CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved...
-
Upload
amanda-gillings -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved...
![Page 1: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION
Finding Order In Diversity
Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org
![Page 2: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definition of Taxonomy
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally
accepted name Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle
1
![Page 3: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Classify?1. To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
2. Taxonomists are able to organize organisms into groups that have biological importance.
![Page 4: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Classify?3. Classification makes life easier. What are
some ways we classify in our daily living?
![Page 5: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Assigning Scientific Names
1. Using common names is confusing because manyorganisms may have several different common
names. 2. For example, the cougar is also known as the mountain lion, puma or catamount…thus the need for a scientific name.
Scientific name: Puma concolor
![Page 6: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Assigning Scientific Names
3. A Swedish botanist named Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system for naming all species on Earth.
4. This two-word naming system is called Binomial Nomenclature.
2
![Page 7: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Assigning Scientific Names
5. The first part of the scientific name is the genus name. This word is always written first with the first letter capitalized. This name appears in italics or is underlined.
6. The second part of the scientific name is the species name. This word is always written second and is not capitalized. This name also appears in italics or is underlined.
Write the scientific name for humans:Genus name: Homo
Species name: sapien
Homo sapien or H. sapien
![Page 8: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Linnaeus’ System of Classification1. Linnaeus’ hierarchical system
of classification includes seven levels. They are, from largest to smallest, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
2. In taxonomic nomenclature, each level is called a taxon (plural: taxa) or taxonomic category.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
![Page 9: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Linnaeus’ System of Classification
3. The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive (includes) of the taxonomic categories.
4. Species is the smallest and least inclusive of the taxonomic categories.
5. The more taxonomic categories that two organisms share, the more closely related they are considered to be.
What do the scientific names of each bear tell you about their similarity to each other? Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
![Page 10: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Application of Linnaeus’ Classification System
Organism Cat Wolf FlyKingdom Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Chordata Chordata Arthropod
aClass Mammalia Mammalia InsectaOrder Carnivora Carnivora DipteraFamily Felidae Canidae MuscidaeGenus Felis Canis Musca
Species domesticus lupus domestica
![Page 11: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Application of Linnaeus’ Classification Systmem
1. What type of animal is M. domestica?
2. Which two animals listed on the table are most closely related?
3. At what classification level does the evolutionary relationship between cats and wolves diverge (become different)?Family Level
![Page 12: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Evolutionary Classification
1. Darwin’s theories on descent with modification have led to the study of phylogeny, which is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
2. Biologists group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent or phylogeny and not just physical similarities.
3. Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history is called evolutionary classification.
![Page 13: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Evolutionary Classification and Cladograms
1. Cladograms are tree-like diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Three Domains Cladogram
![Page 14: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
A B C D E F
Clade orlineage
Speciation:formation of twoNew species from one
TIME
![Page 15: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Evolutionary Classification and Cladograms
2. Cladistic analysis identifies and considers new characteristics that arise as lineages evolve over time.
3. Derived characters are those that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members.
4. When a derived characteristics appears ahead of an organism listed on a cladogram, the organism lacks that derived characteristics.
5. When a derived characteristics appears below, beneath, or before the organism, the organism possesses or has that derived characteristics.
![Page 16: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CLADOGRAM
Hagfish
Fish FrogLizard
Mouse
Pigeon
Fur &MammaryGlands
Clawsor Nails
Chimp
Feathers
Lungs
Jaws
![Page 17: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VENN DIAGRAMS
1. VENN Diagrams can be used to make models of hierarchical classification schemes. A Venn diagram is shown below:
C.
B.
A.
D.
![Page 18: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Four groups are represented by circular regions• Each region represents different taxonomic
levels.• Regions that overlap, share common members.• Regions that do not overlap do not have
common members.
C.
B.
A.
D.
![Page 19: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Matching:
C.
B.
A.
D.
C
B
D
A
Mammals Animals with backbones Insects
All animals
![Page 20: CLASSIFICATION Finding Order In Diversity Linnaean Taxonomy. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from .](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516e384550346f5558b4628/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Citations
1. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetles
2. Carlolus Linnaeus. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved 03/09/2007, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeus