CMP 101 Set 1 Intro

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Fundamentals ofComputer and

programming in C(CMP 101 )

INTRODUCTIONTO COMPUTERS

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What Is Computing?

Computing is an activity that: needs

computers to perform a task, or

create Computers.

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Tasks

Designing and building hardwaresystems.

Designing and building software

systems. Processing, structuring, and managing

information;

Doing scientific research usingcomputers;

Creating Intelligent systems;

Creating and using communications

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Computing Today

ElectricalElectroni

cs

ComputerEngineering

ComputerScience

SoftwareEngineering

InformationTechnology

Information

Systems

HARDWARE SOFTWARE ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS


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Computer Engineering

Computer Engineering isconcerned with the design andconstruction of computers and

computer-based systems.

It involves the study of hardware,software, communications, and the

interaction among them.


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Computer Science

Computer science is the study of thetheoretical foundations ofinformation and computation, and of

practical techniques for theirimplementation and application incomputer systems.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information

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Information Systems

Information Systems (IS) isconcerned with the strategic,managerial and operational activities

involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing and use ofinformation, and its associated

technologies, in society andorganizations.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_management

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Information Technology

Information technology is thecomputing needs for business,government, healthcare, schools,

and other kinds of organizations.

The term information technology isoften used to refer to all of

computing.


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Software Engineering

Software engineering is the disciplineof developing and maintainingreliable, efficient, and affordable

software systems.


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Expectations

Computer engineers should be able to design andimplement systems that involve the integration of softwareand hardware devices.

Computer scientists should be prepared to work in a

broad range of positions involving tasks from theoreticalwork to software development.

Information systems specialists should be able toanalyze information requirements and business processesand be able specify and design systems that are aligned

with organizational goals.

Information technology professionals should beable to work effectively at planning, implementation,configuration, and maintenance of an organizationscomputing infrastructure.

Software engineers should be able to properlyhttp://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/s

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M S

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Ma e Sure you remem er anunderstand these terms and define

them in your own words Computers Computing Goal oriented activity System

Hardware Software Processing Structuring Managing

Information Intelligent system Communication media Entertainment media

Computer Engineering Computer Science Software Engineering Information Technology

Information systems computer-based systems computation strategic operational

storing reliable efficient affordable


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What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device .

INPUT

DEVICEOUTPUT

DEVICE

SECONDARY

STORAGE DEVICE

Control Unit

Arithmetic

Logic Unit

MAIN (PRIMARY)

MEMORY

CPU

Motherboard

ALU

COMPUTER

ORGANIZATION

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BASIC COMPUTEROPERATIONS

Input unit: used for enteringdata and programs (code)

into storage (memory) unit. Storage unit: Stores data and

programs (Code) into

Primary/Secondary storage(memory)


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MEMORY

Primary Memory--Primary storageor memory: Is where the data andprogram that are currently in

operation or being accessed arestored during use.

Secondary Memory-- Stores

instructions and data betweensessions

A file stores data or instructions in

secondary memory14/04/12 http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/shardafundamental

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Primary Memory

Consists of electronic circuits:Extremely fast and expensive.

Two types:

RAM (non-permanent) Programs and data can be stored here for the

computers use.

Volatile: All information will be lost once thecomputer shuts down.

ROM (permanent) Contents do not change.


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Secondary Memory

A computer might have any of thesetypes of secondary memory Hard disk

Fast

Fixed in the computer and not normally removed Floppy disk

Slow

Easily shared with other computers

Compact disk Slower than hard disks

Easily shared with other computers

Can be read only or re-writable


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Primary storage(memory)

0 1 2 3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

DataSegme

nt

Code

Segment

Colum#Row #

ADDRESS

(2,0)

(9,2)

(Row #, Col 3)

(4,3)

Data

Code : Add content of address (2,0) and content ofaddress (4, 3) and store the result at (3,2) i.e. replace

(3,2)

C (2,0)+C(4,3) C(3,2)


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Store the data item 50 ataddress (2,0)

1.Ask the input device totake the number 50 and

send it to the mainmemory.

2.Ask the control unit tostore it in the datasegment at memory cell


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Store the data item 60 ataddress (4,3)

3. Ask the input device totake the number 60 and

send it to the mainmemory.

4. Ask the control unit tostore it in the data

segment at memory cell14/04/12 http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/s

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St th i t ti C

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Store the instruction C(2,0)+C(4,3) C(3,2) at

address (9,2)5. Ask the input device totake the instruction C

(2,0)+C(4,3) C(3,2) andsend it to the mainmemory.

6. Ask the control unit tostore it in the code

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Instruction execution

Ask the control unit to

ask the ALU toexecute the

instruction given atthe cell address (9,2).


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BASIC COMPUTEROPERATIONS

Central Processing unit (CPU):Performs arithmetic and logicaloperations using ALU and

Control unit.

Controls input,

processing andoutput units inside

the computer.14/04/12 http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/s

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ALU Executes C (2,0)+C(4,3) C(3,2)

Takes 50 from the cell (2,0) andkeeps it in his blue cell

Takes 60 from the cell (4,3) and

keeps it in his red cell Adds contents of blue and red cells

and keeps the result in green cell

+

Asks control unit to send (store,copy, ) the content of green cellinto the data segment cell at

address (3,2)

50

60

50 60 110


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Step-by-Step ExecutionProcess

0 1 2 3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

DataSegme

nt

Code

Segment

Colum#Row #

ADDRESS

(2,0)

(9,2)

(Row #, Col 3)

(4,3)

Code : Add the content of the address (2,0) and the content ofthe address (4, 3) and store the result at (3,2) i.e. replace the

(3,2)

5

0 60

50 60 110

11

0


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Output Device

here is the result?How can we see itAsk an output device to display it,but How?

SimpleAsk the control unit to send thecontent of the cell at address

(3,2) to an output device todisplay it.The requested output device displaysthe result


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Summary

All computers perform five basicoperations: Input, store,

process, control, and output.The main sub-systemsof a

computer system are: Input

system, Processing System(CPU)that contains CU & ALU, StorageSystem (Primary Memory &

secondary memory), and output14/04/12http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/s

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Summary

Input interface: Converts input data andcode into binarycodes understandable bythe computer.

Output interface: Receives binarycodesand coverts it into the human understoodform.

Storage system: Primary and Secondary.

Primary storage holds or stores data, code(instructions), and intermediate dataobtained by executing the code into the

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Summary

Secondary, auxiliary or backupmemory.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) executesinstructions

Control unit manages & coordinatesthe operations of all involvedsystems at a time.

Central processing unit: Control unit(CU) and ALU


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The System Concept

A system may have more than onesub-systems (element).

In a system, all its sub-systems arelogically related.

A system is designed to achieve apredefined goal or target.

All sub-systems are controlled to co-operate in performing the assignedtasks to achieve the systems goals.


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Learning outcome

understand basic organisation of computersystem

Understand computer operation

understand the meaning of ArithmeticLogical Unit, Control Unit and CentralProcessing Unit

define computer memory

differentiate between primary memory andsecondary memory

differentiate between primary storage andsecondary storage units

differentiate between input devices and14/04/12 http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/shardafundamental

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Practice Questions

List operations performed by eachsubsystem of a computer system.

Draw a block diagram to show thebasic computer organization.

What is an input interface? And whatis an output interface? What is thedifference between them?

Why do we need two types ofstorage ? How do they differ?


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Practice Questions

List the basic components of theCPU. Explain the role of eachcomponent.

What is address or memory address?

What is content?

What is memory cell? Can it also becalled bit, byte or word.

What are arithmetic operations?

What are logical operations?14/04/12 http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/shardafundamental

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Practice Questions

Why some people say informationsystem is nothing but input,processing, output (IPO)?

Why is it precise to call a computeras computer system?


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You must remember thesewords

Arithmetic

Logic

UnitControl

PRIMARY

DEVICE

ORGANIZATIO

N

SECONDARY

STORAGE

Electronic

MotherboardSegment

Colum

Row

ADDRESSContent

Replace

Control

Execute

Instruction

Cell

PerformsOperations

Logical

Inside

Display

Requested

Differentiate

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CMP 101 Set 1 Intro

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Transcript of CMP 101 Set 1 Intro