmsijxz ~pe`lcmv xbpesdb k vcpjcv eg ikxjeikl

vxkihkphjch ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv ji ckfb eg xbcvc jvvsc kpckv)

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl tjll feixjisc jm~lcmcixkxjei eg rch-kmesix dpkixv gep gsll-xjmc KmcpjFep~v

~pedpkmv, tbjfb `cdki ji GZ 0>;>) Xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll `sjlh s~ei xbc lcvveiv lckpich gpem xbcvc ~jlexv ji jxv

GZ 0>;; ~pedpkmmjid) Xbc Fep~epkxjei cr~cfxv xbc jm~lcmcixkxjei eg rch-kmesix dpkixv xe pcvslx ji

dpckxcp cm~bkvjv ei ~pedpkm pcvslxv z dpkixccv) Xbc svc eg ikxjeikl ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv tjll hpjwc flckp

kih {skixjk`lc pcvslxv hcmeivxpkxjid xbc jm~kfx eg KmcpjFep~v dpkixcc jiwcvxmcix ji femmsijxjcv) Xbjv

tjll ~pewjhc `exb dpkixccv kih Fep~epkxjei vxk tjxb ki jifpckvch fk~kfjxz xe gefsv ei ~pedpkm {skljxz kih

vxpcidxbci ~pedpkm esxfemcv)

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl?

Xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx eg 0>>:Vsmmkpz eg Kffem~ljvbmcixv gpem Efxe`cp 6;, 0>>: ^pedpcvv Pc~epxv

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Pcfewcpz Kfx ^lkiXbc Fep~epkxjei pcfcjwch (2: mjlljei ji gsihjid gpem xbc Kmcpjfki Pcfewcpz kih Pcjiwcvxmcix Kfx eg 0>>: xe

gsih pesdblz ;;,3>> KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv ji xbc KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ~pedpkm) Ji GZ 0>>:, ;0:

dpkixv tcpc ktkphch xe fsppcix ikxjeikl, pcdjeikl kih lefkl KmcpjFep~v dpkixccv tjxb ~pewci xpkfa pcfephv

xbkx hcmeivxpkxch xbc fk~kfjxz xe cstfjcixlz kih ccfxjwclz svc Pcfewcpz Kfx gsihv xe kvvjvx femmsijxjcv ji

icch) KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv gsihch xbpesdb xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx bkwc cidkdch ji k pkidc eg kfxjwjxjcv ji vcpwjfc

xe jihjwjhsklv kih femmsijxjcv kcfxch `z xbc cfeiemjf fpjvjv) Kfxjwjxjcv jiflshc, `sx kpc iex ljmjxch xe?

J Cm~lezmcix kih Vajll Xpkjijid pedpkmv

J Xsxepjid kih Ljxcpkfz

J Gjikifjkl Ljxcpkfz

J Bemc Gepcflevspcv kih Besvjid Kvvjvxkifc

J Besvjid Pcbk`jljxkxjei kih Kffcvv

J Bcklxbfkpc Kffcvv

J Iei~pex Fk~kfjxz @sjlhjid

J Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei kih Mkikdcmcix

Xbc vcpwjfc eg xbcvc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv jv elvxcpjid xbc fk~kfjxz eg femmsijxz epdkijkxjeiv xbkx kpc

gkfch tjxb ki jifpckvch icch gep xbcjp vcpwjfcv)

0> FIFV GZ 0>;; Feidpcvvjeikl @shdcx Osvxjfkxjei



25/96

KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Pcfewcpz ^cpgepmkifc Hkxk

Dpkixccv pcfcjwjid Pcfewcpz Kfx gsihv kih KmcpjFep~v mcm`cp ~evjxjeiv pc~epx ei xbcjp ~pedpcvv xetkph

mccxjid xbcjp ~cpgepmkifc deklv ei k {skpxcplz `kvjv) Ji xbcjp k~~ljfkxjeiv, xbcvc dpkixccv vclcfxch gpem

Fep~epkxjei-hcvjdich vxkihkphjch ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv kih%ep fpckxch xbcjp eti) Dpkixccv tbe eilz

pcfcjwch gsihv xe pc~lkfc levx gsihjid vespfcv he iex bkwc ~pedpkmmkxjf ~cpgepmkifc deklv)*

Xbc hkxk `clet kddpcdkxcv xbc ~cpgepmkifc eg xbc KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl dpkixccv xbpesdb

Vc~xcm`cp 6>, 0>>:, ei xbc vxkihkphjch ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv) Tbjlc xbcvc mckvspcv he iex pc~pcvcix kll eg

xbc kfxjwjxjcv ji tbjfb Pcfewcpz Kfx-gsihch KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv kpc cidkdch, xbcz bjdbljdbx acz

kffem~ljvbmcixv ji xbc kpck eg cfeiemjf pcfewcpz)


@shdcx Kfxjwjxz ;? KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl ^KPX

GZ 0>>:Acz Kffem~ljvbmcixv Cvxjmkxch

Cm~lezmcix kih Vajllv Xpkjijid ^pedpkmv

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid cm~lezmcix kih vajllv xpkjijid kih fesivcljid 2,32:

Ism`cp eg fljcixv ~lkfch ji oe`v kv k pcvslx eg xpkjijid%fesivcljid ;88Xsxepjid kih Ljxcpkfz

Ism`cp eg bespv eg xsxepjid kih ljxcpkfz vcpwjfcv ~pewjhch xe fljcixv 7;,276

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid xsxepjid kih ljxcpkfz vcpwjfcv 03,7;>

Gjikifjkl Ljxcpkfz

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid vcpwjfcv pclkxch xe ikifjkl ljxcpkfz 0,66>

Bemc Gepcflevspcv kih Besvjid Kvvjvxkifc

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid vcpwjfcv pclkxch xe bemc gepcflevspcv kih besvjid kvvjvxkifc ~pedpkmv 8,383

Ism`cp eg fljcixv tbe kpc k`lc xe pcmkji ji xbcjp besvjid) ;63

Besvjid Pcbk`jljxkxjei kih Kffcvv

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid besvjid pcbk`jljxkxjei, tckxbcpjkxjei kih cstfjcix-cicpdz vcpwjfcv 8,630

Ism`cp eg crjvxjid bemcv kih vxpsfxspcv pcbk`jljxkxch, tckxbcpjch ep mkhc mepc cicpdz-cstfjcix :06

Ism`cp eg bemcv kih vxpsfxspcv mkhc kffcvvj`lc gep hjvk`lch ~cpveiv ;4

Ism`cp eg bemclcvv jihjwjhsklv xpkivjxjeich jixe kephk`lc besvjid :3

Bcklxbfkpc Kffcvv

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwj id j igepmkxjei ei bcklxb jivspkifc, bcklxb fk pc kffcvv kih bcklxb cicxv ~pedpkmv ;>,>:;

Ism`cp eg fljcixv cipellch ji bcklxb jivspkifc kih bcklxb cicxv ~pedpkmv ;,;7:

Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei kih Mkikdcmcix

Ism`cp eg femmsijxz welsixccpv pcfpsjxch xe khhpcvv icchv ji xbcjp femmsijxjcv ;:,7>2

Ism`cp eg fljcixv vcpwch `z femmsijxz welsixccpv ;84,260

Vsmmkpz eg KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Pcfewcpz ^cpgepmkifc Hkxk


26/96

Crkm~lcv eg KmcpjFep~v Vxkxc kih Ikxjeikl Pcfewcpz Kfx KfxjwjxjcvXbc Fep~v Icxtepa Mjltksacc Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc Fep~v

Xbc Mjltksacc Femmsijxz Vcpwjfc Fep~v MFVF* jv ki KmcpjFep~v ~pedpkm e~cpkxch z Xbc Fep~v Icxtepa)

Hspjid xbc pc~epxjid ~cpjeh, 03 Tcllv Gkpde cm~lezccv xckmch tjxb MFVF fpctv xe cdji xbc pcbk`jljxkxjei eg

k ekphch, wkfkix ~pe~cpxz heikxch z Tcllv Gkpde) Tcllv Gkpde bevxch k ikxjeikl lm fpct xe ~pehsfc k wjhce

ei xbc ~peocfx xe kjp xe jxv cm~lezccv kih fsvxemcpv kx kll Tcllv Gkpde @kia pkifbcv, kih v~eivepch k TcllvGkpde Welsixccp Tepa Hkz xe ecp ~kjh xjmc ktkz gpem xbc estfc gep cm~lezccv tbe tcpc jixcpcvxch ji

kvvjvxjid MFVF tjxb xbc pcbk`jljxkxjei eg xbc ~pe~cpxz) Ckplz ji xbc mepijid, xbc Tcllv Gkpde cm~lezccv oejich

MFVF fpctv ji xbc hkjlz e~cpkxjid pcdjmci--`cdjiijid xbcjp hkz tjxb k pell fkll, ~bzvjfkl xpkjijid, pccfxjei

kih ~peocfx kvvjdimcixv) MFVF%Tcllv Gkpde tepa fpctv xbci vcx xe tepa pcmewjid crxcpjep kih jixcpjep

rxspcv kih gspijvbjidv ji ~pc~kpkxjei gep xbc pc`sjlhjid ~bkvc) Tbci fem~lcxch, xbc ~peocfx tjll `c k mehcl

gep vsvxkjik`lc sjlhjid ~pkfxjfcv kih flcki xcfb jm~pewcmcixv gep cicpdz cstfjcifz)

Mjfbjdki Vxkxc Femmjvvjei Mjfbjdki ^pjmkpz Fkpc Kvvefjkxjei

Cjdbx Pcfewcpz Kfx KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv ~pewjhch jigepmkxjei ei bcklxb jivspkifc, bcklxb fkpc kffcvv kih

bcklxb `cicxv ~pedpkmv xe 376 jihjwjhsklv) Eg xbjv xexkl, 060 eg xbevc jihjwjhsklv pcfcjwch mepc hjpcfx

kvvjvxkifc gpem xbc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv, pcvslxjid ji 43 `cjid ~pe~cplz kvvcvvch, 48 cjid pcgcppch xe

k~~pe~pjkxc bcklxb ~pedpkmv xe mccx xbcjp feixjisjid icchv, kih 4; pcfcjwjid gspxbcp chsfkxjei pcdkphjid

xbcjp bcklxb jvvscv) Ji khhjxjei, xbc mcm`cpv ~pewjhch gellet-s~ chsfkxjei kih esxpckfb xe 6: jihjwjhsklv,

tbjlc khhjxjeikl esxpckfb kxxcm~xv tcpc mkhc xe kiexbcp ;86 jihjwjhsklv) Mcm`cpv tcpc k`lc xe feixkfx

xbcvc jihjwjhsklv xbpesdb xbcjp vcpwjfc tjxb jixcp-kdcifz fellk`epkxjwcv, kx me`jlc geeh ~kixpjcv, xbpesdb

chsfkxjeikl ~pcvcixkxjeiv kx k Lkxjie Bcklxb gkjp, kih z feihsfxjid esxpckfb ~pedpkm kvvcvvmcixv gep xbcjp

epdkijkxjei kih ~kpxicpjid kdcifjcv)




27/96

@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 0?

KmcpjFep~v WJVXKHemcvxjf Welsixccp Vcpwjfc Kfx eg ;:46, Xjxlc J, kpx K*

^pedpkm Vsmmkpz

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK jv xbc ikxjeikl vcpwjfc ~pedpkm hcvjdich xe dbx ~ewcpxz kih sjlh cfeiemjf e~~epxsijxz)

Ksxbepjch ji ;:78 kv Welsixccpv ji Vcpwjfc xe Kmcpjfk, xbc ~pedpkm tkv jifep~epkxch jixe xbc KmcpjFep~v

icxtepa eg ~pedpkmv ji ;::6) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK vs~~epxv cepxv xe kllcwjkxc ~ewcpxz ji sp`ki kih pspkl kpckv

`z cidkdjid jihjwjhsklv ;2 zckpv kih elhcp ji eic zckp eg gsll-xjmc vcpwjfc) Xbcvc KmcpjFep~v mcm`cpv sjlhxbc epdkijkxjeikl, khmjijvxpkxjwc kih ikifjkl fk~kfjxz eg ~pedpkmv xbkx bcl~ let-jifemc Kmcpjfkiv dkji

xbc vajllv kih pcvespfcv xbcz icch xe pcka xbc fzflc eg ~ewcpxz) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv kpc kvvjdich xe

iei~pex femmsijxz epdkijkxjeiv kih ~s`ljf kdcifjcv xbpesdb ki k~~ljfkxjei ~pefcvv mkikdch z xbc

Fep~epkxjeiv Vxkxc Estfcv) S~ei fem~lcxjei eg xbcjp xcpm eg vcpwjfc, mcm`cpv vclcfx `cxtcci xte cih-eg-

vcpwjfc cicxv? k fkvb vxj~cih ~kjh gpem xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK k~~pe~pjkxjei ep xbc Vcdkl KmcpjFep~v

Chsfkxjei Ktkph, ~kjh gpem xbc Ikxjeikl Vcpwjfc Xpsvx)

Xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ~pedpkm jv dsjhch z xbc fepc ~pjifj~lcv eg vsvxkjik`jljxz, fk~kfjxz `sjlhjid, kih

femmsijxz cm~etcpmcix) Xbpesdb kfxjwjxjcv vsfb kv gsihpkjvjid, cvxk`ljvbmcix eg welsixccp pcfpsjxmcix

kih mkikdcmcix vzvxcmv, femmsijxz esxpckfb kih ~kpxicpvbj~ hcwcle~mcix, mcm`cpv vxpcidxbci lefkl

epdkijkxjeiv kih jm~pewc xbcjp k`jljxz xe fkppz esx xbcjp ~pedpkmv) V~eivepjid epdkijkxjeiv msvx civspc

xbkx xbcjp ~peocfx cidkdcv pcvjhcixv eg xbc xkpdcxch let-jifemc femmsijxz ji xbc ~lkiijid, hcwcle~mcix kihjm~lcmcixkxjei eg xbc ~peocfx xe tbjfb mcm`cpv kpc kvvjdich) Ji hejid ve, xbc ~pedpkm ~pemexcv vcpwjfc

kih femmsijxz cidkdcmcix kx xbc lefkl lcwcl)

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv pcfcjwc k vmkll ljwjid klletkifc, xpkjijid, bcklxb fkpc, fbjlh fkpc, kih xpkwcl ep

pclefkxjei fevxv1 xbc epdkijkxjeiv xbkx v~eivep mcm`cpv k`vep` mevx eg xbc fevxv pclkxch xe ~peocfx

vs~cpwjvjei kih ledjvxjfkl vs~~epx) V~eivepjid epdkijkxjeiv mkz ~kpxjfj~kxc ji k fevx-vbkpc kdpccmcix tjxb

xbc Fep~epkxjei kih ~kz xbc ljwjid klletkifc gep eic ep mepc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv k ~pkfxjfc xbkx


@shdcx Kfxjwjxz 0? KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ^KPX

Cvxjmkxch Jifpckvc% GZ 0>>: GZ 0>>: GZ 0>;> GZ 0>;; Hcfpckvc

@shdcx Jxcmv Kfxskl Pcfewcpz Kfx Cikfxch Pc{scvx "0>;>-0>;;*

Vs`vjvxcifc Klletkifc (82,004 (67,776 (8:,782 (8:,633 -(027

^evx-Vcpwjfc Vxj~cih 0,0;0 ;,000 0,0;0 0,702 8;3

Bcklxb Fkpc ;3,>>> :,3>> ;7,673 ;4,620 ;,>;4

Fbjlh Fkpc ;,60> 602 ;,663 ;,60: -;6

Tepacpv Fem~civkxjei 2>> - 2>> 2>> -

Xpkwcl, Pclefkxjei ' Vcxxljid Ji 8,60; 3,642 8,862 86:: -6:

Vs~cpwjvjei ' Xpkiv~epxkxjei 7,:84 8,>4; 7,2>8 7,684 -834

Xcfbieledz Vs~~epx 8>> - 3;0 :2> 872

Xpkjijid ;3,602 7,276 ;3,8;3 ;6,03> -0,;73Cwklskxjei, cxf) 38 - 7> 7> -

Pcfpsjxmcix kih Esxpckfb ;,88; :43 ;,823 ;,84> -;3

Xexkl @shdcx Ksxbepjxz :7,>3> 73,>>> ::,>48 :2,>>> -;,>48

^peocfxch Mcm`cpv 4,02: 6,473 4,773 4,773 >

Xk`lc 2) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK @shdcx Vsmmkpz hellkpv ji xbesvkihv*


28/96


29/96

Gelletjid xbc ~kvvkdc eg xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx kih k~~pewkl eg xbc ~pedpkm ~lki, xbc Fep~epkxjei ~lkfch ki

khhjxjeikl 6,473 KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv ji GZ 0>>:) Xbcvc mcm`cpv kpc fsppcixlz vcpwjid ji ickplz 7>>

~peocfxv kfpevv xbc fesixpz) Khhjxjeikl ~cpgepmkifc kih ikifjkl jigepmkxjei ei xbc Fep~epkxjeiv Pcfewcpz

Kfx kfxjwjxjcv fki `c gesih kx xbc cih eg xbjv fbk~xcp)

Klve, ji GZ 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei sihcpxeea k ^peocfx Vsvxkjik`jljxz Kvvcvvmcix eg xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK

~pedpkm, kjmch v~cfjfkllz kx ~pewjhjid jigepmkxjei ei xbc crxcix xe tbjfb xbc ~pedpkm bcl~chepdkijkxjeiv vsvxkji xbcjp kixj-~ewcpxz ~pedpkmv kx lckvx xte zckpv kgxcp xbc flevc-esx eg xbc dpkix) Pcvslxv kpc

cr~cfxch ji 0>;> kih xbc ikl pc~epx tjll jiflshc hjvfsvvjei eg acz gkfxepv xbkx bkwc cjxbcp khhch ep hcxpkfxch

gpem KmcpjFep~v WJVXKv vsffcvv ji xbjv kpck) Xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll svc xbc ihjidv xe cxxcp sihcpvxkih kih

vxpcidxbci xbc leid-xcpm jm~kfx eg xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK pcvespfc)

GZ 0>;; @shdcx Pc{scvx kih ^cpgepmkifc ^lkiGep GZ 0>;;, xbc Fep~epkxjei pc{scvxv (:2 mjlljei gep xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ~pedpkm, k hcfpckvc eg (;)>48

mjlljei gpem xbc cikfxch GZ 0>;> k~~pe~pjkxjei) Xbjv pc{scvx tjll vs~~epx xbc vkmc lcwcl eg KmcpjFep~v WJVXKv

kv ji GZ 0>;> sx xkacv jixe kffesix pcfcix pcgepmv xbkx bkwc letcpch xbc fevx eg e~cpkxjid xbc ~pedpkm) Xbc

Fep~epkxjei tjll gefsv KmcpjFep~v WJVXK dpkix mkajid ji xbc gelletjid kpckv? lefkl cfeiemjf dpetxb, oe`

fpckxjei, besvjid, kv tcll kv fpchjx kih kvvcx hcwcle~mcix) Ji khhjxjei, xbc kdcifz tjll mkac xkpdcxch

~pedpkmmkxjf jm~pewcmcixv kvch ei xbc ihjidv eg xbc peocfx Vsvxkjik`jljxz Kvvcvvmcix)

Xbc gsihjid klve tjll vs~~epx xbc me jljkxjei eg ewcp ;)6 mjlljei khhjxjeikl femmsijxz welsixccpv kih flevc

xe ;2 mjlljei bespv eg khhjxjeikl vcpwjfc) Xbc ~pedpkm klve cr~cfxv xe pkjvc (;43 mjlljei ji ji-ajih kih fkvb

heikxjeiv) Xbc ~pedpkm tjll kfbjcwc xbcvc xkpdcxv z feixjisjid xe pcjigepfc welsixccp me`jljkxjei kih

pcvespfc dcicpkxjei vajllv ji ^pc-Vcpwjfc Epjcixkxjei kih ji xbc eidejid xpkjijid e~~epxsijxjcv ~pewjhch xe

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK xbpesdbesx xbcjp vcpwjfc)

Tbjlc vs`vjvxcifc kih bcklxb fkpc fevxv feixjisc xe pjvc, xbc Fep~epkxjei bkv pckljch vjdijfkix vkwjidv ji

exbcp kpckv eg xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK shdcx, jiflshjid xpkjijid, xpkwcl, kih vs~cpwjvjei kih xpkiv~epxkxjei

dpkixv) Kv k pcvslx, xbc pc{scvx tjll vs~~epx k xexkl eg 4,773 mcm`cpv 7,;>> gsll xjmc mcm`cpv kih ;,373

Vsmmcp Kvvefjkxcv xbc vkmc lcwcl kv ji GZ 0>;>)

Xbc ~peocfxch vkwjidv tjll c kfbjcwch tbjlc mkjixkjijid {skljxz ~pedpkmmjid `z jhcixjgzjid kpckv eg

cstfjcifz, jiflshjid mepc ccfxjwc svc eg hjvxkifc-lckpijid mehclv gep ji-vcpwjfc xpkjijid eg KmcpjFep~v

WJVXK) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK klve jifpckvch jxv ~peocfxch fevx vbkpc xkpdcx gpem ;4 ~cpfcix eg mcm`cp vcpwjfc

zckpv ji GZ 0>;> xe 0> ~cpfcix ji GZ 0>;;)

Kv k pcvslx eg xbcvc fbkidcv, xbc fevx ~cp mcm`cp vcpwjfc zckp ~peocfxch gep GZ 0>;; jv (;2,028 (;;8 lcvv

xbki xbc ~peocfxch GZ 0>;> lcwcl) Tbjlc xbc ~pedpkm fkiiex kvvsmc xe kfbjcwc xbcvc vkmc lcwclv eg vkwjidv

ckfb zckp, xbc Fep~epkxjei tjll feixjisc pcwjctjid KmcpjFep~v WJVXKv xpkjijid kih ~pedpkmmjid mehclv ewcp

xbc femjid meixbv xe jhcixjgz khhjxjeikl fevx vkwjidv kih mkrjmjc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK pcvespfcv ewcp xjmc)

Xbcvc fbkidcv klve ~evjxjei xbc KmcpjFep~v WJVXK ~pedpkm gep xbc dpetxb kixjfj~kxch `z xbc Aciichz Vcpwc

Kmcpjfk Kfx)




30/96

Ji GZ 0>;;, xbc Fep~epkxjei klve tjll xkpdcx pcvespfcv xe vxpcidxbci crjvxjid ~pedpkmv, kih feixjisc xe

hcwcle~ ict pclkxjeivbj~v tjxb epdkijkxjeiv xbkx kpc tepajid xe dbx ~ewcpxz kih `sjlh cfeiemjf

e~~epxsijxz gep ~eep Kmcpjfkiv) Cm~bkvjv tjll `c ~lkfch ei ~pedpkmv xbkx mevx hjpcfxlz vxjmslkxc lefkl

cfeiemjf dpetxb, ji xbc kpckv eg oe` fpckxjei, besvjid, kih fpchjx kih kvvcx hcwcle~mcix)

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK?

Xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx eg 0>>:^pedpcvv Pc~epx, Efxe`cp 6;, 0>>:

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK Pcfewcpz Kfx ^lkiK ~pedpkm hcvjdich xe feigpeix ~ewcpxz kih fpckxc cfeiemjf e~~epxsijxz, KmcpjFep~v WJVXK jv bcl~jid xe

khhpcvv xbc cfeiemjf fbkllcidcv xbc ikxjei gkfcv xehkz) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK pcfcjwch (73 mjlljei ji gsihjid

gpem xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx) @z K~pjl 08, 0>>:, xbc Fep~epkxjei vtepc ji jxv pvx febepx eg 0>> mcm`cpv) @z

Vc~xcm`cp 6>, 0>>:, 6,473 Pcfewcpz Kfx-gsihch KmcpjFep~v WJVXKv bkh cci ~lkfch ji 340 kixj-~ewcpxz

~peocfxv xbpesdbesx xbc fesixpz) Xbcvc mcm`cpv vs~~epx xbcjp ~peocfxv ji k pkidc eg kpckv jiflshjid xbc

gelletjid?

J Cm~lezmcix kih vajllv xpkjijid

J Gjikifjkl xicvv

J Bemc gepcflevspc ~pcwcixjei kih besvjid kvvjvxkifc

J Iei~pex fk~kfjxz `sjlhjid

J Welsixccp dcicpkxjei kih mkikdcmcix

J Exbcp kfxjwjxjcv xbkx tjll vs~~epx cfeiemjf hcwcle~mcix ji femmsijxjcv

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK Pcfewcpz ^cpgepmkifc Hkxk Kfx^pjep xe ktkphjid kiz WJVXK pcvespfcv sihcp xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx, xbc Fep~epkxjei esxljich k vcx eg ~cpgepmkifc

mckvspcv gep ~peocfxv pcfcjwjid WJVXKv sihcp xbc Pcfewcpz Kfx) Tbjlc xbcvc mckvspcv he iex pc~pcvcix kll eg

xbc kfxjwjxjcv WJVXKv mkz c ~cpgepmjid, xbcz bjdbljdbx acz kffem~ljvbmcixv ji xbc kpck eg cfeiemjf

pcfewcpz) K xexkl eg 340 ~peocfxv v~eivepjid xbc 6,473 Pcfewcpz Kfx WJVXKv pc~epxch ei xbc gelletjid hkxk

kdkjivx xbcvc ~cpgepmkifc mckvspcv) Xbc hkxk pccfx kffem~ljvbmcixv gep xbc pc~epxjid ~cpjeh eg K~pjl 08,

0>>: xbpesdb Efxe`cp 6;, 0>>:)


^KPX JJJ @shdcx Kfxjwjxz 0? KmcpjFep~v WJVXK

GZ 0>>4 GZ 0>>2 GZ 0>>: GZ 0>>: GZ 0>;> GZ 0>;;Kfxskl Kfxskl Kfxskl Pcfewcpz Kfx Xkpdcx Xkpdcx

K~~pe~pjkxjei ji xbesvkihv* (:3,872 (:6,2>> (:7,>3> (73,>>> (::,>48 (:2,>>>

Ism`cp eg Ict Mcm`cpv Cipellch 7,230 4,8>8 4,02: 6,473 4,773 4,773

Ism`cp eg Mcm`cp Vcpwjfc Zckpv MVZv*;

3,8:2 3,884 3,8;2 6,;73 3,623 3,67>Fevx ~cp MVZ; (;4,678 (;4,00> (;4,:24 0>,364 (;2,6:2 (;2,028

Kwcpkdc Bcklxbfkpc Fevx ~cp Mcm`cp (0,8;6 (0,438 (0,:4> (6,>6: (6,>6: (6,6>>

; K Mcm`cp Vcpwjfc Zckp MVZ* pc~pcvcixv ki cvxjmkxc eg xbc fevx eg vs~~epxjid ki jihjwjhskl WJVXK mcm`cp gep ki cixjpc vfkl zckp) Xbc fevx jiflshcv hjpcfx cr~civcv

ljwjid klletkifcv* kih jihjpcfx cr~civcv pcfpsjxmcix kih esxpckfb*) Xbc fevx ~cp MVZ jv xbc k~~pe~pjkxjei hjwjhch z xbc ism`cp eg MVZv)

Xk`lc ;>) KmcpjFep~v WJVXK Fevx Vsmmkpz


31/96

K Vclcfxjei eg KmcpjFep~v WJVXK Pcfewcpz ^kpxicpv^peocfx? Zesxb Feivcpwkxjei Fep~v, Jif)

J Lefkxjei? Tksacdki, Jlljiejv

J Gefsv? Ljgc kih tepa vajllv hcwcle~mcix, DCH xpkjijid, cm~lezmcix kvvjvxkifc

J Xte KmcpjFep~v Kfx WJVXK mcm`cpv

Zesxb Feivcpwkxjei Fep~v ZFF*, Jif) bcl~v kx-pjva, cfeiemjfkllz hjvkhwkixkdch zesxb dcx xbcjp ljwcv `kfa eixpkfa, fem~lcxc xbcjp DCH, kih lckpi bet xe leea gep k oe`) ZFF klve ~pewjhcv cm~lezmcix xpkjijid kih

ciwjpeimcixkl chsfkxjei xpkjijid xe bjdb vfbeel zesxb z cidkdjid xbcm ji feivcpwkxjei ~peocfxv) Xbc

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv kx ZFF feihsfx femmsijxz esxpckfb kih pcfpsjx welsixccpv gep ciwjpeimcixkl

pcvxepkxjei kih flckis~ eg xte pjwcpv ji xbc kpck) Xbcvc mcm`cpv bkwc pcfpsjxch :> femmsijxz welsixccpv,

tbe bkwc feixpj`sxch 83> bespv eg vcpwjfc) Gsihpkjvjid cwcixv kih dpkix tpjxjid jijxjkxjwcv z xbc KmcpjFep~v

WJVXK mcm`cpv bkwc pesdbx ji ickplz (703,>>>) Xbcvc pcvespfcv bcl~ch gsih cm~lezmcix kih vajllv xpkjijid

kih fesivcljid gep 66 fljcixv, pcvslxjid ji 03 oe` ~lkfcmcixv) Xbc fljcixv klve pcfcjwch ikifjkl ~lkiijid kih

ljxcpkfz vcpwjfcv)



Iei ^pex Fk~kfjxz @sjlhjid

Hellkp wklsc eg fkvb pcvespfcv hcwcle~ch z KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv (;>,:26,:28

Hellkp wklsc eg iei-fkvb pcvespfcv hcwcle~ch z KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv (4,60:,:;7

Ism`cp eg ict fljcixv vcpwch ;40,>06

Ism`cp eg ict vcpwjfcv ecpch xe fljcixv 84>

Welsixccp Dcicpkxjei kih Mkikdcmcix

Ism`cp eg jihjwjhsklv tbe vcpwch kv femmsijxz welsixccpv ji zesp ~pedpkm ;;3,34>

Ism`cp eg vcpwjfc bespv ~cpgepmch z femmsijxz welsixccpv ;,4>7,>47

Ism`cp eg vcpwjfc bespv ~cpgepmch z WJVXK mcm`cpv ;,76:,>8>

Ism`cp eg fljcixv vcpwch `z femmsijxz welsixccpv ::0,3;:

Cm~lezmcix kih Vajllv Xpkjijid ^pedpkmv

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid cm~lezmcix kih vajllv xpkjijid kih fesivcljid 07,430

Ism`cp eg fljcixv ~lkfch ji oe`v kv k pcvslx eg xpkjijid%fesivcljid 3,686

Gjikifjkl ^lkiijid

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid vcpwjfcv pclkxch xe ikifjkl ~lkiijid%ljxcpkfz 08,>47

Bemc Gepcflevspcv kih Besvjid Kvvjvxkifc

Ism`cp eg fljcixv pcfcjwjid vcpwjfcv pclkxch xe ikifjkl ljxcpkfz 0,66>

Vsmmkpz eg KmcpjFep~v WJVXK Pcfewcpz ^cpgepmkifc Hkxk


32/96

^peocfx? Sijxch Tkz eg Fcixpkl Klk`kmk

J Vcpwjid? Occpvei, @lesix, Vx) Flkjp, Vbcl`z, kih Tklacp fesixjcv

J Gefsv? Kvvcx hcwcle~mcix, ikifjkl vxk`jljxz kih chsfkxjei

J Gesp KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv

Sijxch Tkz eg Fcixpkl Klk`kmk pcljcv ei KmcpjFep~v WJVXKv xe cr~kih jxv fk~kfjxz xe vxpcidxbci xbc cfeiemjfvcfspjxz eg let-xe-mehcpkxc jifemc Klk`kmjkiv1 v~cfjfkllz, xbpesdb esxpckfb kih pcfpsjxmcix gep xbc

Jihjwjhskl Hcwcle~mcix Kffesix ~pedpkm, hcwcle~mcix kih mkpacxjid eg ikifjkl ljxcpkfz chsfkxjei

pcvespfcv, cr~kihch WJXK jifemc xkr ~pc~kpkxjei kvvjvxkifc gep Fekljxjei ~kpxicpv, kih gepcflevspc ~pcwcixjei

kfxjwjxjcv) Xbpesdb xbc cepx eg gesp Pcfewcpz Kfx-gsihch KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv, xbc Sijxch Tkz eg

Fcixpkl Klk`kmk bkv vs~~epxch 3,67; fljcixv, ~pewjhjid ikifjkl ~lkiijid kih gepcflevspc kih besvjid

kvvjvxkifc xe ickplz 6,>4> fljcixv) Vcwci fljcixv tcpc k`lc xe pjid xbcjp mepxdkdc fsppcix, xbpcc fljcixv tcpc

k`lc xe pcikifc xbcjp mepxdkdc, vjr fljcixv pcfcjwch k pcwcpvc mepxdkdc, kih xte fljcixv jijxjkxch k

gep`ckpkifc%pc~kzmcix ~lki) Xbcvc mcm`cpv klve pcfpsjxch 64 femmsijxz welsixccpv, tbe feixpj`sxch mepc

xbki ;,43> bespv eg vcpwjfc)

^peocfx? Dpetjid Bemc, Jif)

J Vcpwjid? Hciwcp kih Khkmv Fesixz kpck, Tcvxmjivxcp, Felepkhe V~pjidv, kih ^sc`le

J Gefsv? Gepcflevspc ~pcwcixjei, besvjid kvvjvxkifc, ikifjkl ljxcpkfz

J Gesp KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv

K lckhjid vcpwjfc ~pewjhcp ji xbc Hciwcp Mcxpe kpck, Dpetjid Bemc, Jif) tepav xe ~pcwcix gkmjlz

bemclcvvicvv) Dpetjid Bemc klve ecpv ljgc vajllv flkvvcv, velsxjei-gefsvch fesivcljid, kih oe`-pckhjicvv

fekfbjid kih vs~~epx) Gesp KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv vs~~epx Dpetjid Bemc ji jxv cepxv xe kvvjvx gkmjljcv

kv xbcz tepa xe xpkivjxjei esx eg bemclcvvicvv ep ickp-bemclcvvicvv* kih jixe vclg-vsstfjcifz) Xbc

KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv feihsfx icchv kvvcvvmcix kih epdkijkxjeikl cwklskxjeiv, hcwcle~ ~kpxicpvbj~v,

veljfjx pcvespfcv, tpjxc dpkixv kih mkac ~pcvcixkxjeiv, kih pcfpsjx kih xpkji welsixccpv)

Xe mccx xbc jifpckvch hcmkih kx xbc geeh kia kv k pcvslx eg xbc cfeiemjf vjxskxjei, eic mcm cp, Cljvk cxb

Bciji, cvxk`ljvbch k ict ~kpxicpvbj~ tjxb k lefkl `pkifb eg Gkpmcpv kih Bsixcpv Gcchjid xbc Bsidpz GBGB*)

Tc tcpc k`lc xe pcfcjwc ;>> ~esihv eg ~pefcvvch dkmc cla kih hccp* xbkx tkv heikxch z ljfcivch bsixcpv

xe k lefkl mccx ~pefcvvjid gkfjljxz, vkjh Bciji) Kv mckx jv vemcxbjid tc pkpclz vxefa ji esp geeh kia, xbjv

heikxjei gpem GBGB klletch xe sv xe civspc xbkx esp geeh kia fljcixv bkwc kffcvv xe ~pexcji xe vs~~lcmcix

xbcjp hjcxv)

Kv eg Efxe`cp 6;, 0>>:, xbc Bciji kih xbc exbcp KmcpjFep~v WJVXK mcm`cpv bkwc bcl~ch Dpetjid Bemc

~pewjhc 88 fljcixv tjxb ikifjkl ~lkiijid kih ljxcpkfz vcpwjfcv kih cm~lezmcix kih vajllv xpkjijid, kih 67

fljcixv tjxb gepcflevjid kih besvjid kvvjvxkifc) Kv k pcvslx, gesp fljcixv bkwc pcfcjwch oe`v kih ;3 fljcixv bkwc

pcmkjich ji xbcjp bemcv)


^KPX JJJ @shdcx Kfxjwjxz 0? KmcpjFep~v WJVXK

8/9/2019 CNCS 2011 Congressional Budget Justification || Corporation for Na

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