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Classification of Living Things Please write down everything in THIS COLOR
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Classification of Living Things
Please write down everything in THIS COLOR
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Why do scientists classify?• Biologists use classification to
organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.
• Classification: the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
• Taxonomy: the scientific study of how living things are classified.
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The classification system of Linnaeus
• 1750s • Swedish scientist named Carolus
Linnaeus created a naming system for organisms.
• Binomial nomenclature: the naming system for organisms in which each organism is given a two-part name—a genus name and a species name.
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Genus and Species• Genus: a classification grouping
that consists of a number of similar, closely related species. The first part of an organism’s scientific name.
• Species: A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. The second part of an organism’s scientific name.
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For example…genus
• Pumas, ocelots, and housecats are all classified in the genus Felis. They all share characteristics such as sharp, retractable claws and behaviors such as hunting other animals.
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…and species.• The species name sets one
species in a genus apart from another.
• The species name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism—where it lives or its color. – Puma: Felis concolor (same color)– Ocelot: Felis pardalis (spotted)– House cat: Felis domesticus (of the
house)
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Specifics• These words are in Latin.
– Latin was the language that scientists communicated in during that time.
• The entire scientific name is written in italics.
• The genus is capitalized and the species begins with a small letter.
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7 levels of classification• KINGDOM• PHYLUM• CLASS• ORDER• FAMILY• GENUS• SPECIES• If you can, think of a way to
remember these—King Phillip Comes Over For Good Spaghetti
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Here is the classification of what we know as a leopard
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Kingdoms• A kingdom is the broadest level of
organization. There are 6 main kingdoms:– Animals– Plants– Fungi– Protists– Eubacteria– Archaebacteria
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Phyla• Within a kingdom there are phyla.
– One of the most important phyla classifications is in the animal kingdom.
– Animals with backbones are placed in the phylum Chordata.
– Animals without backbones are placed in many different phyla
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Scientists have divided the Animal Kingdom into two main groups:
vertebrates
(animals with a
backbone)
invertebrates (animals without a backbone)
and
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Taxonomic or dichotomous key
• Taxonomic key: a series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.
• It is also called a dichotomous key (“di” meaning “two”) because at each level on the key there are two choices to identify the organism.
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Try using a dichotomous key!• http://students.ed.qut.edu.au/n236
4379/MDB377/DichotomousKey.html
• Use this link to work together as a class to classify different animals.