CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. ...
-
Upload
braxton-scarlett -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
1
Transcript of CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. ...
![Page 1: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CLASSIFYING MATTER
ELEMENTS
![Page 2: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
§ CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods.
§ About 110 elements are discovered by scientists.
About 90 occur naturally while the rest are man made.
§ All matter is made up of
![Page 3: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
% Abundance of Elements in the Earth's crust
Oxygen (47%)Silicon (28%)Aluminum (8%)Iron (5%)Calcium (4%)Sodium (3%)Potassium (2%)Magnesium (2%)Others (1%)
![Page 4: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Elements are organized according to PROPERTIES into
1869Dmitri Mendeleev(Russian chemist)
• Put together the 1st periodic table
1913Henry Moseley
(British physicist)
• Improved it into today’s version
![Page 5: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Each element is given :
1) CHEMICAL NAME
2) SYMBOL (1 or 2 letters)
3) PROTON (ATOMIC) NUMBER
4) RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
16
Ooxygen8
Protonnumber
RelativeAtomic Mass
Symbol
Name
![Page 7: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
When elements are discovered, they are named:
1) After people :Einsteinium (Es), Curium (Cm), Mendelevium (Md)
2) After places: Americium (Am), Polonium (Po)
3) Derived from Latin /Greek : Helium ~ from Greek word helios (sun)
Fluorine ~ from Latin word fluere (to flow)
![Page 8: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical symbols usually consist of:1) 1st letter of the element’s name :
Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N) Sulfur (S)
2) 1st two letters of the element’s name :
Helium (He) Calcium (Ca) Aluminium (Al)
3) 1st and 3rd letters of the element’s name:
Magnesium (Mg) Chlorine (Cl) Zinc (Zn)
![Page 9: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
4) Original Latin /Greek name of element:
Sodium ~ Natrium (Na) Iron ~ Ferrum (Fe) Potassium ~ Kalium (K) Gold ~ Aurum (Au) Silver ~ Argentium (Ag) Lead ~ Plumbum (Pb) Mercury ~ Hydragyrum (Hg) Tin ~ Stannum (Sn)
![Page 10: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WOMANIUM (WO)
Physical properties: Generally soft and round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze any time. Very bitter if not used well.
Chemical properties: Very active and highly unstable. Possesses strong affinity with gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Turns slightly green when placed next to a better specimen.
Usage: An extremely good catalyst for dispersion of wealth.
Caution: Highly explosive in inexperienced hands!
Attention: New Additions to Periodic Table
![Page 11: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MANIUM (XY)
Physical properties: Solid at room temperature but gets bent out of shape easily. Difficult to find a pure sample. Due to rust, aging samples are unable to conduct electricity as easily as young samples.
Chemical properties: Attempts to bond with WO any chance it can get. Also tends to form strong bonds with itself. Becomes explosive when mixed with Childrium for prolonged period of time.
Usage: Possibly good methane source. Caution: In the absence of WO, this element rapidly decomposes and begins to smell.
Attention: New Additions to Periodic Table
![Page 12: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PERIODIC TABLE is arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
VERTICAL columns are called
HORIZONTAL rows are called
![Page 13: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
There are 8 in the periodic table.
Elements in the same group share SIMILAR chemical properties.
![Page 14: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Across a from left to right, there is
a gradual change of :
1) Chemical properties2) Metallic to non-metallic properties
![Page 16: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Elements in the periodic table can also be classified into :
![Page 17: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1. Shiny
2. Ductile
3. Malleable
4. Sonorous
5. High density
6. High melting points
7. Good conductors of
heat & electricity
8. Mostly solids (except mercury)
* For the uses of various metals, refer to text book.
![Page 19: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1. Dull
2. Brittle
3. Low density
4. Non-ductile
5. Non-sonorous
6. Low melting points
7. Poor conductors of
heat and electricity
8. Can be solids, liquids
or gases
* For the uses of various non-metals, refer to text book.
![Page 20: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Substances that are with properties of both metals and non-metals
1. Solids
2. Ductile
3. Malleable
4. Can be shiny or dull
5. Conduct heat & electricity better than
non-metals but not as well as metals
![Page 21: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
is represented by drawing a circle with the element’s symbol written in it. E.g.
Carbon atom
CH
Hydrogen atom
Cl
Chlorine atom
ATOMS are the SMALLEST particles of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
![Page 22: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
All atoms of a given element are IDENTICAL and
different from the atoms of any other element.
identical iron atoms.
![Page 23: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MOST elements consist of ATOMS as their smallest particles. E.g. all the metals and noble gases.
However, some elements consist of MOLECULES as their smallest particles. E.g. all the non-metals.
Magnesium
MgLi
Lithium
Ar
Argon
![Page 24: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MOLECULES are made up of TWO or MORE atoms CHEMICALLY combined together.
Chlorine
Cl Cl
Nitrogen
N N
Molecules of elements consist of the SAME type of atoms joined together.
![Page 25: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Some elements consist of molecules of 2 atoms as their smallest particle. (Diatomic elements) E.g.
• Hydrogen (H2) • Nitrogen (N2)• Oxygen (O2)• Fluorine (F2)• Chlorine (Cl2)• Bromine (Br2)• Iodine (I2)
![Page 26: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
some elements consist of molecules of more than 2 atoms as their smallest particle:
Phosphorus (P4)
P PP
P S
SS S
S S
SS
Sulphur (S8)
![Page 27: CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c865503460f9493df3a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Which elements do the particle diagram below represent?