Lesson 1:Lesson 1: A first lookA first look

CLASSICAL SCULPTURECLASSICAL SCULPTURE

IES VILATZARAJavier Muro

1. GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME1. GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME

MEDITERRANEAN SEA, BLACK SEA, AEGEAN SEA, ADRIATIC SEA, IONIAN SEA, TYRRHENIAN SEA

ITALY, GREECE, ASIA MINOR, PELOPONNESUS

BYZANTION, ATHENS, OLYMPIA, SPARTA, ROME

ISLANDS: RHODES, CRETE, SICILY, CORSICA, SARDINIA, CYPRUS, CHIOS, LESBOS

OLYMPUS MOUNT, TIBER RIVER

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/mediterranean_rel82.jpg

CLASSICAL SCULPTURE: GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME

BECAUSE THE MEDITERRANEAN IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME OF GREECE SEA ITALY AND ARE TWO BASIN PENINSULAS THE MEDITERRANEAN SCULPTURE LOCATED IN THE CLASSICAL.

THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME OF THE CLASSICAL SCULPTURE BECAUSE ITALY AND GREECE ARE TWO PENINSULAS LOCATED IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peloponnese_modis.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Roman_Empire_Map.png

www.answers.com/topic/aegean-sea

CARDINAL POINTS /DIRECTIONS

NORTH NORTHERN

SOUTH SOUTHERN

EAST EASTERN

WEST WESTERN

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/compass/

ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS

WHERE IS CORSICA LOCATED ?

BALKAN PENINSULA IS LOCATED BETWEEN ____ AND ____ .

ITALIAN PENINSULA IS LOCATED BETWEEN _____ AND _____ .

WHICH ARE THE MAIN NORTHERN MEDITERRANIAN COUNTRIES?

WHAT ARE THE MAIN SEAS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN FROM WESTERN TO EASTERN?

WHERE IS THE THYRRENIAN SEA LOCATED?

WHY IS CYPRUS AN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ISLAND?

CLASSICAL SCULPTURE: ACROSS 3. Island located in the Aegean Sea5. Area located in the South7. Main Italian city 9. Area located in the North10. Sea located between Greece and Asia Minor11. The most famous Italian river13. Country located in an eastern peninsula14. Sea located between Italy and Greece15. Western Italian island16. Sea located between Italy and Sardinia18. The most Eastern Mediterranean island19. The most famous Greek mountain

GEOGRAPHICAL FRAMEDOWN 1. Area located in the East2. A huge Greek island in the Mediterranean4. Main city of Peloponnesus6. Mare Nostrum8. Area located in the West10. Eastern Italian sea12. Southern Italian island17. A coloured sea in the Mediterranean basin

1E                               2    

 AA               3         4          

5S                                   6

                                     

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15                 16                  

                                     

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19                                    

                                     

                                     

                                     

2. CHRONOLOGICAL FRAME2. CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMECLASSICAL SCULPTURECLASSICAL SCULPTURE

Kleobis and Biton. Kouroi. 580 B.C.Grave stele of a little girl with doves ca.450 B.C.

Polykleitos. Doryphoros.

ca.450-440 B.C.

Laocoon and his sons.

Original from ca.200 B.C.

Portrait bust of a man, 1st century B.C.

Augustus of Primaporta. Early 1st century AD (marble) after a bronze of the 1st century BC

Ara Pacis Augustae. 9 B.C. Rome

Trajan’s column. 113 A.D. Rome

TIMELINESTIMELINESAncient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.

ANCIENTANCIENT

GREECEGREECE

PERIOD ARCHAIC CLASSICAL HELLENISTIC

CHRONOLOGY

ARTWORKS

ANCIENTANCIENT

ROMEROME

PERIODMONARCHY /

“SEVEN KINGS”REPUBLIC EMPIRE

CHRONOLOGY

ARTWORKS

ANCIENTANCIENT

GREECEGREECE

PERIOD ARCHAIC CLASSICAL HELLENISTIC

CHRONOLOGY 700 – 480 B.C.700 – 480 B.C. 480 – 323 B.C.480 – 323 B.C. 323 – 31 B.C. 323 – 31 B.C.

ARTWORKS • Kleobis and Biton Kleobis and Biton • Grave steleGrave stele

• DoryphorosDoryphoros• Laocoon Laocoon

ANCIENTANCIENT

ROMEROME

PERIODMONARCHY /

“SEVEN KINGS”REPUBLIC EMPIRE

CHRONOLOGY 752 – 510 B.C.752 – 510 B.C. 509 – 27 B.C.509 – 27 B.C. 27 B.C. – 476 A.D.27 B.C. – 476 A.D.

ARTWORKS • Portrait bustPortrait bust

• Trajan`s columnTrajan`s column

• Augustus of Augustus of

PrimaportaPrimaporta• Ara Pacis AugustaeAra Pacis Augustae

BC and AD //// BCE and CEAnno Domini (Medieval Latin: In the year of (the/Our) Lord),[abbreviated as AD or A.D., is a designation used to number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. More fully, years may be also specified as Anno Domini Nostri Iesu (Jesu) Christi ("In the Year of Our Lord Jesus Christ").The calendar era which it numbers is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus. Before Christ, abbreviated as BC or B.C., is used in the English language to denote years before the start of this epoch.

Common Era (also known as Christian Era and Current Era;] abbreviated CE)[4] is a designation for the period of time beginning with year 1 of the proleptic Gregorian calendar. An earlier date is then designated BCE, described as "Before the Common", "Christian", or "Current Era“.

Traditionally, English copied Latin usage by placing the abbreviation before the year number for AD, but after the year number for BC; for example: 64 BC, but AD 2008. However, placing the AD after the year number (as in 2008 AD) is now also common.

_____________________________________________

ORDER THE ARTWORKS FROM THE OLDEST TO THE MOST RECENT. GREEK AND ROMAN

ADD TO THIS1.LAOCOON AND HIS SONS ...

2.TRAJAN’S COLUMN IS ...

3.DORYPHORUS ...

4.ROMAN SCULPTURE ...

5. ARCHAIC GREEK SCULPTURE ...

WHO ARE YOU?WRITE ON A SHEET OF PAPER:

CHRONOLOGY: (509-27 BC)

AN ARTWORK: (PORTRAIT BUST)

__________________________________________

MY PERIOD LASTS /SPANS FROM... TO... AND ... IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF AN ARTWORK OF THIS PERIOD.

ARE YOU... A GREEK /ROMAN PERIOD? I’M A .... PERIOD.

YOU ARE... BECAUSE... COINCIDE WITH THAT PERIOD.

WRITE A SENTENCE SUMMARIZING THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL FRAME OF THE CLASSICAL SCULPTURE.

OR

FILL IN THE GAPS :

Classical sculpture, namely, Greek and _______sculptures lasts from the _________________to ____ century ___. Greek sculpture is divided in _______ periods, namely, _______, Classical and ____________; _____ sculpture is also classified in three periods: _________, _________and _______.

Classical sculpture, namely Greek and Roman sculptures, lasts from the 8th century BC to 5th century AD. Greek sculpture is divided in three periods, namely Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic; Roman sculpture is also classified in three periods: Monarchy, Republic and Empire.

MAKING SCULPTURES, TECHNIQUES

CARVING

To carveCarving is an ancient activity where pieces of rough natural stone or wood are shaped by the controlled removal of stone or wood.

MODELLING

To modelTo model or create from a substance such as clay, adding the material.

CASTING

To cast Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material as bronze is (usually) poured into a mould, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solid casting is then ejected or broken out to complete the process

Assemblage Assemblage is an artistic process in which a three-dimensional artistic composition is made from putting together found objects.

liquid material as bronze is (usually) poured into a mould

3. And now read the next definitions and CLASSIFYCLASSIFY the previous artworks in this grid:

SCULPTURESCULPTURE: A three dimensional work of art that can be made in a huge variety of materials and can be described as assemblage, statue in the round and relief.

RELIEFRELIEF: A two dimensional work in which carved figures project from a background plane.

STATUE IN THE ROUNDSTATUE IN THE ROUND: An in-the-round statue is three dimensional with all parts of it fully carved or modelled. It is necessary to walk around the figure to fully appreciate its form.

Types of relief•Bas-relief = (low relief) is where the overall depth of a projecting image is shallow. The background is compressed to such an extent it may be flat, as on coins. •Alto-relievo . Alto-relief (high relief) is where the image is highly undercut and rendered almost in the round against the background. Images are usually near natural depth. The background is detailed and deeper. •Sunken-relief, also known as intaglio or hollow-relief, is where the "background" is flat, but is nearest the viewer, while the image is deeper, carved into the flat surface.

statue is a sculpture in the round representing a person or persons, an animal, or an event, normally full-length, as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size, or larger.

A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person's head and neck, as well as a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.An equestrian statue is a statue of a horse-mounted rider.

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

STATUESTATUE

IN THE ROUNDIN THE ROUND

•

•

•

•

•

RELIEFRELIEF

•

•

•

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

STATUESTATUE

IN THE ROUNDIN THE ROUND

• Kleobis and Biton Kleobis and Biton

• DoryphorosDoryphoros

• Laocoon Laocoon

• Portrait bustPortrait bust

• Augustus of PrimaportaAugustus of Primaporta

RELIEFRELIEF

• Grave stele of a little girl with dovesGrave stele of a little girl with doves

• Trajan’s columnTrajan’s column

•Ara Pacis AugustaeAra Pacis Augustae

A

B

C

DE F

4. ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS (5 Ws)4. ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS (5 Ws)

Using the following 5 Ws prepare two questions to ask your classmates:

● WHAT ● WHO ● WHEN ?

● WHERE ● WHY

- WHY IS AUGUSTUS OF PRIMA PORTA A STATUE IN THE ROUND?

- WHEN WAS ARA PACIS CARVED?

- WHERE IS LAOCOON AND HIS SONS LOCATED?

- WHO IS DORYPHOROS‘ AUTHOR?

- WHERE IS TRAJAN’S COLUMN LOCATED?

- WHAT IS THE OLDEST STATUE?

- WHICH IS THE OLDEST RELIEF?

CATALOGUING

REWRITE THIS SENTENCE:

by an unknown author / that were carved / ,so they are considered /Cleobis and Biton / a good example of / in the year 580 BC / Archaic Greek sculpture / are two Greek statues.

5. CATALOGUING5. CATALOGUINGUse the next pattern for cataloguing 4 of the previous pieces.

(ArtworkArtwork) (is/areis/are) (a/ana/an) (statue in the round/reliefstatue in the round/relief) carved by (sculptor/an unknown authorsculptor/an unknown author) in the (year/centuryyear/century), so it is a good example of (style and periodstyle and period).

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

6. Which of the sentences below describe a common feature of all the classical sculptures that we have seen?

A) Expressivity and suffering is strong.

B) The body is represented in a naturalistic (real) way.

C) The movement is reinforced by the twist of bodies.

D) The human body has a main role.

E) Religion is the main theme represented.

Your answer: Your answer:

We agree that _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.

Your answer: Your answer:

We agree that _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.

A) Expressivity and suffering is strong.

B) The body is represented in a naturalistic (real) way.

C) The movement is reinforced by the twist of bodies.

D) The human body has a main role.D) The human body has a main role.

E) Religion is the main theme represented.

Your answer: Your answer:

We agree that _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.

Your answer: Your answer:

We agree that _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.

6. Which of the sentences below describe a common feature to all the classical sculptures that we have seen?

‘Man is the measure of all things: of things which are, that they are, and of things which are not, that they are not’.

Protagoras (ca.490-420 B.C.)

πάντων χρημάτων μέτρον ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος, τῶν μὲν ὄντων ὡς ἔστιν, τῶν δὲ οὐκ ὄντων ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν

7.1. THE HUMAN BODY7.1. THE HUMAN BODY7.1. Identify the parts of the body indicated below:

HEAD TRUNK LIMBS / EXTREMITIES

FACE NECK EYE SHOULDER CHEST ARM LEG

NOSE EAR BEARD GROIN HIP HAND FINGER KNEE FOOT

HAIR MOUTH FOREHEAD BELLY BUTTON ELBOW ANKLE TOES

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Human_body_features.jpg/715px-Human_body_features.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body

http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/body.htm#UsefulVocab

http://iteslj.org/v/ei/body.html

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/body/label/

ASKING AND ANSWERING...

HEADTRUNK ?

YOUR LIMBSLEFT ARM ?

IS HIS RIGHT LEGSHOULDERS ?

WHERE HER FOREHEADNAVEL ?

ARE THEIR EARMOUTH ?

NOSEHAIR ?

ODD ONE OUTWhich word is the odd one out?

A) KNEE, FACE, NOSE, EYES

B) NAVEL, GROIN, NECK, CHEST

C) HAND, FOOT, ELBOW, FINGER

D) ANKLE, KNEE, SHOULDER, TOES

E) HIP, MOUTH, FOREHEAD, EAR

THE ___________ IS THE ODD ONE OUT BECAUSE IT’S __ THE ___________ IS THE ODD ONE OUT BECAUSE IT’S __ __________ AND THE OTHERS ARE ___ _______________ .__________ AND THE OTHERS ARE ___ _______________ .

CAN YOU GUESS ?1. ________ is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal

bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs.2.2. The _________are the two intricate, prehensile, multi-The _________are the two intricate, prehensile, multi-fingered body parts body parts

normally located at the end of each arm .normally located at the end of each arm .3.3. A _________ is the A _________ is the hair that grows on a person's that grows on a person's chin, cheeks, neck, and , cheeks, neck, and

the area above the upper lipthe area above the upper lip4.4. The _________ (also called an The _________ (also called an umbilicusumbilicus or, colloquially, or, colloquially, belly buttonbelly button) is ) is

a a scar on the on the abdomen, caused when the , caused when the umbilical cord is removed from a is removed from a newborn newborn babybaby. .

5.5. The ________ is the region surrounding the elbow-joint in the middle of the The ________ is the region surrounding the elbow-joint in the middle of the armarm..

6.6. _______ are the _______ are the digitsdigits of the of the footfoot of an animal of an animal7.7. In In human anatomyhuman anatomy, the __________ is the bony part of the , the __________ is the bony part of the headhead above the above the

eyeseyes..8.8. Anatomically, a ________ is a protuberance in Anatomically, a ________ is a protuberance in vertebratesvertebrates that houses the that houses the

nostrilsnostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for , or nares, which admit and expel air for respirationrespiration in conjunction in conjunction with the with the mouthmouth..

7.2. Rewrite the following four sentences related to the classical sculptures that we have seen:

● hands/has/in/The/girl/her/dove/young/a:

●suffering/of/The/Laocoon/face/represented/his/in/is:

● August of Primaporta /right/arm/raised/has/his:

● Doryphoros/his/leg/has/bent/left:

• The young girl has a dove in her handsThe young girl has a dove in her hands

• The suffering of Laocoon is represented in his faceThe suffering of Laocoon is represented in his face

• Augustus of Primaporta has his right arm raised Augustus of Primaporta has his right arm raised

• Doryphoros has his left leg bentDoryphoros has his left leg bent

7.2. Rewrite the following four sentences related to the classical sculptures that we have seen:

Altar of Zeus at Pergamum164-156 B.C.

Capitoline She wolf. 470 BCAnavissos Kouros 540-515 B.C.

8. Write in the diagram below the name of these artworks according to their period /style:

.

Apollo of Veyesc. 510 BC

Archaic period

Republic

Archaic periodKleobis and BitonAnavissos Kouros

GREEK ARTGREEK ART

Classical periodDoryphoros

Hellenistic periodAltar Zeus PergamumLaocoon and his sons

ROMAN ARTROMAN ART

Monarchy

RepublicCapitoline She wolf

Empire

Augustus of Prima Porta

Apollo of Veyes

MIND MAP

CLASSICAL SCULPTURE

GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME

CHRONOLOGICAL FRAME

GREEK SCULPTURE

ROMAN SCULPTURE

CLASSICAL

ARCHAIC

HELLENISTIC

MONARCHY

REPUBLIC

EMPIRE

ARTWORKS

CLEOBIS AND BITON

DORYPHOROS

LAOCOON AND HIS SONS

TARANTINE GRAVE RELIEF

AUGUSTUS OF PRIMA PORTA

ROMAN SCULPTURE ARCHAIC CHRONOLOGICAL FRAME

CLASSICAL EMPIRE GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME

REPUBLIC MONARCHY CLASSICAL SCULPTURE

LAOCOON DORYPHOROS CLEOBIS AND BITON

HELLENISTIC CAPITOLINE SHE WOLF

AUGUSTUS OF PRIMA PORTA ARTWORKS / WORKS OF ART

GREEK SCULPTURE APOLLO OF VEYES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_sculpture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_sculpture

CLASSICAL SCULPTURE

GEOGRAPHICAL FRAME

CHRONOLOGICAL FRAME

GREEK SCULPTURE

ROMAN SCULPTURE

ARCHAIC

CLASSICAL

HELLENISTIC

MONARCHY

REPUBLIC

EMPIRE

WORKS OF ART

CLEOBIS AND BITON

DORYPHOROS

LAOCOON AND HIS SONS

APOLLO OF VEYES

CAPITOLINE SHE WOLF

AUGUSTUS OF PRIMA PORTA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_sculpture

Sarcophagus from CerveteriEtruscansculpturec. 520 B.C.

Apollo of Veyesc. 510 BC