Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

download Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

of 8

Transcript of Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    1/8

    1994, 14(2):1431. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.14.2.1431.Mol. Cell. Biol.

    B Samal, Y Sun, G Stearns, C Xie, S Suggs and I McNiecea novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor.Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding

    http://mcb.asm.org/content/14/2/1431Updated information and services canbe found at:

    These include:

    CONTENT ALERTS

    morearticle),Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this

    http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtmlInformation about commercial reprint orders:http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to:

    http://http//mcb.asm.org/content/14/2/1431http://http//mcb.asm.org/content/14/2/1431http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/alertshttp://mcb.asm.org/cgi/alertshttp://mcb.asm.org/cgi/alertshttp://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtmlhttp://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtmlhttp://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtmlhttp://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtmlhttp://mcb.asm.org/cgi/alertshttp://http//mcb.asm.org/content/14/2/1431
  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    2/8

    MOLECULAR AND C E L L U L A R B I O L O G Y , F e b . 1 9 9 4 , p . 1 4 3 1 - 1 4 3 70 2 7 0 - 7 3 0 6 / 9 4 / 0 4 . 0 0 + 0C o p y r i g h t 1 9 9 4 , A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r M i c r o b i o l o g y

    C l o n i n g a n d C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e cDNA E n c o d i n g a NovelHuman P r e - B - C e l l C o l o n y - E n h a n c i n g F a c t o rBABRU SAMAL,1* YINGHAO SUN,' GEORGE S T E A R N S , ' CHUNSHAN X I E , 1

    SIDNEY S U G G S ,' AND IA N Mc NI E C E2D e p a r t m e n t s o f D e v e l o p m e n t a l B i o l o g y ' and D e v e l o p m e n t a l H e m a t o l o g y , 2 Amgen I n c . ,A m g e n C e n t e r , T h o u s a n d O a k s , C a l i f o r n i a 9 1 3 2 0R e c e i v e d 1 7 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 9 3 / R e t u r n e d f o r m o d i f i c a t i o n 2 7 O c t o b e r 1 9 9 3 / A c c e p t e d 1 8 November 1 9 9 3

    A n o v e l gene c o d i n g f o r t h e p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y - e n h a n c i n g f a c t o r ( P B E F ) h a s b e e n i s o l a t e d f r o m a humanp e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e cDNA l i b r a r y . T h e e x p r e s s i o n o f t h i s gene i s i n d u c e d b y p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n a n ds u p e r i n d u c e d b y c y c l o h e x i m i d e . I t i s a l s o i n d u c e d i n t h e T - l y m p h o b l a s t o i d c e l l l i n e HU T 7 8 a f t e r p h o r b o l e s t e r( p h o r b o l m y r i s t a t e a c e t a t e ) t r e a t m e n t . T h e p r e d o m i n a n t mRNA f o r PBEF i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 4 kb l o n g a n dc o d e s f o r a 5 2 - k D a s e c r e t e d p r o t e i n . The 3 ' u n t r a n s l a t e d region o f t h e mRNA h a s m u l t i p l e TATT m o t i f s ,u s u a l l y f o u n d i n c y t o k i n e a n d oncogene messages. The PBEF gene i s m a i n l y t r a n s c r i b e d i n human b o n emarrow l i v e r t i s s u e , a n d m u s c l e . We h a v e e x p r e s s e d PBEF i n C O S 7 a n d P A 3 1 7 c e l l s a n d h a v e t e s t e d t h eb i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e c o n d i t i o n e d medium as we l l as t h e a n t i b o d y - p u r i f i e d p r o t e i n i n d i f f e r e n t i n v i t r oa s s a y s . PBEF i t s e l f h a d no a c t i v i t y b u t s y n e r g i z e d t h e p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a t i o n a c t i v i t y o f s t e m c e l l f a c t o ra n d i n t e r l e u k i n 7 . I n t h e presence o f P B E F , t h e n u m b e r o f p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s w as i n c r e a s e d b y a t l e a s t 7 0 , va b o v e t h e amount s t i m u l a t e d b y s t e m c e l l f a c t o r p l u s i n t e r l e u k i n 7 . No e f f e c t o f PBEF was f o u n d w i t h c e l l s o fm y e l o i d o r e r y t h r o i d l i n e a g e s . T h e s e d a t a d e f i n e PBEF as a n o v e l c y t o k i n e w h i c h a c t s o n e a r l y B - l i n e a g eprecursor c e l l s .

    Bone marrow c e l l s se r v e as t h e p r i m a r y s i t e f o r B - c e l ll y m p h o g e n e s i s b y p r o v i d i n g a m i c r o e n v i r o n m e n t o f s t r o m a lc e l l s i n w h i c h t h e p r o g e n i t o r B c e l l s ca n d i f f e r e n t i a t e ( 7 , 8 ) .T h i s pr oc ess i s f i n e l y r e g u l a t e d b y b o t h p o s i t i v e a n d n e g a t i v es i g n a l s a t e a c h s t a g e o f a c t i v a t i o n , p r o l i f e r a t i o n , a n d d i f f e r -e n t i a t i o n . E s s e n t i a l r e g u l a t o r y e l e m e n t s f o r b o t h e a r l y a n dl a t e e v e n t s i n B - c e l l d e v e l o p m e n t h a v e b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d t ob e d e r i v e d f r o m a d h e r e n t f i b r o b l a s t i c s t r o m a l c e l l s ( 8 ) . T h e s ei n c l u d e i n t e r l e u k i n 1 b e t a ( I L - 1 > ) ( 1 ) , I L - 4 ( 2 9 ) , I L - 5 ( 3 0 ) ,I L - 6 ( 1 2 ) , I L - 1 1 ( 2 6 ) , a n d l o w - a n d h i g h - m o l e c u l a r - w e i g h tB - c e l l g r o w t h f a c t o r s ( 2 1 ) . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e e a r l y s t e p s o fB - c e l l l y m p h o g e n e s i s ar e c o n t r o l l e d b y I L - 7 ( 2 0 ) , w h i c h i ss y n e r g i z e d b y stem c e l l f a c t o r ( S C F ) ( 1 7 ) .H o w e v e r , t h e r e s e e m s t o b e a n e e d f o r a d d i t i o n a l f a c t o r sf o r t h e e a r l i e s t e v e n t s i n B - c e l l d e v e l o p m e n t . L e e e t a l . ( 1 4 )s h o w e d t h a t t h e m a j o r i t y o f c e l l s t h a t p r o l i f e r a t e i n r e s p o ns et o I L - 7 ar e B 2 2 0 + c e l l s . R e c e n t l y i t was d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a tp r e - B - c e l l f o r m a t i o n f r o m B 2 2 0 + i m m u n o g l o b u l i n - n e g a t i v ep r o g e n i t o r c e l l s a n d e x p r e s s i o n o f p h e a v y c h a i n o f i m m u -n o g l o b u l i n ar e u n i q u e l y d e p e n d e n t on t h e presence o f S 1 7s t r o m a l c e l l s a n d c a n n o t b e s t i m u l a t e d w i t h e i t h e r I L - 7 ,S C F , o r b o t h I L - 7 a n d S C F ( 2 ) . P r i m i t i v e c e l l s , d e f i n e d asl i n e a g e n e g a t i v e / S c a - 1 p o s i t i v e ( Li n -l - S ca - l +) , d o n o tr e s p o n d t o S C F p l u s I L - 7 , b u t i n t h e presence o f S CF p l u sI L - 3 a n d s t r o m a l c e l l s , L i n - 1 - S c a - l + c e l l s g e n e r a t e B 2 2 0 +c e l l s ( 1 6 a ) . D e t a i l e d s t u d i e s b y L a n d r e t h e t a l . ( 9 , 1 3 ) s u g g e s tt h a t a d d i t i o n a l s t r o m a l - c e l l - d e r i v e d b u t n o t - y e t - c h a r a c t e r -i z e d c y t o k i n e s c o n t r o l t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a l s t e p i n w h i c h t h em a t u r a t i o n o f i m m a t u r e B - c e l l precursors t o an I L - 7 - S C F -r e s p o n s i v e s t a t e occurs.I n t h i s r e p o r t , we d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e e f f e c t o f S CF a n dI L - 7 on m u r i n e p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a t i o n ca n b e s i g n i f i -c a n t l y e n h a n c e d b y a n o v e l c y t o k i n e - l i k e m o l e c u l e . T h i s

    * C o r r e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r . P h o n e : ( 8 0 5 ) 4 4 7 - 3 0 6 3 . F a x : ( 8 0 5 ) 4 4 7 -1 9 8 2 . E l e c tr o n i c m a i l a d d r e s s : s a m a l @ a m g e n . c o m .

    m o l e c u l e i s t h e p r o d u c t o f a n o v e l gen e w h i c h i s e x p r e s s e d i nb o n e marrow s t r o m a l c e l l s as w e l l as i n a c t i v a t e d humanl y m p h o c y t e s . We h a v e i s o l a t e d a n d c h a r a ct e r i z e d t h e cDNAc l o n e f r o m a c t i v a t e d l y m p h o c y t e s a n d h a v e t e r m e d t h i sp r o t e i n p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y - e n h a n c i n g f a c t o r ( P B E F ) .MATERIALS AND METHODS

    R e a g e n t s . Human p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d e n r i c h e d i n mononu-c l e a r c e l l s was b o u g h t f r o m H e m a c a r e , S h e r m a n O a k s ,C a l i f . Some cDNA l i b r a r i e s a n d m u l t i p l e t i s s u e N o r t h e r n(RNA) b l o t s a n d RNA f r o m v a r i o u s human t i s s u e s w e r eb o u g h t f r o m C l o n t e c h L a b o r a t o r i e s ( P a l o A l t o , C a l i f . ) . O l i -g o n u c l e o t i d e p r i m e r s a n d p r o b e s were s y n t h e s i z e d on anA p p l i e d B i o s y s t e m s ( F o s t e r C i t y , C a l i f . ) m o d e l 3 8 0 A o l i g o -n u c l e o t i d e s y n t h e s i z e r . A n t i b o d i e s were r a i s e d a t A n t i b o d i e sI n c . ( S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . ) . T h e p l a s m i d DNA i s o l a t i o n k i t wasf r o m Q i a g e n ( S t u d i o C i t y , C a l i f . ) . R e s t r i c t i o n enzymes wereb o u g h t f r o m B o e h r i n g e r Mannheim ( I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . ) a n dGIBCO-BRL ( G a i t h e r s b u r g , M d . ) .I s o l a t i o n a n d i n d u c t i o n o f human p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o -c y t e s . P e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e s were i s o l a t e d f r o mf r e s h l y p r e p a r e d b u f f y c o a t s on a F i c o l l - P a q u e s t e p g r a d i e n t( P h a r m a c i a , U p p s a l a , S w e d e n ) . M o n o n u c l e a r c e l l s p r e s e n ti n t h e i n t e r p h a s e were r e m o v e d a n d w a s h e d w i t h p h o s p h a t e -b u f f e r e d s a l i n e ( P B S ) t h r e e t i m e s a n d t h e n s u s p e n d e d i nRPMI 1 6 4 0 - 1 0 f e t a l c a l f s e rum. A b o u t 5 m i l l i o n c e l l s pe rm l were i n c u b a t e d w i t h p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n ( 1 0 , u g / m l ; S i g m a )f o r 1 5 h ; i n c u b a t i o n was f o l l o w e d b y an a d d i t i o n a l i n c u b a t i o nf o r 4 h i n t h e pr e s enc e o f c y c l o h e x i m i d e ( 1 0 , g / m l ) . I n c u b a -t i o n was c a r r i e d o u t a t 3 7 C i n 5 C O 2 .C o ns t r uc t i o n o f cDNA l i b r a r i e s . T o t a l RNA was i s o l a t e df r o m a c t i v a t e d l y m p h o c y t e s b y a g u a n i d i u m t h i o c y a n a t e -C s C l t e c h n i q u e ( 5 ) . P o l y a d e n y l a t e d RNA was s e l e c t e d b yo l i g o ( d T ) c h r o m a t o g r a p h y , e t h a n o l p r e c i p i t a t e d , a n d c e n t r i -f u g e d . Th e f i n a l p e l l e t was d i s s o l v e d i n water a n d k e p t i nl i q u i d n i t r o g e n i n a l i q u o t s .

    1 4 3 1

    V o l . 1 4 , N o . 2

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    3/8

    1 4 3 2 SAMAL E T AL.A b o u t 5 , u g o f p o l y ( A ) + RNA w a s u s e d f o r cDNA l i b r a r yc o n s t r u c t i o n . A f t e r d e n a t u r a t i o n w i t h m e t h y l m e r c u r y h y -d r o x i d e , o l i g o ( d T ) - p r i m e d d o u b l e - s t r a n d e d cDNA was s y n -t h e s i z e d ( 1 6 ) a n d t h e n m e t h y l a t e d w i t h E c o R I a n d A l um e t h y l a s e s . T h e t e c h n i q u e o f D o r s s e r s a n d P o s t m e s ( 1 0 ) wasu s e d t o i n t r o d u c e E c o R I a n d H i n d I I I s i t e s o n t h e 5 ' a n d 3 'e n d s o f t h e c D N A s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A f t e r d i g e s t i o n w i t h t h e

    E c o R I a n d H i n d I I I r e s t r i c t i o n e n z y m e s , cDNAs t h a t w e r el a r g e r t h a n 5 0 0 b p w e r e i s o l a t e d f r o m a n a g a r o s e g e l b ye l e c t r o e l u t i o n . T h e e u k a r y o t i c e x p r e s s i o n v e c t o r V 1 9 . 1 0 ,p r e d i g e s t e d w i t h E c o R I a n d H i n d I I I , was l i g a t e d w i t h t h ecDNA; l i g a t i o n w a s f o l l o w e d b y t h e t r a n s f e c t i o n o f c o m p e -t e n t E s c h e n c h i a c o l i DH5a c e l l s ( G I B C O - B R L ) . T h e cDNAl i b r a r y w a s f r o z e n i n a l i q u o t s a t - 8 0 C a f t e r t h e a d d i t i o n o fd i m e t h y l s u l f o x i d e t o 7 ( 2 2 ) .A r a n d o m - p r i m e d cDNA l i b r a r y was a l s o c o n s t r u c t e df r o m t h e s a m e mRNA t e m p l a t e s . B r i e f l y , t h e f i r s t - s t r a n dcDNA w a s s y n t h e s i z e d w i t h r a n d o m h e x a m e r n u c l e o t i d e s(LKB P h a r m a c i a , P i s c a t a w a y , N . J . ) a s t h e p r i m e r s . Ana d a p t o r c o n t a i n i n g t h e p a r t i a l B s t X I s e q u e n c e ( I n V i t r o g e n ,S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . ) was l i g a t e d t o t h e d o u b l e - s t r a n d e d cDNAp o o l . V e c t o r V 1 9 . 1 2 , w h i c h c o n t a i n s t w o n o n p a l i n d r o m i cB s t X I s i t e s , w a s d i g e s t e d w i t h t h e B s t X I r e s t r i c t i o n e n z y m ea n d l i g a t e d t o t h e cDNA. T r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f h o s t E . c o l i a n dt h e s t o r a g e o f t h e l i b r a r y w e r e d o n e a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e .H i g h - d e n s i t y s c r e e n i n g o f t h e o l i g o ( d T ) - p r i m e d p e r i p h e r a lb l o o d l y m p h o c y t e l i b r a r y was c a r r i e d o u t b y p l a t i n g a b o u t1 0 , 0 0 0 c o l o n i e s p e r 1 5 0 - m m p l a t e o n a G e n e S c r e e n mem-b r a n e ( 2 2 ) . A b o u t 2 0 p l a t e s w e r e s c r e e n e d w i t h t h e o l i g o n u -c l e o t i d e p r o b e ( s e e R e s u l t s ) f o r t h e s i g n a l p e p t i d a s e c l e a v a g es i t e ( s e e F i g . 1 ) . A f t e r t h r e e r o u n d s o f s c r e e n i n g , 8 0 c l o n e sw e r e i d e n t i f i e d a n d s e q u e n c e d , a m o n g w h i c h PBEF was o n e .A c o m m e r c i a l cDNA l i b r a r y o f HUT 7 8 c e l l s i n l a m b d ag t l l ( C l o n t e c h L a b o r a t o r i e s ) was t h e n s c r e e n e d b y u s i n g t h ePBEF cDNA f r a g m e n t f r o m p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e sa c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s p r o t o c o l . T h e cDNA wass e q u e n c e d a f t e r s u b c l o n i n g i n b l u e s c r i p t S K I I ( S t r a t a g e n e ,S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . ) . A r a n d o m - p r i m e d p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m -p h o c y t e l i b r a r y was t h e n s c r e e n e d t o i s o l a t e a n a d d i t i o n a l 5p o r t i o n o f PBEF cDNA. An o l i g o n u c l e o t i d e d e s i g n e d t or e p r e s e n t t h e 5 ' - m o s t p o r t i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l PBEF cDNAw a s u s e d a s t h e p r o b e .D N A s e q u e n c i n g a n d a n a l y s i s . P l a s m i d DNA p r e p a r e d b yQ i a g e n t e c h n i q u e was s e q u e n c e d b y t h e d i d e o x y c h a i nt e r m i n a t i o n m e t h o d ( 2 7 ) b y u s i n g s y n t h e t i c p r i m e r s . T h eDNA s e q u e n c e was a s s e m b l e d a n d a n a l y z e d b y t h e s e -q u e n c e a n a l y s i s p r o g r a m s ( 2 5 , 3 2 ) o f t h e G e n e t i c s C o m p u t e rG r o u p ( G C G ) ( U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n , M a d i s o n ) ( v e r s i o n7 . 2 ) o n a Vax c o m p u t e r ( W o r d s e a r c h , F A S T A ) . BL A ST a n do t h e r GC G p r o g r a m s were u s e d t o s e a r c h f o r h o m o l o g y o fPBEF cDNA t o s e q u e n c e s c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e f o l l o w i n gd a t a b a s e s : G e n B a n k ( r e l e a s e 7 7 . 0 ) , EMBL ( r e l e a s e 3 5 . 0 ) ,a n d S w i ss P r o t e i n ( r e l e a s e 2 5 . 0 ) . S t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s i s o fPBEF p r o t e i n was d o n e b y u s i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e GC Gp r o g r a m s . T h e S i g s e q l p r o g r a m was u s e d t o p r e d i c t t h es i g n a l p e p t i d e c l e a v a g e s i t e ( 1 1 ) .A n a l y s i s o f t i s s u e - s p e c i f i c e x p r e s s i o n . A m u l t i p l e - h u m a n -t i s s u e b l o t c o n t a i n i n g RNA f r o m b r a i n , h e a r t , k i d n e y , l i v e r ,l u n g , p a n c r e a s , p l a c e n t a , s p l e e n , a n d t e s t i s t i s s u e s a n ds k e l e t a l m u s c l e was p r o b e d w i t h 3 2 P - l a b e l l e d PBEF cDNAe s s e n t i a l l y a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s ( C l o n t e c h L a b -o r a t o r i e s ) p r o t o c o l . S t r i p p e d b l o t s were h y b r i d i z e d w i t hl a b e l l e d human , - a c t i n p r o b e t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t e q u a la m o u n t s o f RNA w e r e l o a d e d i n e a c h w e l l . T i s s u e - s p e c i f i ce x p r e s s i o n was a l s o a n a l y z e d b y u s i n g t h e r e v e r s e t r a n -s c r i p t a s e ( R T ) - P C R t e c h n i q u e . F o r R T - P C R , t o t a l RNA

    5 ' GC C TG C AGC A TC TC T GC A CCC GC C C GC TG C C C C GMCSF5 ' CTT GT C A C A A A C A GT GC A C C T A C T TC A A GT TC T IL-25' GC T TA T GTG CA C GA T GC A C CT GT A C GA TC A C TG IL-ID5' C CT GC T GC C TC C C C T GC C C C A GTA CCC C C A GGA IL-65' C GC C C C GGA C TC C AA GC T C C C A TG A C C C A G A C A IL-35'at gt c gac M WC S VT GC M CC H R YM YS M YCY A

    F I G . 1 . O l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r o b e d e s i g n . A n d e g e n e r a t e o l i g o n u c l e -o t i d e was d e s i g n e d on t h e b a s i s o f t h e s i m i l a r i t y i n t h e c o d i n gs e q u e n c e s o f G M - C S F , I L - 2 , I L - 1 p , I L - 6 , a n d I L - 3 a t t h e s i g n a lp e p t i d a s e p r o c e s s i n g s i t e . To r e p r e s e n t d e g e n e r a c y , t h e f o l l o w i n ga b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e u s e d : M , e i t h e r A o r C ; R , e i t h e r A o r G ; W , e i t h e rA o r T ; S , e i t h e r C o r T ; Y , e i t h e r C o r T ; V , e i t h e r A , C , o r G ; H ,e i t h e r A , C , o r T . A S a i l I r e s t r i c t i o n s i t e was a d d e d t o t h e 5 ' e n d o ft h e o l i g o m e r f o r u s e i n P C R .

    f r o m human b o n e marrow was i s o l a t e d w i t h p h e n o l - g u a n i -d i n e t h i o c y a n a t e a s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d ( 6 ) . T o t a l RNAf r o m h e a r t , k i d n e y , l i v e r , s p l e e n , a n d t h y m u s t i s s u e s a n ds k e l e t a l m u s c l e was b o u g h t f r o m C l o n t e c h L a b o r a t o r i e s .F i r s t - s t r a n d cDNA was s y n t h e s i z e d f r o m t h e a b o v e - m e n -t i o n e d RNA s a m p l e s w i t h R T ( B R L S u p e r s c r i p t ) . O n e - t e n t ho f t h e f i r s t - s t r a n d cDNA w as t h e n u s e d t o a m p l i f y t h e PBEFg e n e b y u s e o f s p e c i f i c p r i m e r s u n d e r s t r i n g e n t c o n d i t i o n s .PCR p r o d u c t s we r e r u n i n a 0 . 8 a g a r o s e g e l , t r a n s f e r r e d t oa G e n e S c r e e n P l u s ( D u P o n t , W i l m i n g t o n , D e l . ) m e m b r a n e ,a n d h y b r i d i z e d t o t h e PBEF i n t e r n a l p r o b e t o c o n f i r m t h ea u t h e n t i c i t y o f t h e PC R p r o d u c t s .E x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF a s a f u s i o n p r o t e i n . F o r t h e p r o d u c t i o no f a n t i b o d i e s , PBEF w as e x p r e s s e d i n E . c o l i a s a f u s i o np r o t e i n . T h e a m i n o - a c i d - e n c o d i n g p o r t i o n o f PBEF cDNAwas l i g a t e d i n f r a m e t o t h e 3 ' e n d o f a s y n t h e t i c b o v i n eg r o w t h h o r m o n e ( B G H ) c o d i n g s e q u e n c e a n d was p u t u n d e rt h e c o n t r o l o f t h e PL p r o m o t e r o f p l a s m i d pCFM 7 5 6 f o re x p r e s s i o n . C o m p e t e n t E . c o l i FM 5 c e l l s were t r a n s f o r m e dw i t h t h e f u s i o n g e n e a n d w er e g r o w n a t 2 8 C u n t i l t h e o p t i c a ld e n s i t y a t 6 0 0 nm was 0 . 3 t o 0 . 5 . T h e t e m p e r a t u r e w as t h e ni n c r e a s e d t o 4 2 C f o r 2 t o 3 h . E m e r g e n c e o f i n c l u s i o n b o d i e sw as v i s u a l i z e d w i t h a m i c r o s c o p e . E . c o l i c e l l s w er e t h e nl y s e d i n L a e m m l i b u f f e r . T h e c e l l u l a r p r o t e i n s w er e s e p a -r a t e d on a 1 0 p o l y a c r y l a m i d e g e l e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s - s o d i u md o d e c y l s u l f a t e ( P A G E - S D S ) g e l a n d s t a i n e d w i t h C o o -m a s s i e b l u e . A p r e p a r a t i v e PAGE w as r u n , a n d t h e r e s u l t i n gf u s i o n p r o t e i n b a n d w as c u t o u t , l y o p h i l i z e d , a n d i n j e c t e di n t o r a b b i t s t o r a i s e p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d i e s .T r a n s i e n t e x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF i n C O S 7 c e l l s . A b o u t 3 x 1 0 6C O S 7 c e l l s i n p h o s p h a t e - b u f f e r e d s a l i n e ( P B S ) w e r e t r a n s -f e c t e d w i t h V 1 9 . 1 2 v e c t o r DNA c o n t a i n i n g PBEF cDNA b ye l e c t r o p o r a t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s ( B T X , S a nD i e g o , C a l i f . ) p r o t o c o l . C e l l s w e r e i n c u b a t e d o v e r n i g h t a t3 7 C i n D u l b e c c o m o d i f i e d E a g l e m e d i u m ( G I B C O - B R L )c o n t a i n i n g 1 0 f e t a l c a l f serum a n d t h e n w e r e t r a n s f e r r e d t oa s e r u m - f r e e m e d i u m . A f t e r 7 2 h , t h e c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u mwas c o l l e c t e d , f i l t e r s t e r i l i z e d , a n d f r o z e n i n a l i q u o t s a t- 2 0 0 C .S t a b l e e x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF i n P A 3 1 7 c e l l s . T h e cDNA f o rPBEF was i n s e r t e d i n t o t h e MPZen v e c t o r ( 4 ) f o r e x p r e s s i o nu n d e r a M P S V p r o m o t e r . P s i 2 c e l l s ( 1 9 ) w e r e c o t r a n s f e c t e dw i t h MPZen-PBEF DNA a n d S V 2 Ne o DNA. C o l o n i e s w e r es e l e c t e d on G 4 1 8 . T o t a l RNA w as i s o l a t e d b y t h e r a p i dp h e n o l - t h i o c y a n a t e m e t h o d a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e a n d d o tb l o t t e d t o i d e n t i f y t h e b e s t p r o d u c e r . T h i s c o l o n y was g r o w nt o p r o d u c e v i r u s p a r t i c l e s w h i c h w e r e u s e d t o i n f e c t t h ea m p h o t r o p i c p a c k a g i n g c e l l l i n e P A 3 1 7 ( 1 9 ) . S e r u m - f r e ec o n d i t i o n e d medium w as g e n e r a t e d f r o m P A 3 1 7 c e l l s f o rp r o t e i n p u r i f i c a t i o n a n d b i o a s s a y s .P u r i f i c a t i o n o f PBEF. PBEF w as p u r i f i e d f r o m t h e t r a n s -

    MOL. C - E L L . B I O L .

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    4/8

    PRE-B-CELL C O L O N Y- E N HA N C IN G F A CT OR 1 4 3 3

    10 30 50M N P A A E A E F N ICGCGCGGCCCCTGTCCTCCGGCCCGAGATGAATCCTGCGGCAGAAGCCGAGTTCAACATC70 90 1 1 0L L A T D S Y K V T H Y K Q Y P P N T SCTCCTGGCCACCGACTCCTACAAGGTTACTCACTATAAACAATATCCACCCAACACAAGC1 30 150 1 7 0K V Y S Y F E C R E K K T E N S K L R KAAAGTTTATTCCTACTtTGAATGCCGTGAAAAGAAGACAGAAAACTCCAAATTAAGGAAG1 90 21 0 230V K Y E E T V F Y G L Q Y I L N K Y L KGTGAAATATGAGGAAACAGTATTTTATGGGTTGCAGTACATTCTTAATAAGTACTTAAAA250 270 29 0G K V V T K E K I Q E A K D V Y K E H FGGTAAAGTAGTAACCAAAGAGAAAATCCAGGAAGCCAAAGATGTCTACAAAGAACATTTC31 0 33 0 35 0Q D D V F N E K G W N Y I L E K Y D G HCAAGATGATGTCTTTAATGAAAAGGGATGGAACTACATTCTTGAGAAGTATGATGGGCAT37 0 39 0 41 0L P I E I K A V P E G F V I P R G N V LCTTCCAATAGAAATAAAAGCTGTTCCTGAGGGCTTTGTCATTCCCAGAGGAAATGTTCTC43 0 450 470F T V E N T D P E C Y W L T N W I E T ITTCACGGTGGAAAACACAGATCCAGAGTGTTACTGGCTTACAAATTGGATTGAGACTATT490 51 0 530L V Q S W Y P I T V A T N S R E Q K K ICTTGTTCAGTCCTGGTATCCAATCACAGTGGCCACAAATTCTAGAGAGCAGAAGAAAATA550 57 0 59 0L A K Y L L E T S G N L D G L E Y K L HTTGGCCAAATATTTGTTAGAAACTTCTGGTAACTTAGATGGTCTGGAATACAAGTTACAT61 0 630 650D F G Y R G V S S Q E T A G I G A S A HGATTTTGGCTACAGAGGAGTCTCTTCCCAAGAGACTGCTGGCATAGGAGCATCTGCTCAC67 0 69 0 71 0

    L V N F K G T D T V A G L A L I K K Y YTTGGTTAACTTCAaAGGAACAGATACAGTAGCAGGACTtGCTCTAATTAAAAAATATTAT730 75 0 7 70G T K D P V P G Y S V P A A E H S T I TGGAACGAAAGATCCTGTTCCAGGCTATTCTGTTCCAGCAGCAGAACACAGTACCATAACA790 81 0 830A W G K D H E K D A F E H I V T Q F S SGCTTGGGGGAAAGACCATGAAAAAGATGCTTTTGAACATATTGTAACACAGTTTTCATCA850 870 89 0V P V S V V S D S Y D I Y N A C E K I WGTGCCTGTATCTGTGGTCAGCGATAGCTATGACATTTATAATGCGTGTGAGAAAATATGG9 1 0 930 95 0G E D L R H L I V S R S T Q A P L I I RGGTGAAGATCTAAGACATTTAATAGTATCGAGAAGTACACAGGCACCACTAATAATCAGA9 70 99 0 1 0 1 0P D S G N P L D T V L K V L E I L G K KC 1030 1 050 1070F P V T E N S E G Y K L L P P Y L R V IT C CT GTT A CT G A G A A C T1090 1 1 10 1130Q G D G V D I N T L Q EI V EG K K Q KQ AGGGGATGGAGTAG_T_TA_T_CI TCAAATGA_GCTGACAA1150 1 170 1 1 9 0N W S I E N I A F G S G G G L L Q K L TA TGTGGA GT ATTGA A A A T A TTGC C TT C GG tT C GTGGT'GIA A G GC1210 1230 1250R D L L N C S F K C S Y V V T N G L G IA G A G A T C T CT T G A T G T T C C F T C A A G T G T A G C P A T G = 3 G T : C T A T G C C CT T G G G A T T1270 1290 1 3 1 0N V F K D P V A D P N KR S K K G R L SAACGTCTTCAAGGACCCAGTTGCTGATCCCAACAAAGGTCCAAAAAGGGCCGATTATCT1330 1350 13 7 0L H R T P A G N F V T L E E G KG D L ETTACATAGG CGCCAGCAGGGAAG'PAC CTGGAGGAAGGAAAAGGAG CTTGAG1390 14 10 1 43 0EY G Q D L L H T V F K N G K V T K S YGAATATGGTCAGGATCTTCTCCATACTGTCTTCAAGAATGGCAAGGTGACAAAAAGCTAT1450 14 70 1490S F D E I R K N A Q L N I E L E A A H HTCATTTGATGAAATAAGAAAAAATGCACAGCTGAATATTGAACTGGAAGCAGCACATCAT15 10 1530 1550* TATTGTACAGATGTGTGGGGTTTGTGTTTTATGATACATTACAGCCAAATTATTTGTTGGTTTATGGACATACTGCCCTTTCATTTTTTTTCTTTTCCAGTGTTTAGGTGATCTCAAATTAGGAAATGCATTTAACCATGTAAAAGATGAGTGCTAAAGTAAGCTTTTTAGGGCCCTTTGCCAATAGGTAGTCATTCAATCTGGTATTGATCTTTTCACAAATAACAGAACTGAGAAACTTTTATATATAACTGATGATCACATAAACAGATTTGCATAAAATTACCATGATTGCTTTATGTTTATATTTAACTTGTATTTTTGTACAAACAAGATTGTGTAAGaTATATTTGAAGTTTCAGTGATTTAACAGTCTTTCCAACTTTTCATGATTTTTATGAGCACAGACTTTCAAGAAAATACTTGAAAATAAATTACATTGCCTTTTGTCCATTAATCAGCAAATAAACATGGCCTTAACAAA GTTGTTCTGCCCCTTGTAGAATATGTATTAATCATTCTACATTAAAGAAAATAATGGTTCTTACTGGAATGTCTAGGCACTGTACAGTTATTATATATCTTGGTTGTTGTATTGTACCAGTGAAATGCCAAATTTGAAAGGCCTGTACTGCAATTTTATATGTCAGAGATTGCCTGTGGCTCTAATATGCACCTCAAGATTTTAAGGAGATAATGTTTTTAGAGAGAATTTCTGCTTCCACTATAG

    f e c t e d P A 3 1 7 c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m b y a f f i n i t y c h r o m a t o g r a -p h y o n a n a n t i b o d y c o l u m n . P o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d i e s a g a i n s tt h e BGH-PBEF f u s i o n p r o t e in w e r e p u r i f i e d o n a n A f f i - G e lp r o t e i n A c o l u m n ( B i o - R a d , R i c h m o n d , C a l i f . ) b y f o l l o w i n gt h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s p r o t o c o l . T h e p u r i f i e d a n t i b o d i e s w e r ec o u p l e d t o c y a n o g e n b r o m i d e - a c t i v a t e d S e p h a r o s e e s s e n -t i a l l y a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r o t o c o l p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e I m m u -n o p u r e a n t i g e n / a n t i b o d y i m m o b i l i z a t i o n k i t ( P i e r c e , R o c k -f o r d , I l l . ) . C o n d i t i o n e d medium f r o m P A 3 1 7 c e l l s p r o d u c i n gPBEF w a s a p p l i e d t o t h e a n t i b o d y c o l u m n , f r o m w h i c hPBEF w a s e l u t e d i n I m m u n o P u r e e l u t i o n b u f f e r , n e u t r a l i z e d ,a n d d i a l y z e d a g a i n s t PB S b e f o r e b e i n g u s e d i n d i f f e r e n tb i o a s s a y s .C o l o n y f o r m i n g a s s a y s . B o n e m a r r o w c e l l s , o b t a i n e d f r o mn o r m a l a d u l t BALB/c m i c e o r m i c e t r e a t e d w i t h 5 - f l u o r o -u r a c i l , w e r e p l a t e d i n d o u b l e - l a y e r a g a r c u l t u r e s i n 35-mmd i s h e s ( 3 ) . T h e a l p h a m o d i f i c a t i o n o f E ag l e ' s m i n i m a l e s s e n -t i a l medium ( F l o w L a b o r a t o r i e s ) s u p p l e m e n t e d w i t h 20f e t a l c a l f s e r u m w a s u s e d f o r a l l c u l t u r e s . G r o w t h f a c t o r sa nd / o r c o n di t i o n e d m e d i a w e r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e u n d e r l a ya t a maximum o f 1 3 . 2 o f t h e t o t a l c u l t u r e v o l u m e o f 1 . 5 m lp e r d i s h . C u l t u r e s w e r e g a s s e d w i t h a 5 0 2 - 1 0 C02-85N2 m i x t u r e a n d i n c u b a t e d f o r 1 0 t o 1 4 d a y s . O n l y c o l o n i e sc o n t a i n i n g 5 0 o r m o r e c e l l s w e r e s c o r e d . P r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e sw e r e i d e n t i f i e d a s d e n s e c o m p a c t c o l o n i e s a n d w e r e v e r i f i e dt o c o n t a i n B 2 2 0 + c e l l s b y f l u o r e s c e n c e - a c t i v a t e d c e l l s o r t e r( F A C S ) a n a l y s i s .

    RES ULTSPBEF i s a n o v e l c y t o k i n e - l i k e m o l e c u l e . A d e g e n e r a t eo l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r o b e w a s d e s i g n e d o n t h e b a s i s o f s i m i l a r i t yi n n u c l e o t i d e s e q u e n c e s s u r r o u n d i n g a n d c o d i n g f o r t h es i g n a l p e p t i d a s e c l e a v a g e s i t e s o f a n u m b e r o f c y t o k i n e s , i . e . ,g r a n u l o c y t e m a c r o p h a g e - c o l o n y - s t i m u l a t i n g f a c t o r ( G M -C S F ) , I L - 1 , B , I L - 2 , I L - 3 , a n d I L - 6 ( F i g . 1 ) . T h i s p r o b e c o u l db e u s e d t o i s o l a t e a u t h e n t i c c y t o k i n e g e n e s w i t h h o m o l o g y i nt h e s i g n a l p e p t i d a s e c l e a v a g e s i t e . F o r e x a m p l e , we w e r es u c c e s s f u l i n i s o l a t i n g I L - 1 3 , I L - 6 , I L - 8 , a n d a n u m b e r o f

    c h e m o k i n e s . C l o n e s w i t h s e q u e n c e h o m o l o g y o r c o m p l e -m e n t s t o t h i s o l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r o b e i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h eg e n e s w e r e a l s o i s o l a t e d . I n f a c t , PBEF b e l o n g s t o t h e l a t t e rc a t e g o r y .I n o r d e r t o d e c i d e w h i c h n o v e l c l o n e s t o p u r s u e , wea n a l y z e d t h e p a t t e r n s o f i n d u c i b i l i t y o f t h e s e g e n e s i n p e r i p h -e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e s i n v i t r o . M o s t c y t o k i n e g e n e s h a v eb e e n s h o w n t o b e i n d u c e d b y l e c t i n s a n d s u p e r i n d u c e d b yc y c l o h e x i m i d e ( 3 3 ) . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e p r e s e n c e o f d e s t a b i l i z i n gs e q u e n c e s s u c h a s TATT o n t h e 3 u nt r an sl a t ed r e g i o n o f t h ec l o n e s , a s a l i e n t f e a t u r e o f c y t o k i n e m e s s a g e s ( 2 8 ) , w a s a l s ot a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n . C l o n e s , s u c h a s PBEF, w h i c h m e tt h e s e c r i t e r i a w e r e s t u d i e d f u r t h e r . I s o l a t i o n o f f u l l - l e n g t hc l o n e s was f o l l o w e d b y s e q u e n c i n g , e x p r e s s i o n , a n d a n a l y s i so f t h e b i o l o g i c a l e f f e c t s o f t h e i r g e n e p r o d u c t s i n v a r i o u sb i o a s s a y s . T h e PBEF c l o n e was s o d e s i g n a t e d a f t e r i t sp r o d u c t was f o u n d t o b e a c t i v e i n a p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n yf o r m a t i o n a s s a y .We w e r e s u c c e s s f u l i n i s o l a t i n g a n u m b e r o f c l o n e s o fPBEF f r o m t h e o l i g o ( d T ) - p r i m e d a n d r a n d o m - p r i m e d p e r i p h -

    F I G . 2 . N u c l e o t i d e a n d p r e d i c t e d a m i n o a c i d s e q u e n c e s o fPBEF. T h e n u c l e o t i d e s e q u e n c e o f t h e c o d i n g s t r a n d i s s h o w n .D i f f e r e n t c l o n e s f o r PBEF w e r e s e q u e n c e d o n b o t h s t r a nd s w i t ho l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r i m e r s . T h e consensus s e q u e n c e o f PBEF waso b t a i n e d b y a l i g n i n g t h e s e q u e n c e s o f d i f f e r e n t PBEF c l o n e s . O p e nr e a d i n g f r a m e a s s i g n m e n t was d o n e b y u s i n g t h e MAP p r o g r a m o ft h e GCG. TATT a n d o t h e r m e s s a g e - d e s t a b i l i z i n g s e q u e n c e s a r e i nb o l d f a c e t y p e a t t h e b o t t o m . T h e p o l y a d e n y l a t i o n s i g n a l , A A T A A A ,i s u n d e r l i n e d . * , e n d o f t h e o p e n r e a di n g f r am e .

    V O L . 1 4 , 1 9 9 4

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    5/8

    1 4 3 4 SAMAL E T AL.1 2 3 1 2 3

    s I

    A BF I G . 3 . I n d u c t i o n o f PBEF i n human p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o -

    c y t e s b y p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n . RNA was i s o l a t e d f r o m c o n t r o l l y m -p h o c y t e s a s w e l l as f r o m l y m p h o c y t e s w h i c h u n d e r w e n t p o k e w e e dm i t o g e n i n d u c t i o n w i t h o r w i t h o u t c y c l o h e x i m i d e . N o r t h e r n b l o ta n a l y s i s was d o n e b y u s i n g t h e e n d - l a b e l l e d p r o b e f o r e i t he r P - a c t i n( A) o r PBEF ( B ) . RNA s a m p l e s i n l a n e s are as f o l l o w s : 1 , c o n t r o ll y m p h o c y t e s ; 2 , p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n ; 3 , p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n a n dc y c l o h e x i m i d e . Bands o n t h e a u t o r a d i o g r a p h were q u a n t i t a t e d w i t han U l t r a s c a n XL d e n s i t o m e t e r ( L K B - P h a r m a c i a ) .

    e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e cDNA l i b r a r y as w e l l as f r o m ac o m m e r c i a l l y o b t a i n e d cDNA l i b r a r y which was c o n s t r u c t e df r o m p h o r b o l m y r i s t a t e a c e t a t e - s t i m u l a t e d HUT 7 8 p o l y ( A ) +m R N A . Th e PB EF cDNA t h a t i n c l u d e s b o t h t h e c o d i n g a n du n t r a n s l a t e d r e g i o n s i s 2 . 3 7 6 k b . T h e r e i s o n l y o ne o p e nr e a d i n g f r a m e o f 1 , 4 7 0 b a s e s c o d i n g f o r a p o l y p e p t i d e o f 5 2kDa ( F i g . 2 ) . Th e 3 ' u n t r a n s l a t e d r e g i o n i s 69 AT a n dc o n t a i n s m u l t i p l e TATT m o t i f s . There ar e t wo a t y p i c a lp o l y a d e n y l a t i o n s i g n a l s , A A T A A A , l o c a t e d 3 6 3 a n d 3 9 1b a s e s u p s t r e a m f r o m t h e 3 ' e n d o f o ur l o n g e s t c l o n e . I n as m a l l e r c l o n e , t h e p o l y a d e n y l a t i o n occurs o n l y 4 7 n u c l e -o t i d e s a f t e r t h e f i r s t p o l y a d e n y l a t i o n s i g n a l . No s i g n i f i c a n th o m o l o g y f o r PBEF was f o u n d i n e x i s t i n g d a t a b a s e s e i t h e ra t t h e n u c l e i c a c i d o r t h e amino a c i d l e v e l .Th e mRNA f o r PB EF i s r e p r e s e n t e d i n s p e c i e s o f t h r e ed i f f e r e n t m o l e c u l a r s i z e s , i . e . , a b o u t 2 , 0 0 0 , 2 , 4 0 0 , and 4 , 0 0 0b p ( F i g . 3 a n d 4 ) . E i t h e r a l t e r n a t e s p l i c i n g o f e x o n s o r t h e us e

    H B P L V M K Pa97.54 441.35

    t o

    F I G . 4 . T i s s u e s p e c i f i c i t y o f PBEF mRNA e x p r e s s i o n . M u l t i pl e -h u m a n - t i s s u e RNA b l o t s b o u g h t f r o m C l o n t e c h L a b o r a t o r i e s werep r o b e d w i t h r a n d o m - p r i m e d PBEF. E q u a l amounts o f RNA werel o a d e d i n e a c h w e l l a n d q u a n t i t a t e d b y h y b r i d i z a t i o n w i t h a humanP - a c t i n p r o b e . A b b r e v i a t i o n s f o r sources o f RNA ar e as f o l l o w s : H ,h e a r t ; B , b r a i n ; P , p l a c e n t a ; L , l u n g s ; V , l i v e r ; M, s k e l e t a l m u s c l e ;K , k i dn e y ; P a, p a n c r e a s . M o l e c u l a r s i z e markers on t h e l e f t ar e i nk i l o b a s e s .

    o f a l t e r n a t e p o l y a d e n y l a t i o n s i t e s c o u l d b e t h e r e a s o n f o r t h i sv a r i a t i o n . I n f a c t , w e h a v e o b t a i n e d cDNA c l o n e s o f b o t h2 , 0 0 0 a n d 2 , 3 7 6 b p w h i c h u s e two d i f f e r e n t p o l y a d e n y l a t i o ns i t e s a b o u t 4 0 0 b a s e s a p a r t . R a p i d a m p l i f i c a t i o n o f t h e cDNAe n d s a n d s c r e e n i n g o f t h e r a n d o m - p r i m e d p e r i p h e r a l b l o o dl y m p h o c y t e cDNA l i b r a r y d i d n o t p r o v i d e c l o n e s w i t h a n ys i g n i f i c a n t a d d i t i o n a l 5 ' e n d s e q u e n c e s ( r e s u l t s n o t s h o w n ) .PBEF i s i n d u c e d b y p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n a n d s u p e r i n d u c e d b yc y c l o h e x i m i d e . PBEF w as f u r t h e r c h a r a c t e r i z e d f o r i t s i n d u c -i b i l i t y b y p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n . RNA was i s o l a t e d e i t h e r f r o mc o n t r o l l y m p h o c y t e s o r f r o m l y m p h o c y t e s w h i c h were s u b -j e c t e d t o p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n a c t i v a t i o n w i t h o r w i t h o u tc y c l o h e x i m i d e t r e a t m e n t . T h e s e RNA s a m p l e s w er e h y b r i d -i z e d on a N o r t h e r n b l o t w i t h r a n d o m - p r i m e d PBEF cDNA.H y b r i d i z a t i o n t o a 1 - a c t i n p r o b e was u s e d t o s t a n d a r d i z eRNA l o a d i n g i n t h e g e l . B a n d s i n a u t o r a d i o g r a p h w e r eq u a n t i t a t e d w i t h a n U l t r a s c a n XL d e n s i t o m e t e r ( L K B P h a r -m a c i a ) . A s s h o w n i n F i g . 3 , t h e r e was a f o u r - t o s i x f o l di n c r e a s e i n t h e l e v e l o f d i f f e r e n t - s i z e m e s s a g e s a f t e rp o k e w e e d m i t o g e n t r e a t m e n t c o m p a r e d w i t h t h a t o f t h en o - t r e a t m e n t c o n t r o l . T h e p r e s e n c e o f c y c l o h e x i m i d e d u r i n gt h e i n d u c t i o n p r o c e s s i n c r e a s e d t h e m e s s a g e l e v e l an a d d i -t i o n a l t w o - t o t h r e e f o l d c o m p a r e d w i t h t h a t i n d u c e d b y

    p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n t r e a t m e n t .PBEF i s e x p r e s s e d i n l a r g e a m o u n t s i n b o n e m a r r o w , l i v e rt i s s u e , a n d m u s c l e . T i s s u e - s p e c i f i c e x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF w asd e t e r m i n e d b o t h b y N o r t h e r n b l o t t i n g a n d b y R T - P C R . F o rN o r t h e r n b l o t a n a l y s i s , m u l t i p l e - t i s s u e RNA b l o t s f r o mC l o n t e c h L a b o r a t o r i e s w er e h y b r i d i z e d w i t h t h e r a n d o m -p r i m e d PBEF cDNA c l o n e ( F i g . 4 ) . T h e s t r i p p e d b l o t s w e r eh y b r i d i z e d w i t h a human , B - a c t i n p r o b e t o s t a n d a r d i z e l o a d -i n g o f RNA i n t o t h e g e l ( d a t a n o t s h o w n ) . T h e maximumamount o f PBEF m e s s a g e was f o u n d i n l i v e r t i s s u e , a n d t h en e x t h i g h e s t amount was f o u n d i n m u s c l e t i s s u e . I n a d d i t i o n ,i t was a l s o p r e s e n t i n h e a r t , p l a c e n t a , l u n g , a n d k i d n e yt i s s u e s . S i m i l a r r e s u l t s w e r e a l s o o b t a i n e d f r o m RT-PCRe x p e r i m e n t s i n w h i c h PBEF was a l s o f o u n d t o b e p r e s e n t i ns i g n i f i c a n t amounts i n b o n e ma r r o w ( r e s u l t s n o t s h o w n ) .PBEF cDNA e n c o d e s a u n i q u e 5 2 - k D a s e c r e t e d p r o t e i n .PBEF h a s o n l y one l a r g e o p e n r e a d i n g f r a m e , w h i c h e n c o d e sa p o l y p e p t i d e o f 4 7 3 a m i n o a c i d s w i t h an e s t i m a t e d m o l e c u -l a r w e i g h t o f 5 2 , 0 0 0 . T h e PBEF p r e p r o t e i n l a c k s a t y p i c a ls i g n a l s e q u e n c e f o r s e c r e t i o n a s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e S i g s e q lp r o g r a m , w h i c h i s b a s e d on v o n H e i j n e ' s p r i n c i p l e ( 3 1 ) .H o w e v e r , t h e p r o t e i n was f o u n d i n t h e c o n d i t i o n e d mediumo f a c t i v a t e d l y m p h o c y t e s a s w e l l a s i n HeLa c e l l s b yW e s t e r n b l o t ( i m m u n o b l o t ) a n a l y s i s ( r e s u l t s n o t s h o w n ) .A f t e r t r a n s i e n t e x p r e s s i o n i n CO S 7 c e l l s a n d s t a b l e e x p r e s -s i o n i n P A 3 1 7 c e l l s , PBEF was a l s o f o u n d i n t h e c o n d i t i o n e dm e d i u m , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t i t i s a s e c r e t e d p r o t e i n ( F i g . 5 ) . Wea r e no w i n t h e p r o c e s s o f p u r i f y i n g e n o u g h p r o t e i n f r o mC h i n e s e h a m s t e r o v a r y ( C H O ) c e l l s t o i d e n t i f y t h e a m i n ot e r m i n u s o f mature PBEF.T h e p r e d i c t e d p r o t e i n h a s a h y d r o p h o b i c a m i n o t e r m i n u s .T h e r e a r e s i x c y s t e i n e r e s i d u e s . T h e i s o e l e c t r i c p o i n t i s 7 . 2 5 .PBEF c o n t a i n s two s i t e s f o r a s p a r a g i n e g l y c o s y l a t i o n , f o u rp o t e n t i a l p r o t e i n k i n a s e C p h o s p h o r y l a t i o n s i t e s , a n d f i v ec r e a t i n e k i n a s e 2 p h o s p h o r y l a t i o n s i t e s .To e n s u r e t h a t t h e d e d u c e d s e q u e n c e i n d e e d c o d e s f o r ap r o t e i n o f 5 2 k D a , p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d y w as r a i s e d a g a i n s t t h ePBEF p r o t e i n . I t was e x p r e s s e d i n E . c o l i a s a f u s i o n w i t ht h e a m i n o t e r m i n u s o f BGH. Th e p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d y wasa b l e t o d e t e c t a 5 2 - k D a p r o t e i n i n t h e E . c o l i l y s a t e a f t e rd i r e c t e x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF ( r e s u l t s n o t s h o w n ) . I n t h ec o n d i t i o n e d medium o f C O S 7 a n d P A 3 1 7 c e l l s t h e a n t i b o d yd e t e c t e d a b a n d o f a r o u n d 5 2 kDa ( F i g . 5 ) . T h e l o w e r -

    MOL. C E L L . B I O L .

    t o -W A W. Ie I

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    6/8

    PRE-B-CELL COLONY-ENHANCING F A C T O R 1 4 3 5M 1 2

    2 0 0 -9 7 -6 9 -46-30 -21 -

    F I G . 5 . E x p r e s s i o n o f PBEF i n C O S 7 c e l l s . COS 7 c e l l s w e r ee l e c t r o p o r a t e d w i t h V 1 9 . 1 2 v e c t o r DNA c o n t a i n i n g PBEF cDNA.A f t e r 2 4 h , s e r u m - f r e e D u l b e c c o m o d i f i e d E a g l e m e d i u m was a d d e dt o t h e p l a t e s c o n t a i n i n g COS 7 c e l l s . C o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m wasc o l l e c t e d a f t e r 7 2 h o f t r a n s f e c t i o n a n d s t o r e d i n a l i q u o t s a f t e r f i l t e rs t e r i l i z a t i o n . C o n d i t i o n e d m e di a f r o m C O S 7 c e l l s t r a n s f e c t e d w i t he i t h e r v e c t o r ( l a n e 1 ) o r v e c t o r c o n t a i n i n g PBEF ( l a n e 2 ) w e r e r u n o na 1 0 p o l y a c r y l a m i d e - S D S g e l ( N o v e x , S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . ) a l o n gw i t h t h e m o l e cu l ar w e i g h t m a r k e r s ( i n t h o u s a n d s ) ( l a n e M ) . W e s t e r nb l o t a n a l y s i s was c a r r i e d o u t w i t h t h e a n t i b o d y r a i s e d a g a i n s t t h ePBEF-BGH f u s i o n p r o t e i n a n d d e v e l o p e d b y t h e e n h a n c e d c h e m i l u -m i n e s c e n c e t e c h n i q u e ( A m e r s h a m , A r l i n g t o n H e i g h t s , I l l . ) .

    m o l e c u l a r - m a s s b a n d s a r e p o s s i b l y a r t i f a c t s o f t h e p r o t e o -l y t i c d e g r a d a t i o n p r o c e s s .PBEF e n h a n c e s t h e e f f e c t o f I L - 7 a n d SCF o n p r e - B - c e l lc o l o n y f o r m a t i o n . C o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m f r o m C O S 7 c e l l st r a n s i e n t l y e x p r e s s i n g PBEF was a s s a y e d i n c o l o n y f o r m i n ga s s a y s u s i n g n o r m a l b o n e marrow o r mouse b o n e m a r r o wt h a t h a d b e e n t r e a t e d w i t h f l u o r o u r a c i l . No c o l o n y f o r m a t i o nwas s t i m u l a t e d b y PBEF when a s s a y e d a l o n e . I t d i d n o t h a v ea n y s t i m u l a t o r y e f f e c t o n p r i m i t i v e p r o g e n i t o r c e l l s ( H P P -C F C ) f r o m f l u o r o u r a c i l - t r e a t e d b o n e marrow i n t h e p r e s e n c eo f e i t h e r S C F , I L - 3 , g r a n u l o c y t e m a c r o p h a g e - C S F , o rC S F - 1 . H o w e v e r , i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f b o t h I L - 7 a n d S C F ,PBEF s i g n i f i c a n t l y e n h a n c e d t h e n u m b e r a n d s i z e o f p r e - B -c e l l c o l o n i e s ( F i g . 6 ) . A b o u t 5 0 p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s weref o r m e d i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f r e c o m b i n a n t r a t SCF ( 2 0 0 n g p e rc u l t u r e ) p l u s I L - 7 ( 2 2 0 n g p e r c u l t u r e ) a f t e r 1 0 d a y s o fi n c u b a t i o n . C O S 7 c e l l c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m c o n t a i n i n gPBEF i n c r e a s e d t h e c o l o n y n u m b e r b y 7 0 w i t h o u t c h a n gi n g c o l o n y m o r p h o l o g y . T h e c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m f r o m t h ev e c t o r c o n t r o l d i d n o t h a v e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t o n t h ea c t i v i t y o f S CF a n d I L - 7 . T h e n u m b e r o f c o l o n i e s d e c r e a s e da t h i g h e r d o s e s o f t h e c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m f r o m t r a n s f e c t e dC O S 7 c e l l s . T h i s i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t i s common w i t h c r u d ec o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m a n d ma y n o t i n d i c a t e t h e t r a n s m o d u l a -t i o n o f I L - 7 a n d S C F r e c e p t o r s , a s t h e a f f i n i t y - p u r i f i e d PBEFd i d n o t h a v e a s i m i l a r i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t ( s e e F i g . 8 ) .A l l c o l o n i e s s c o r e d a s p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s h a d t h e t y p i c a ld e n s e c o m p a c t a p p e a r a n c e , a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c o l o n i e ss h o w e d t h e t y p i c a l B 2 2 0 + p h e n o t y p e a f t e r FACS a n a l y s i s .T h e e f f e c t o f PBEF o n t h e i n c r e a s e i n c o l o n y s i z e w a se v i d e n t , b u t t h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e c o u l d n o t b e q u a n t i t a t e db e c a u s e o f a h i g h d e g r e e o f h e t e r o g e n e i t y .S i m i l a r r e s u l t s w e r e o b t a i n e d w i t h c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u mg e n e r a t e d f r o m P A 3 1 7 c e l l s c a r r y i n g t h e PBEF g e n e i n t h er e t r o v i r a l v e c t o r MPZen ( r e s u l t s n o t s h o w n ) . To c o n f i r m t h a tt h e p r e - B - c e l l e n h a n c i n g f a c t o r r e s i d e s i n t h e PBEF m o l e -c u l e , t h e f a c t o r was p u r i f i e d f r o m t h e c o n d i t i o n e d medium o fP A 3 1 7 c e l l s b y immune a f f i n i t y c h r o m a t o g r a p h y . T h e i s o -l a t e d p r o t e i n , when r e s o l v e d o n a 1 2 . 0 p o l y a c r y l a m i d e g e l ,was r e p r e s e n t e d b y a s i n g l e b a n d a f t e r s i l v e r s t a i n i n g ( F i g .7 ) . As s h o w n i n F i g . 8 , t h e r e w a s a d o s e - d e p e n d e n t i n c r e a s e

    C )I L6C )

    0 1 2 0D o s ( i d )

    F I G . 6 . E f f e c t o f PBEF o n p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a t i o n . C o n d i -t i o n e d m e d i a f r o m C O S 7 c e l l s t r a n s f e c t e d w i t h e i t h e r t h e e m p t yv e c t o r o r t h e v e c t o r c o n t a i n i n g PBEF cDNA w e r e t e s t e d f o r a c t i v i t yi n a p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a t i o n a s s a y w i t h a n a g a r c u l t u r e o f n o r m a lm o u s e b o n e m a r r o w ( s e e M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s f o r d e t a i l s ) . T h ea m o u n t s o f c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m , i n m i c r o l i t e r s , a r e s h o w n o n t h e xa x i s , w h i l e t h e n u m b e r s o f p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s a r e s h o w n o n t h e ya x i s . T r i a n g l e s i n d i c a t e t h e n u m b e r s o f p r e - B c e l l s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o fS C F - I L - 7 a n d c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m f r o m t h e c o n t r o l , w h i l e s q u a r e si n d i c a t e t h e n u m b e r s o f p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o fS C F - I L - 7 a n d c o n d i t i o n e d m e d i u m c o n t a i n i n g PBEF. T h e d a t a a r er e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f d a t a f r o m 1 0 i n d e p e n d e n t e x p e r i m e n t s .i n t h e n u m b e r o f p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n i e s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h ep u r i f i e d PBEF w i t h o u t a n y d e c r e a s e o r p l a t e a u e f f e c t . T h e r ewas u p t o a t w o f o l d i n c r e a s e i n t h e n u m b e r o f c o l o n i e s a f t e rt h e a d d i t i o n o f p u r i f i e d PBEF t o a f i n a l c o nc e nt r a t i o n o f 2( v o l / v o l ) .We h a v e n o t d e t e r m i n e d t h e e f f e c t o f a n t i b o d y o n t h ec o l o n y f o r m a t i o n , a s t h e a n t i b o d y was r a i s e d a g a i n s t t h ed e n a t u r e d PBEF-BGH f u s i o n p r o t e i n e x p r e s s e d i n E . c o l ia n d m o s t p r o b a b l y i s n o t n e u t r a l i z i n g .

    DISCUSSIONA c t i v a t i o n o f p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t e s b y l e c t i n ss u c h a s p h y t o h e m a g g l u t i n i n a n d p o k e w e e d m i t o g e n i n d u c e st h e e x p r e s s i o n o f a n u m b e r o f known a n d u n k n o w n c y t o k i n eg e n e s ( 3 3 ) . We a r e i n t h e p r o c e s s o f i s o l a t i n g a n d c h a r a c t e r -i z i n g t h e n o v e l c y t o k i n e - l i k e m o l e c u l e s b y u s i n g m u l t i p l e

    KDa- 9 8 . 4- 6 6 . 2- 4 5 . 0

    u~. .. ; iS ~~~~~~I X. r w i n O ' ' * l - t1 2

    F I G . 7 . A n t i b o d y - p u r i f i e d PBEF. PBEF was a f f i n i t y p u r i f i e df r o m P A 3 1 7 c o n d i t i o n e d medium w i t h p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d y , a sd e s c r i b e d i n M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s . T h e e l u t e d m a t e r i a l w a sd i a l y z e d a g a i n s t P B S , a n a l y z e d o n a 1 2 . 0 p o l y a c r y l a m i d e - S D Sg e l , a n d s i l v e r s t a i n e d . A s i n g l e b a n d o f a b o u t 5 2 kDa i s e v i d e n t i nl a n e 1 . L a n e 2 h a s m o l e c u l a r s i z e m a r k e r s ( i n t h o u s a n d s ) .

    V O L . 1 4 , 1 9 9 4

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    7/8

    1 4 3 6 SAMAL E T AL.

    5 11 0 20 3 0 4 0 5 0 60 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0

    F a c t o r ( dF I G . 8 . P r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y e n h a n c i n g as s ay . P r e - B - c e l l c o l o n yf o r m a t i o n i n t h e presence o f I L - 7 - S C F a n d v a r i o u s amounts o fp u r i f i e d PBEF i n an agar c u l t u r e o f n o r m a l mouse b o n e marrow wasd e t e r m i n e d as d e s c r i b e d i n M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s . PBEF wasp u r i f i e d f r o m PA317 c e l l s b y a f f i n i t y c h r o m a t o g r a p h y a n d d i a l y z e da g a i n s t P B S . I n c r e a s i n g amounts o f PBEF was a d d e d t o t h e m i x t u r eo f S CF a n d I L - 7 t o q u a n t i f y i t s e f f e c t on p r e B c e l l e n h a n c i n ga c t i v i t y . T h e d a t a ar e a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h o s e f r o m f o u r i n d e p e n -d e n t e x p e r i m e n t s .

    a p p r o a c h e s . One a p p r o a c h h a s b e e n t h e use o f a d e g e n e r a t eo l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r o b e , t h e sequence o f w h i c h i s shown i nF i g . 1 . A number o f c y t o k i n e s s u c h as m a c r o p h a g e c h e m o a t -t r a c t i n g f a c t o r , P A 3 7 4 , I L - 1 , B , I L - 6 , a n d I L - 8 as w e l l as anumber o f unknown genes f r o m a c t i v a t e d l y m p h o c y t e s h a v eb e e n i s o l a t e d by s c r e e n i n g p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o c y t el i b r a r i e s w i t h t h i s p r o b e . T h i s r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s t h e c h a r a c -t e r i z a t i o n o f one o f t h e s e n o v e l genes a n d i t s p r o d u c t .T h i s n o v e l gene h a s b e e n d e s i g n a t e d PBEF, as i t e n h a n c e st h e e f f e c t o f S C F a n d I L - 7 on p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a t i o n .PB EF cDNA as w e l l as t h e e n c o d e d p r o t e i n i s n o v e l . Wef a i l e d t o f i n d any h o m o l o g y w i t h sequences p r e s e n t i n e i t h e rt h e G e n B a n k , E M B L , o r S w i s s P r o t e i n d a t a b a s e a t t h en u c l e o t i d e or a m i n o a c i d l e v e l by u s i n g v a r i o u s programs,s u c h as FASTA, TFASTA, o r BLAST. T h e p r e s e nc e o fm u l t i p l e TATT a n d r e l a t e d m e s s a g e - d e s t a b i l i z i n g sequenceson t h e 3 ' u n t r a n s l a t e d r e g i o n o f t h e mRNA s u g g e s t s t h a t t h i sgene c o u l d b e c o d i n g f o r a c y t o k i n e - l i k e m o l e c u l e . S i m i l a rsequences h a v e b e e n shown t o b e p r e s e n t i n l a b i l e m e s s a g e so f c y t o k i n e s a n d oncogenes ( 2 8 ) .Th e P B E F mRNA e n c o d e s a n o v e l p o l y p e p t i d e w i t h ap r e d i c t e d m o l e c u l a r mass o f 5 2 k D a . T h i s p o l y p e p t i d e l a c k sa t y p i c a l s i g n a l sequence f o r s e c r e t i o n . H o w e v e r , b y W e s t -e r n b l o t a n a l y s i s , we h a v e s h o w n t h a t PBEF p o l y p e p t i d e i ss e c r e t e d f r o m a c t i v a t e d l y m p h o c y t e s a n d f r o m HeLa c e l l s .Th e p r o t e i n i s a l s o s e c r e t e d f r o m C O S 7 c e l l s a f t e r t r a n s i e n te x p r e s s i o n ( F i g . 5 ) as w e l l as f r o m P A 3 1 7 , CHO, a n db a c u l o v i r u s c e l l s a f t e r s t a b l e t r a n s f e c t i o n ( r e s u l t s n o ts h o w n ) .

    T i s s u e - s p e c i f i c e x p r e s s i o n o f PB EF was d e t e r m i n e d b yN o r t h e r n b l o t as w e l l as RT-PCR a n a l y s i s . T h e PBEFmessage was f o u n d m a i n l y i n human l i v e r t i s s u e , m u s c l e ,a n d b o n e marrow a n d t o a l e s s e r e x t e n t i n l u n g a n d o t h e rt i s s u e s . I t i s a l s o t r a n s c r i b e d i n p e r i p h e r a l b l o o d l y m p h o -c y t e s , i n w h i c h i t c o u l d b e i n d u c e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y b y l e c t i n ss u c h as pokeweed m i t o g e n as w e l l as b y p h o r b o l m y r i s t a t ea c e t a t e . I n t h i s r e g a r d , t h e PBEF e x p r e s s i o n p a t t e r n r e s e m-b l e s t h a t o f t h e p o l y f u n c t i o n a l m o l e c u l e l e u k e m i a i n h i b i t o r yf a c t o r , w h i c h i s e x p r e s s e d i n v a r i o u s t i s s u e s ( 1 8 ) . T h e r e f o r e ,PBEF c o u l d b e l a t e r f o u n d t o h a v e a d d i t i o n a l b i o l o g i c a la c t i v i t i e s w h i c h h a v e n o t y e t b e e n e l u c i d a t e d .

    I n o r d e r t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e b i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t i e s o f P B E F ,w e h a v e e x p r e s s e d i t i n a n u m b e r o f h e t e r o l o g o u s s y s t e m s .F o r e x a m p l e , i t h a s b e e n e x p r e s s e d i n E . c o l i a s a f u s i o np r o t e i n t o g e n e r a t e p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b o d i e s . D i r e c t e x p r e s s i o nh a s b e e n d o n e a l s o i n E . c o l i ; C O S 7 , CHO, a n d P A 3 1 7 c e l l s ;a n d b a c u l o v i r u s . C o n d i t i o n e d m e d i a f r o m C O S 7 a n d P A 3 1 7c e l l s a s w e l l a s a n t i b o d y - p u r i f i e d PBEF f r o m t h e l a t t e r c e l ll i n e h a v e b e e n u s e d i n d i f f e r e n t b i o l o g i c a l a s s a y s .We f o u n d t h a t , s i m i l a r t o t h e l i g a n d f o r t h e B - c e l l s u r f a c ea n t i g e n C D 4 0 ( 1 5 ) , PBEF i t s e l f h a d n o d e t e c t a b l e e f f e c t o na n y b i o l o g i c a l f u n c t i o n i n t h e a b s e n c e o f o t h e r c y t o k i n e s . I nt h e p r e s e n c e o f I L - 7 a n d S C F , i t was v e r y e f f e c t i v e i ni n c r e a s i n g t h e p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y n u m b e r a n d s i z e . T h e r e f o r ePBEF m i g h t p l a y a n a c t i v e r o l e i n i n c r e a s i n g t h e n u m b e r o fB 2 2 0 + c e l l s f o r I L - 7 t o a c t o n . T h e p r e s e n c e o f a n a c t i v i t ys u c h a s PBEF h a s b e e n p r e d i c t e d b e f o r e ( 9 , 1 3 ) , a n d i n o u ra s s a y c o n d i t i o n s , t h e a d d i t i o n o f i n s u l i n - l i k e g r o w t h f a c t o r( I G F ) d i d n o t s u b s t i t u t e f o r t h e p r e s e n c e o f PBEF.No e f f e c t o f PBEF o n h u m a n p r e - B c e l l s h a s b e e n f o u n d .T h i s i s p r o b a b l y d u e t o t h e l a c k o f e f f e c t o f r e c o m b i n a n t S CFa n d r e c o m b i n a n t I L - 7 o n h u m a n p r e - B - c e l l c o l o n y f o r m a -t i o n . We a l s o f a i l e d t o f i n d a n y e f f e c t o f PBEF o n c e l l s w i t hm y e l o i d o r e r y t h r o i d l i n e a g e s .

    P a r k a n d Osmond ( 2 3 ) a l s o f o u n d t h a t t h e l e v e l s o fp r e - B - c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o n a n d p r i m a r y B - c e l l g e n e s i s n o r m a l l yt a k i n g p l a c e i n m o u s e b o n e m a r r o w ma y r e f l e c t t h e l e v e l o fe x p o s u r e t o p o t e n t i a l s t i m u l a n t s i n t h e e x t e r n a l e n v i r o n -m e n t . T c e l l s h e l p B - c e l l d e v e l o p m e n t b y p r o v i d i n g l y m -p h o k i n e s w h i c h a c t a s g r o w t h a n d d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n f a c t o r s f o rB c e l l s ( 2 4 ) . As PBEF i s e x p r e s s e d a f t e r i n d u c t i o n o f t h eT - l y m p h o b l a s t o i d c e l l l i n e HUT 7 8 , i t f a l l s i n t o t h i s c a t e g o r yo f c y t o k i n e s . A t p r e s e n t we a r e f u r t h e r p u r s u i n g t h e c h a r a c -t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e m e c h a n i s m o f PBEF a c t i o n b y u s i n g p u r i f i e dm a t e r i a l f r o m t h e b a c u l o v i r u s e x p r e s s i o n s y s t e m .A C K N OW L E D G M E N T S

    We a r e t h a n k f u l t o C h e r y l J o h n s o n a n d B u r t Goodman f o rs y n t h e s i z i n g t h e o l i g o n u c l e o t i d e p r o b e s a nd p r i m e r s a n d t o R i t aB a s u , A n n e J a n s s e n , L e o n g H s u , J e n n i f e r H s u - C h e n , a n d J e s s i c aK a t z o w i t z f o r D N A s e q u e n c i n g . We a p p r e c i a t e g r e a t l y t h e h e l p o fC y n t h i a H a r t l e y i n b o n e m a r r o w a s s a y s a nd H e l e n Hockman i n t h ep r e p a r a t i o n o f PBEF a n t i b o d i e s . G r a p h i c w o r k h a s b e e n p o s s i b l eb e c a u s e o f t h e h e l p o f J e n n i f e r K e y s o r i n t h e C r e a t i v e S e r v i c ed e p a r t m e n t .

    REFERENCES1 . B i l l i p s , L . G . , D . P e t i t t e , a n d K . S . L a n d r e t h . 1 9 9 0 . B o n em a r r o w s t r o m a l c e l l r e g u l a t i o n o f B l y m p h o p o i e s i s : i n t e r l e u -k i n - 1 ( I L - 1 ) a n d I L - 4 r e g u l a t e s t r o m a l c e l l s u p p o r t o f p r e - B c e l lp r o d u c t i o n i n v i t r o . B l o o d 7 5 : 6 1 1 - 6 1 9 .2 . B i l l i p s , L . G . , D . P e t t i t e , K . D o r s k i n d , R . N a r a y a n a n , C . P . C h i ua n d K . S . L a n d r e t h . 1 9 9 2 . D i f f e r e n t i a l r o l e s o f s t r o m a l c e l l s ,i n t e r l e u k i n - 7 a n d k i t - l i g a n d i n t h e r e g u l a t i o n o f B l y m p h o p o i e s i s .B l o o d 7 9 : 1 1 8 5 - 1 1 9 2 .3 . B r a d l e y , T . , G . H o d g s o n , a n d M. R o s e n d a a l . 1 9 7 8 . T h e e f f e c t o fo x y g e n t e n s i o n o n h e m o p o i e t i c a n d f i b r o b l a s t c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o ni n v i t r o . J . C e l l . P h y s i o l . 9 4 : 5 1 7 - 5 2 2 .4 . C h a n g , J . M . , a n d G . R . J o h n s o n . 1 9 8 9 . G e n e t r a n s f e r i n t oh e m o p o i e t i c s t e m c e l l s u s i n g r e t r o v i r a l v e c t o r s . I n t . J . C e l lC l o n i n g 7 : 2 6 4 - 2 8 0 .5 . C h i r g w i n , J . M . , A . E . P r z y b y l a , R . J . M a c D o n a l d , a n d W. J .R u t t e r . 1 9 7 9 . I s o l a t i o n o f b i o l o g i c a l l y a c t i v e r i b o n u c l e i c a c i df r o m s o u r c e s e n r i c h e d i n r i b o n u c l e a s e . B i o c h e m i s t r y 1 8 : 5 2 9 4 -5 2 9 9 .6 . C h o m c z y n s k i , P . , a n d N . S a c c h i . 1 9 8 7 . S i n g l e - s t e p m e t h o d o fRNA i s o l a t i o n b y a c i d g u a n i d i u m t h i o c y a n a t e - p h e n o l - c h l o r o -f o r m e x t r a c t i o n . A n a l . B i o c h e m . 1 6 2 : 1 5 6 - 1 5 9 .7 . D o r s k i n d , K . 1 9 9 0 . R e g u l a t i o n o f h e m a t o p o i e s i s b y b o n e m a r -

    MOL. C E L L . B I O L .

  • 8/13/2019 Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor

    8/8

    PRE-B-CELL C O L ONY-ENHANCING F A C T O R 1 4 3 7r o w s t r o m a l c e l l s a n d t h e i r p r o d u c t s . A n n u . R e v . I m m u n o l . 8 :1 1 1 - 1 3 7 .8 . D o r s k i n d , K . , a n d K . S . L a n d r e t h . 1 9 9 2 . R e g u l a t i o n o f B c e l ld i f f e r e n t i a t i o n b y b o n e m a r r o w s t r o m a l c e l l s . I n t . J . C e l l C l o n -i n g 1 0 : 1 2 - 1 7 .9 . D o r s k i n d , K . , R . N a r a y a n a n , a n d K . S . L a n d r e t h . 1 9 9 2 . R e g u -l a t o r y c e l l s a n d c y t o ki n e s i n v ol v e d i n p r i m a r y B l y m p h o c y t ep r o d u c t i o n . A d v . E x p . M e d . B i o l . 3 2 3 : 1 1 9 - 1 2 3 .1 0 . D o r s s e r s , L . , a n d A . M. E . P o st m es . 1 9 8 7 . A s i m p l i f i e d , o r i e n -t a t i o n - s p e c i f i c cDNA c l o n i n g s t r a t e g y . N u c l e i c A c i d s R e s . 1 5 :3 6 2 9 .1 1 . F o l z , R . J . , a n d J . I . G o r d o n . 1 9 8 7 . C o m p u t e r - a s s i s t e d p r e d i c -t i o n s o f s i g n a l p e p t i d a s e p r o c e s s i n g s i t e s . B i o c h e m . B i o p h y s .R e s . Commun. 1 4 8 : 8 7 0 - 8 7 7 .1 2 . H i r a no , T . 1 9 9 1 . I n t e r l e u k i n 6 ( I L - 6 ) a n d i t s r e c e p t o r : t h e i r r o l ei n p l a s m a c e l l n e o p l a s i a . I n t . J . C e l l C l o n i n g 9 : 1 6 6 - 1 8 4 .1 3 . L a n d r e t h , K . S . , R . N a r a y a n a n , a n d K . D o r s k i n d . 1 9 9 2 . I n s u l i n -l i k e g r o w t h f a c t o r - I r e g u l a t e s p r o - B c e l l d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . B l o o d8 0 : 1 2 0 7 - 1 2 1 2 .1 4 . L e e , G . A . , E . N a m e n , S . G i l l i s , L . R . E l l i n g s w o r t h , a n d P . W.K i n c a d e . 1 9 8 9 . N o r m a l B c e l l p r e c u r s o r s r e s p o n s i v e t o r e c o m -b i n a n t m u r i n e I L - 7 a n d i n h i b i t i o n o f I L - 7 a c t i v i t y b y t r a n s f o r m -i n g g r o w t h f a c t o r b e t a . J . I m m u n o l . 1 4 2 : 3 8 7 5 - 3 8 8 3 .1 5 . M a l i z e w s k i , C . R . , K . G r a b s t e i n , W. C . F a n s l o w , R . A r m i t a g e ,M. K . S p r i g g s , a n d T . A . S a t o . 1 9 9 3 . R e c o m b i n a n t CD40 l i g a n ds t i m u l a t i o n o f m u r i n e B c e l l g r o w t h a n d d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n : c o o p e r -a t i v e e f f e c t s o f c y t o k i n e s . E u r . J . I m m u n o l . 2 3 : 1 0 4 4 1 0 4 9 .1 6 . M a n i a t i s , T . , E . F . F r i t s c h , a n d J . S a m b r o o k 1 9 8 2 . M o l e c u l a rc l o n i n g : a l a b o r a t o r y m a n u a l . C o l d S p r i n g H a r b o r L a b o r a t o r y ,C o l d S p r i n g H a r b o r , N . Y .1 6 a . M c N i e c e , I . K . U n p u b l i s h e d d a t a .1 7 . M c N i e c e , I . K . , K . E . L a n g l e y , a n d K . M. Z s e b o . 1 9 9 1 . T h e r o l eo f r e c o m b i n a n t s t e m c e l l f a c t o r i n e a r l y B c e l l d e v e l o p m e n t :s y n e r g i s t i c i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h I L - 7 . J . I m m u n o l . 1 4 6 : 3 7 8 5 - 3 7 9 0 .1 8 . M e t c a l f , D . 1 9 9 2 . L e u k e m i a i n h i b i t o r y f a c t o r - a p u z z l i n g p o l y -f u n c t i o n a l r e g u l a t o r . G r o w t h F a c t o r s 7 : 1 6 9 - 1 7 3 .1 9 . M i l l e r , A . D . , a n d G . Y . R o s m a n . 1 9 8 9 . I m p r o v e d r e t r o v i r a lv e c t o r s f o r g e n e t r a n s f e r a n d e x p r e s s i o n . B i o T e c h n i q u e s 7 : 9 8 0 -9 9 0 .2 0 . N a m e n , A . E . , S . L u p t o n , K . E j e r r i l d , J . W i g n a l l , D . Y .

    M o c h i z u ki , A . S ch m i e r e r , B . M o s l e y , C . J . M a r c h , D . U r d a l , a n dS . G i l l i s . 1 9 8 8 . S t i m u l a t i o n o f B c e l l p r o g e n i t o r s b y c l o n e dm u r i n e i n t e r l e u k i n - 7 . N a t ur e ( Lo n d o n ) 3 3 3 : 5 7 1 - 5 7 3 .2 1 . N e l s e n , B . , a n d R . S e n . 1 9 9 2 . R e g u l a t i o n o f i m m u n o g l o b u l i ng e n e t r a n s c r i p t i o n . I n t . R e v . C y t o l . 1 3 3 : 1 2 1 - 1 4 9 .2 2 . O k a y a m a , H . , a n d P . B e r g . 1 9 8 2 . H i g h - e f f i c i e n c y c l o n i n g o ff u l l - l e n g t h cDNA. M o l . C e l l . B i o l . 2 : 1 6 1 - 1 7 0 .2 3 . P a r k , Y . H . , a n d D . G . O s m o n d . 1 9 9 1 . R e g ul a ti o n o f e a r l yp r e c u r s o r B c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o n i n m o u s e b o n e m a r r o w : s t i m u l a -t i o n b y e x o g e n o u s a g e n t s m e d i a t e d b y m a c r o p h a g e s i n t h es p l e e n . C e l l . I m m u n o l . 1 3 5 : 1 6 8 - 1 8 3 .2 4 . P a r k e r , D . C . 1 9 9 3 . T c e l l - d e p e n d e n t B c e l l a c t i v a t i o n . A n n u .R e v . I m m u n o l . 1 1 : 3 3 1 - 3 6 0 .2 5 . P e a r s o n , W. R . , a n d D . J . L i p m a n . 1 9 8 8 . I m p r o v e d b i o l o g i c a ls e q u e n c e c o m p a r i s o n . P r o c . N a t l . A c a d . S c i . U S A 8 5 : 2 4 4 4 -2 4 4 8 .2 6 . Q u e s n i a u x , V . F . , P . M a y e r , E . L i e h l , K . T u r n e r , S . J . G o l d m a n ,a n d B . F a g g . 1 9 9 3 . R e v i e w o f a n o v e l h e m a t o p o i e t i c c y t o k i n e ,i n t e r l e u k i n - 1 1 . I n t . R e v . E x p . P a t h o l . 3 4 : 2 0 5 - 2 1 4 .2 7 . S a n g e r , F . , S . N i c k l e n , a n d A . R . C o u l s o n . 1 9 7 7 . DNA s e q u e n c -i n g w i t h c h a i n - t e r m i n a t i n g i n h i b i t o r s . P r o c . N a t l . A c a d . S c i .U S A 7 4 : 5 4 6 3 - 5 4 6 7 .2 8 . S h a w , G . , a n d R . K a m e n . 1 9 8 6 . A c o n s e r v e d AU s e q u e n c e f r o mt h e 3 ' u n t r a n s l a t e d r e g i o n o f GM-CSF mRNA m e d i a t e s s e l e c -t i v e mRNA d e g r a d a t i o n . C e l l 4 6 : 6 5 9 - 6 6 7 .2 9 . S h i e l d s , J . G . , K . K o t o w i c z , a n d R . E . C a l l a r d . 1 9 9 2 . I n t e r l e u -k i n - 4 s t i m u l a t e s i m m u n o g l o b u l i n s e c r e t i o n b y E p s t e i n - B a r r v i -r u s ( E B V ) - a c t i v a t e d t o n s i l l a r B c e l l s , a n d b y E B V - t r a n s f o r m e dl y m p h o b l a s t o i d B c e l l l i n e s w i t h o u t i n c r e a s i n g c e l l d i v i s i o n . I n t .J . C l i n . L a b . R e s . 2 2 : 9 5 - 9 9 .3 0 . T a k a t s u , K . 1 9 9 2 . I n t e r l e u k i n - 5 . C u r r . O p i n . I m m u n o l . 4 : 2 9 9 -3 0 6 .3 1 . v o n H e Q n e , G . 1 9 8 6 . A ne w m e t h o d f o r p r e d i c t i n g s i g n a ls e q u e n c e c l e a v a g e s i t e s . N u cl e i c A ci d s R e s . 1 4 : 4 6 8 3 - 4 6 9 0 .3 2 . W i l b u r , W. J . , a n d D . J . L i p m a n . 1 9 8 3 . R a p i d s i m i l a r i t ys e a r c h e s o f n u c l e i c a c i d a n d p r o t e i n d a t a b a n k s . P r o c . N a t l .A c a d . S c i . U S A 8 0 : 9 9 - 1 0 5 .3 3 . Z i p f e l , P . F . , S . G . I r v i n g , K . K e l l y , a n d U . S i e b e n l i s t . 1 9 8 9 .C o m p l e x i t y o f t h e p r i m a r y g e n e t i c r e s p o n s e t o m i t o g e n i c a c t i -v a t i o n o f h u m a n T c e l l s . M o l . C e l l . B i o l . 9 : 1 0 4 1 - 1 0 4 8 .

    V O L . 1 4 , 1 9 9 4