Classification of Vowels Traditional Classification Chapter 4.
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Transcript of Classification of Vowels Traditional Classification Chapter 4.
![Page 1: Classification of Vowels Traditional Classification Chapter 4.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649f005503460f94c15861/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Classification of Vowels
Traditional ClassificationChapter 4
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Outline
Discuss the traditional classification of vowels:
Identify phonetic symbols for front, central and back vowels.
Describe vowels according to the traditional classification.
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Production of Vowels
Vowels are produced in essentially the same manner and voicing. Produced with oral resonance All are voiced
Identification of a vowel is a result of the shaping of the oral cavity. Tongue movement Jaw opening/closing Lip rounding & tenseness
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Traditional Vowel Classification
Tongue Movement
Tension
Lip Rounding
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Tongue Movement
Tongue Height*Vertical movement
High Vowels: tongue at highest position
Mid Vowels: tongue at mid position
Low Vowels: tongue at lowest position
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Tongue Movement
Tongue Advancement*Horizontal movement
Front Vowels: tongue in front; most of resonating cavity in back of mouth
Central Vowels: half of resonating cavity in front and half in back
Back Vowels: tongue in back; resonating cavity in front of mouth
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Tongue Height + Tongue Advancement
= 9 Positions
ADVANCEMENT HEIGHT VOWELS
Front High /i, I/
Front Mid /e, ɛ/
Front Low /æ/
Central High none
Central Mid /ə, ʌ, ɚ, ɝ/
Central Low none
Back High /u, Ʊ/
Back Mid /o, ɔ/
Back Low /ɑ/
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Tension
Tense Vowels: increased muscular tension in the tongue
Lax Vowels: opposite of tense; decreased muscular tension
Neutral Vowels: tongue usually in rest position
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Lip-Rounding
Rounded Lips Back vowels
Unround/retracted Lips Front vowels
Neutral Central vowels
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Vowel Quadralateral (chart)
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Front Vowel: /i/
Description: Front, high, tense, unround Sometimes changed to /I/
Hear /hir/ /hIr/
Sounds like: Eat, leave, money
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Front Vowel: /I/
Description: Front, high, lax, unround
Sounds like: In, mitt
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Front Vowel: /e/
Description: Front, mid, tense, unround
When elongated = diphthong /eI/Occurs more often
Sounds like: Operate, vacation
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Front Vowel: /ɛ/
Description: Front, mid, lax, unround
Sounds like: End, head
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Front Vowel: /æ/
Description: Front, low, lax, unround
Sounds like: Add, cat
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Central Vowels
The central vowels are more difficult to teach because there is a lot of variation in central tongue positioning.
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Central Vowel: /ʌ/
Description: Central, mid, tense, neutral lip rounding Occurs in stressed syllables only
Referred to as: “caret”
Sounds like: Under, tub
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Central Vowel: /ə/
Description: Central, mid, lax, neutral lip rounding Occurs in unstressed syllables
Referred to as: “shwa”
Sounds like: Away, elephant, arena
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Central Vowel: /ɝ/
Description: Central, mid, tense, rounded Occurs in stressed syllables only Duration is longer and more tense as
compared to /ɚ/
Sounds like: Earth, learn, her
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Central Vowel: /ɚ/
Description: Central, mid, lax, neutral lip rounding Occurs in unstressed syllables Most often in final position of words
Referred to as: “shwar”
Sounds like: Understand, mother
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Rhotic Vowels /ɝ, ɚ/
Rhotacized: refers to positioning or influence of /r/ Often misarticulated Both have retroflex Tongue-tip is curled or pulled back Tongue is arched in middle
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Rhotic /ɝ,ɚ/ vs /r/
RHOTIC /ɝ,ɚ/ Greater duration Constitutes a syllable Tongue movement
toward, rather than away from the consonant /r/ position
It is never voiceless following voiceless consonants, as /r/ may be
/r/ CONSONANT Shorter duration Never constitutes a
syllable Tongue movement is
away from /r/ position
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Back Vowel: /u/
Description: Back, high, tense, round
Sounds like: Oops, fruit, tu
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Back Vowel: /Ʊ/
Description: Back, high, lax, round Only occurs in medial positions of
words Lips are not as round as /u/
Sounds like: Cook, would
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Back Vowel: /O/
Description: Back, mid, tense, round
When elongated = diphthong /oƱ/
Occurs more often
Sounds like: Obey, nobility
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Back Vowel: /ɔ/
Description: Back, mid, lax, round More prominent in Northeastern dialects;
not common in Southern dialects Frequently collapsed to /ɑ/ in Southern
dialects
Sounds like: Off, talk, jaw
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Back Vowel: /ɑ/
Description: Back, low, lax, round Very little rounding
Sounds like: On, stop