Classification

Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary

Classification- Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups based on similar characteristics.

Biologists use classification to make organisms easier to study.

Taxonomy- is the scientific study of how organisms are classified.

Vocab. Continued!!!!!!!

Carolus Linnaeus is considered the founder of Taxonomy. He came up with the system that gave every living thing a two word name (genus and species). This is called binomial nomenclature (two names naming system)

ex. Before Linnaeus the honey bee was called Apis pubescens thorace subgriseo abdomine fusco pedibus posticus glabris utrinque margine ciliatus.Oh wowww!!!!!!!!!! Thank goodness for Carolus Linnaeus!!After his naming, the honey bee is Apis melliferaThe two part naming is made up of the genus and the species.

Elephas maximus ↓ ↓Genus Species

The first part of the name (genus) is always capitalized.The second part of the name (species) is lower case.

The name is either underlined or italicized.

Examples: Tyrannosauarus rex Canis lupus Luiquidambar styraciflua ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

Genus species Genus species Genus species

Advantages of scientific names:

• They eliminate confusion. No matter what language scientists speak in their country, scientific names are always in Latin or Greek.

• Organisms may have many common names but only 1 scientific name.

Bonjour Adios sayonara

Taxonomic Keys

• These are special guides to identify an unknown organism. It is made up of descriptive statements with either a “yes” or “no” answer. By working through the statements, a person can identify a species. (p. 20)

Branching Tree Diagrams

• Diagrams that show evolutionary relationships between organisms. The closer an organism is to another, the more closely related they are. (p. 27)

Domain Bacteria

Prokaryotic (no nucleus)Unicellular Cell wallSome are autotrophs, some

heterotrophsThey live everywhere, are in YOU, most

are helpfulOldest organisms (3.5 billion years)

Domain Bacteria Examples

E. coli, Strep, tuberculosis, salmonellaMany are decomposers, Lactobacillus acidophilus makes yogurt

Domain Archaea

Prokaryotic (no nucleus), Unicellular Cell wallSome are autotrophs

and some are heterotrophs

Domain Archaea Examples

There are three main types:

salt lovers, heat lovers, and methane producers (found inside cows)!

These ancient (archae) bacteria live in extreme environments!

Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista

Eukaryotic (cell has a nucleus, membrane covered organelles)

Most are unicellularSome are autotrophs, some

heterotrophsProtists evolved from bacteria and other

organisms evolved from protists

Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista examples

Three types: plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like

Ameba, Euglena, volvox, slime mold, seaweed

Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi

EukaryoticCell wall Mostly multicellularAll are heterotrophs (first digest then absorb their food)

Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi examples

Molds, yeasts, mushroomsSome fungi are helpful (decomposers,

food, antibiotics such as penicillin); others are harmful (poison, disease)

Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae

Eukaryotic Cell wallMulticellularAutotrophPlants have tissues and organs and

complex sexual reproduction cycles

Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae examples

Moss, ferns, sunflowers, grass, redwood trees

Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia

EukaryoticMulticellularNo cell wallsHeterotrophsMost have organ systemsand movement All reproduce sexually.

Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia examples

Sponges, beetles, jellyfish, worms, birds, snakes, moths, coral, humans, fish, mosquitoes, clams