Climate Change Studies at Mount Rainier National Park

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Climate Change Related Longterm Monitoring, Inventories, Surveys and Research in The Nisqually Watershed in Mount Rainier Na?onal Park

description

Presentation by Barbara Samora, Park Biologist

Transcript of Climate Change Studies at Mount Rainier National Park

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Climate  Change  Related  Long-­‐term  Monitoring,  Inventories,  Surveys  and  Research  in  The  Nisqually  

Watershed  in  Mount  Rainier  Na?onal  Park  

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Long-­‐term  Ecological  Monitoring  Programs  

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Climate  Monitoring  •  Understand  varia7ons  in  other  park  resources  being  monitored.  

•  Compare  current  and  historical  data  to  understand  long  term  trends.  

             air  temp    precipita7on            (including    snow)  

   snow  depth                      wind  speed  wind  direc7on      soil  moisture    soil  temperature      rela7ve  humidity  

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Climate  Monitoring  

Cayuse Pass SNOTEL Cayuse  Pass  

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Climate

View  of  Tatoosh  Range  from  Paradise  

Water  Year  2011  Paradise  

Record  year  Snow  melt  8/25  

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Extreme  Weather  Events  

Gobblers  Knob  Lookout  winter  2006  

2006      121mph  Nov  6  

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Remnants  of  an  avalanche  that  occurred  at  Owyhigh  Lakes,  Mount  Rainier  Na7onal  Park.    Avalanche  debris  covered  most  of  the  northern  por7on  of  the  lake  and  introduced  substan7al  amounts  of  large  woody  debris  into  the  lake.    Photo  was  taken  on  July  19th,  2011.  

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Lakes  are  like  petri  dishes  –  exposed  to  atmospheric  and  terrestrial  processes.  and  subject  to  climate  change,  wind-­‐blown  contaminants,  acid  rain,  and  increased  recrea7onal  impacts  

Monitoring  Mountain  Lake  Ecology  

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Long  Term  Lakes  Monitoring  

Amphibians  Fish  Macroinvertebrates  Zooplankton  

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Citizen Science Amphibian Monitoring

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Nisqually  River  at  Longmire  

Drainage  basin  size:  48.67  km2  (18.79  mi2)  3  Glaciers  (Nisqually,  Wilson  and  Van  Trump)  Mean  annual  precipita7on:  262  cm  (103  in)  

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Discharge  Measurement  

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Radar  Level  Sensor  

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Mount  Rainier  Atmospheric  Issues  

•  Deposi7on  sulfur  and  nitrogen  compounds  (acid  deposi7on)  

•  Visibility  •  Ozone  Research  

•  Mercury/contaminants  in  fish  and  sediments  

Climate  change  could  have  the  following  impacts  on  air  quality  levels  (EPA  2009):  

Produce  2-­‐8  ppb  increases  in  summer?me  average  ground-­‐level  ozone  concentra?ons  in  many  regions  of  the  country.  •  Further  exacerbate  ozone  concentra?ons  on  days  when  weather  is  already  conducive  to  high  ozone  concentra?ons  •  Lengthen  the  ozone  season  •  Produce  both  increases  and  decreases  in  par?cle  pollu?on  over  different  regions  of  the  U.S.  

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Baseline  Inventories/Research  

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Quan7fy  Hg  bioaccumula7on  and  risk  in  aqua7c  habitats  throughout  the  park  and  determine  spa7al  varia7on  among  different  aqua7c  habitat  types  

Provide  a  tool  to  predict  risk  at  sites  throughout  the  park  

Mercury  Cycling  and  Ecological  Risk  Across  Habitats  in  Mount  Rainier  Na7onal  Park  

Climate      change  alters  biochemistry                                enhances  conversion  to  methyl  mercury  through  temp  changes  and  changes  in  weing  and  drying  pajerns                                  alters    distribu7on  of  species  

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NPS  and  Biodiversity  Research  Ins7tute  

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Declining Amphibians

•  -Habitat Destruction •  -Chemical

Contaminants •  -Pathogens •  -Climate Change •  -UV-B Radiation •  -Introduced Species

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Chytridiomycosis    (Batrachochytrium  dendroba1dis  (Bd)),  is  a  major  driver  of  amphibian  declines  and  ex7nc7ons  worldwide    

Objec?ves  1.  Rank  the  pond  

breeding  amphibians  based  on  a  calculated  index  of  resistance  to  Bd.  

2.  Contrast  this  index  for  select  species  between  popula7ons.    

3.  Contrast  the  occurrence,  prevalence,  and  intensity  of  Bd  infec7on  between  popula7ons.  

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Research  

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Modeling  climate  change  effects  on  the  hydrology  of  Pacific  Northwest  wetland  ecosystems  

  develop  hydrologic  projec7ons  for  wetland  habitats  (forest  wetlands,  wet  meadows,  small  ponds,  riparian  wetlands)  to  support  ecological  and  landscape-­‐based  vulnerability  assessments  and  climate  adapta7on  planning  

 Monitor  Temperature  and  water  level  in  wetland  habitats  Conduct  visual  surveys  of  wetlands    to    map/measure  changes  in  pond  depth  &  areal  extent,  and  monitor  amphibian  occupancy  

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 Bujerflies  are  sensi7ve  indicators  of  climate  change  because  temperature  influences  the  7ming  of  an  individual’s  life  cycle  and  the  geographic  distribu7on  of  species.  As  individuals  develop  from  egg  to  larvae  to  pupae  and  finally  to  mature  bujerfly,  temperature  thresholds  may  trigger  these  changes.    

Inventories  are  being  conducted  of  bujerflies  across  our  landscape  

Permanent  transects  have  been  established  to  monitor  changes  in  bujerfly  abundance  and  species  diversity.    Volunteers  record  bujerfly  abundances  and  plants  in  flower  along  each  transect.    

 Cascades  Bu[erfly  Project    

 Mountain  Parnassian  (Parnassius  smintheus)    

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Pollinators  of  alpine    and  subalpine  plant    communi7es  on    Mount  Rainier  

document  pollinator  diversity  and  abundance  and  quan7fy  how  plant  reproduc7ve  success  depends  on  pollinators  

Pollinator  visits  will  ensure  that  plants  set  seed    and  meadows  con7nue  to  flower  

 Elinore  J.  Theobald    Co-­‐PI:  Dr.  Janneke  HilleRisLambers    Biology  Department    University  of  Washington    

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how    will  tree  seedlings,  such  as  this  western  hemlock,  will  be  affected  by  climate  change  

TESTING  THE  LIMITS:  EFFECTS  OF  CLIMATE  &  COMPETITION  ON  CONIFER  DISTRIBUTIONS  AT  MT.  RAINIER  

Ailene  Kane  Einger,  PhD  Candidate    Dr.  Janneke  HilleRisLabmers,  Advisor    Biology  Department  University  of  Washington  

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Phenology  and  Climate  Change  

Predicted  climate  changes  (temp,  snowmelt,  precip)  will  affect  the  phenology  (i.e.  7ming  of  biological  life  events)  of  subalpine  wildflower  species,  which  could  have  implica7ons  for  the  pollina7ng  insects  that  rely  on  them    

Examine  the  links  between  plant  phenology  (flowering)  to  microclimate  variability  (e.g.  snow  dura7on,  temperature  

Dr.  Janneke  Hille  Ris  Lambers,    Biology  Department    University  of  Washington    

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Predic?ng  the  effects  of  future  climate  change  on  the  subalpine  and  alpine  meadows  of  Pacific  

Northwest  Mountains  

Snow disappears earlier from ridges (which are more likely to support patches of trees) than topographic depressions (which are more likely to support patches of meadow).  

•  meadows  support  seven  of  the  12  imperiled  or  rare  plants  in  the  park  (including  the  two  plant  species  endemic  to  Mount  Rainier  and  the  local  area).  

•   meadows  provide  important  habitat  for  wildlife  such  as  mountain  goats,  white-­‐tailed  ptarmigans,  hoary  marmots  and  the  American  pika.    

•   the  meadows  are  a  popular  des7na7on  in  the  Park,  with  about  65%  of  visitors  travelling  to  the  meadows  to  view  the  wildflower  displays.    

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1.  assess  the  spa7al  and  temporal  variability  of  BC  deposited  in  Washington  snow  and  glacier  ice,    

2.  begin  to  assess  the  poten7al  role  of  BC  in  accelera7ng  snow  and  glacier  melt  

RESPONSE  OF  RIVER  RUNOFF  TO  BLACK  CARBON  IN  SNOW  AND  ICE  IN  WASHINGTON  STATE  

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