Classification 17.1 & 17.4. 17.1 – The Linnaean System of Classification Key Concept: Organisms...
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Transcript of Classification 17.1 & 17.4. 17.1 – The Linnaean System of Classification Key Concept: Organisms...
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Classification17.1 & 17.4
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17.1 – The Linnaean System of Classification Key Concept:
Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.
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Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today.
Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system.
White oak:Quercus alba
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Binomial nomenclature Two-part scientific naming system
uses Latin words scientific names always written in italics if
typed or underlined if hand written two parts are the genus name and
species descriptor
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A genus includes one or more physically similar species.Species in the same genus are thought to be
closely related. Genus name is always capitalized.
A species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name. always lowercase always follows genus name;
never written alone
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Scientific names help scientists to communicate. Some species have very similar common
names. Some species have many common names.
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Linnaeus’ classification system has seven levels.
Each level is included in the level above it.
Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.
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Seven Levels of Classification1. Kingdom2. Phylum3. Class4. Order5. Family6. Genus7. Species
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17.4 – Domains and Kingdoms Key Concept:
The current tree of life has three domains.
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Classification is always a work in progress.
The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,Animalia and Plantae
1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista
1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera
1959: fungi moved to own kingdom
1977: kingdom Monerasplit into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Monera
Fungi
Archea
Bacteria
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Domains The three domains in the tree of life are
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Domains are above the kingdom level.
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Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom
Bacteria one of largest groups on Earth classified by shape, need for oxygen,
and diseases caused
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Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea cell walls chemically different from bacteria differences discovered by studying RNA known for living in extreme environments
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Domain Eukarya Includes all eukaryotes
Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia