Climate Change Tt

8/3/2019 Climate Change Tt

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Is the world getting warmer?

If so, are the actions of mankind to blame forearths temperature increase?

What can/should be done about theseissues?

Are the potential resolutions worth the cost toimplement them?


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?

The main reason behind the ClimateChange is Global Warming.

Global warming is mainly caused due toGHGs emissions.

Burning fuels such as coal, natural gas & oil produces

Green house gases in excessive amounts.

There is a Increase CO2 emissions, especially in China and developing countries like

India

With rise in Economic growth , industries are increasing at incredible rate due towhich rate of carbon dioxide has increased


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GJJ99 3Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research

The greenhouse effect

SUNSome solar radiation is

reflected by the earths

surface and the atmosphere

ATMOSPHERE

Solar radiationpasses through the

clear atmosphere

EARTHMost solar radiation is absorbedby the surface, which warms

Some of the infrared

radiation is absorbed

and re-emitted by the

greenhouse gases.

The effect of this is to

warm the surface

and the lower

atmosphere

Infrared radiation

is emitted from the

Earths surface


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CONSEQUENCES

OFGLOBAL

WARMING


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-0.6

-0.4-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1920 1960 2000

Year

TemperatureChange(C)

1920 1960 2000

Year

Northern vs. Southern Latitude Land vs. Ocean

Northern HemisphereSouthern Hemisphere

LandOcean


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GRACE (gravity measured by satellite) foundmelting of Antarctica equivalent to sea levelrise of 0.4 mm/year (2 in/century)

Zwally, 2005 (satellite radaraltimetry)

confirmed Antarctica melting

Greenland ice melting onexterior, accumulating inland(higher precipitation)


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Present rate is 1.8 0.3 mm/yr (7.4in/century)

Accelerating at a rate of 0.013 0.006

mm/yr2

If acceleration continues, could result in 12in/century sea level rise

Scenarios claiming 1 meter or more rise areunrealistic


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Polar Bears

Require pack ice to live

Might eventually go extinct in the wild

Sea turtlesBreed on the same islands as

their birth

Could go extinct on some islands

as beaches are flooded

Other species may go extinct as rainfall patterns

change throughout the world


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Decreased thermohaline circulation

Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic

CO2 fertilization effect

Precipitation changes Droughts and famine (some areas)

Expanded arable land in Canada, Soviet Union


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-50 -20 -10 -5 5 10 20 50


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Lake Faguibine Lake Chad


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Impact on Agricultural Sector

A report from Carnegie Inst, shows that

in past 20 years annual yield ofworlds

six largest crops has decreased due to

increasingly warmer temperature. These

drop in yield led to a economic loss of $5billion a year.


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According To Nicholas Stern ClimateChange will have a serious impact oneconomic growth that 1% of GDP will berequired to mitigate its effects. Thats lotof money, given that GDP was almost

$70 trillion in 2008,according to worldbank.


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DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON COUNTRIES

Oxfam Internationals report concludedthat trade patterns will likely to shift asclimate changes take hold.

Richer parts of world will receive a boost,while poorer regions suffer .American Agricultural profits will raise by$1.3 billion annually ,while sub saharan will

lose $2 billion annually due to viability ofregions staple crops ,maize ,declined.


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Electricity costs will go up 90% till 2035,

Prices of petrol will rise rapidly up 58%

Price of Natural gas will rise up 55% till 2035

There will be increase in the cost impact on

Individual rising from average $829 to

$1241 by 2035

There will be job losses averaging 11 lakhs

From any point b/w 2012 to 2035


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INVESTMENT TREND

According to new Energy Finance ,total newglobal investment in clean energy were $33.4billion in 2004, $ 58.7 billion in 2005, 148.4

billion in 2007 (60% increase)It will increase through 2030.


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TRANSPORTATION COSTS

The increase in temperature will causevarious transport infrastructure like roads,bridges, ships to face greater temperature

changes. Due to this the maintenance cost ofthe transport will increase. This will causebroken runways, malformed roads & sunken

foundations.


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ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

There are 5 essential biological systems whichsupport the world economy Croplands

Forests Grasslands Oceans Fresh waterways

With change in temperature, it degrades theseecological factors. Hence, doing seriousdamage to economy.


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IMPACT ON LIVING BEINGS

30 new diseases emerged in last 20 years,many thrived in warmer weather.

Lyme disease is linked to warmer humid

conditions that breed more deer ticks. Fewer deaths from cold, more from heat.

50 years from now, malaria could spreadto parts of world that are now too cold tosupport lifecycle of the mosquitoes & itsparasites that transmit the disease.


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ConservationReduce energy needs

Recycling

Alternate energy sourcesNuclear

Wind

Geothermal

HydroelectricSolar

Fusion?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Recycle001.svg


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Depleted oil and gas reservoirs

CO2 in enhanced oil and gas recovery

Deep saline formations (a) offshore (b) onshore CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery

Ada ted from IPCC SRCCS Figure TS-7

3a2

3b 14


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Increased frequency of extremetemperature events (such as heat waves,forest fire etc.).

Heightened storm intensity. Altered precipitation patterns.

Sea-level rise(Melting of glaciers).

Reversal of ocean currents . These factors can have relevant effects on

the functioning of ecosystems, the viability

of wildlife, and the well-being of humans.


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Global warming is happening

Most warming is probably the result ofhuman activities

There will be positive and negative (mostly)repercussions from global warming

The costs to mitigate global warming will be

high better spent elsewhere?

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