CLASSICAL ROME – RISE AND FALL. RISE AND FALL OF ROME NOTES Rome Gains PowerPower =...
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Transcript of CLASSICAL ROME – RISE AND FALL. RISE AND FALL OF ROME NOTES Rome Gains PowerPower =...
CLASSICAL ROME – RISE AND FALL
RISE AND FALL OF ROME NOTES
Rome Gains Power Power = ProblemsAttempts at Reform
Fall of Rome Legacy of Rome
Rome Spreads Its Power and Influence
Rome Conquers Italy Roman power continued to grow, they
controlled central Italy and eventually they defeated the Etruscans and controlled nearly all of Italy
Roman power eventually spread far beyond Italy
Rome’s Commercial Network Rome’s Commercial Network
Location allowed for land and sea trade One city in Carthage (Northern Africa)
interfered with Roman access to the Mediterranean
Punic Wars
War with Carthage Punic Wars – Rome vs. Carthage First War – lasted 23 years for control over Sicily
and the Mediterranean ended in a Roman victory Second War – led by Carthaginian General,
Hannibal – marched army and elephants through Spain, over the Alps and down through Italy, Hannibal won
Third War – Rome laid siege on Carthage, burned the city to the ground and sold its residents into slavery
Rome Triumphs Rome dominated the western
Mediterranean
BOX ONE – WRITE THIS
Trade and war made Rome powerful and they dominated the Mediterranean
Growth of Power Leads to Problems Rome faced many problems with its
expanding borders What problems might the empire face?
Rome’s Economy Weakens Hostile tribes and piracy on the seas
interrupted trade Stopped spreading empire and lacked
new resources Inflation Agricultural problems – overworked the
land, food shortages and disease spread, population declined
Military and Political Turmoil Roman soldiers were becoming less loyal
and weren’t disciplined Soldiers fought for commanders, not for
Rome Government had to hire mercenaries to
protect the empire, felt no loyalty to Rome
People were no longer willing to sacrifice their lives for the greater good of Rome, loss of patriotism
BOX TWO – WRITE THIS
Economic Turmoil – trade interrupted, inflation, agricultural problems, lack of new resources
Military Turmoil – soldiers lost loyalty
Attempts at Reform
Diocletian Reforms the Empire Restored order to the Roman Empire,
was ruthless, limited personal freedoms Divided empire into two parts Greek speaking in the East (Greece,
Anatolia, Syria and Egypt) Latin speaking in the West (Italy, Gaul,
Britain and Spain)
Constantine Moves the Capital Constantine gained control over the
West in 312 and gained control over the East in 324
Moved the capital to the East to a city called Byzantium, power shifted from West to East, the city was renamed Constantinople
Empire divided again, the East survived, the West crumbled
BOX THREE – WRITE THIS
Diocletian divided the empire into East and West, limited personal freedoms
Constantine moved the capital to the East, capital city Constantinople, West fell, East survived
The Fall of Rome – Western Empire Crumbles
Germanic Invasions Germanic people had always settled on the
outskirts of the Roman empire and they got along well
A group of Mongol nomads, the Huns, began to push their way into the region
Germanic people fled into the Roman empire and were called “barbarians” (any non-Roman)
The Germanic people continued to flee into all of the Eastern Roman Empire and once they reached the Western Empire, they destroyed it
Attila the Hun Huns were indirectly responsible for the
plundering of Western Rome by the Germans and became a threat
United under Attila, 100,000 troops terrorized both sides of the empire but failed to take Constantinople
Attila moved forward to the Western half of the empire and tried to take Rome, but his army faced famine and disease and were unsuccessful
An Empire No More Last Roman emperor was Romulus
Augustulus was taken out by Germanic forces
Roman power in the West had completely disappeared
Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire
BOX FOUR – WRITE THIS
Mongol tribes (Huns) were moving into northern Europe, forcing Germanic tribes (Vandals & Visigoths) to move south, into Rome
Western Roman Empire fell and the East survived, eventually became Byzantine Empire
Legacy of Rome – Roots of Western Civilization
The Latin Language Latin language dominated Language was later adopted by
neighboring people and transformed into the romance languages: French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian
Many English words have Latin roots
Master Builders Arch, dome, concrete allowed for
spectacular buildings Aqueducts carried water Many American buildings borrow this
architecture Vast network of roads – some still used
today
Roman System of Law Greatest legacy
All persons deserve equal protection under the law
Innocent until proven guilty Burden of proof rested on the accuser, not
the accused Punished for actions, not thoughts Any unfair law could be abolished
Rome’s Enduring Influence Rome is the foundation for modern
Western civilization
BOX FIVE – WRITE THIS
Language, buildings, law, Christianity, foundation for Western Civilization