Classical GreeceClassical Greece

GeographyGeography

Includes mainland and about 2,000 islands

The sea & lack of resources encourage travel and trade

Mountains make travel & farming hard

Climate allows outdoor activities

Mycenaeans – Indo-Europeans that Mycenaeans – Indo-Europeans that settle in Southern Greece.settle in Southern Greece.

Trojan War - 1200s B.C. Mycenae Trojan War - 1200s B.C. Mycenae fought Troy fought Troy

Mycenae civilization collapses Mycenae civilization collapses

Dorians, move in and no records Dorians, move in and no records found for 400 yearsfound for 400 years

History through tradtionsHistory through tradtions– Homer – wrote epics (Homer – wrote epics (Iliad & Iliad &

OdysseyOdyssey)) Mythology – develop gods to Mythology – develop gods to

understand mystery of life. Have understand mystery of life. Have human traits.human traits.

ZeusZeus

The City-StateThe City-State

By 750 B.C. the Greek city-state, or polis, is the formal government

A polis is a city and its surrounding villages; 50 - 500 sq. miles

Population often less than 10,000 Citizens gather on acropolis—a

fortified hilltop & discuss government

GovernmentsGovernments

Monarchy- Monarchy-

Aristocracy- Aristocracy-

Oligarchy-Oligarchy-

Tyrant – Tyrant –

Democracy - Democracy -

Athens – Direct DemocracyAthens – Direct Democracy Sparta – Military StateSparta – Military State

Persian WarsPersian Wars Phalanx – formation of soldiers with Phalanx – formation of soldiers with

spears & shieldsspears & shields– Battle of Marathon – Persia vs. GreeceBattle of Marathon – Persia vs. Greece

Athens defeats Persia Athens defeats Persia Pheidippides - runs to Athens to Pheidippides - runs to Athens to

announce Greek victory, “Rejoice, announce Greek victory, “Rejoice, we conquer” then dies.we conquer” then dies.

Athens becomes leader of Greece Athens becomes leader of Greece – 200 city states– 200 city states– Alliance called Delian League.Alliance called Delian League.

AssignmentAssignment

Research daily life in Research daily life in Sparta & Sparta & AthensAthens

Answer the following questions Answer the following questions thoroughly: (pg. 128-131)thoroughly: (pg. 128-131)– 1. The role of government in the lives 1. The role of government in the lives

of individualsof individuals– 2. The purpose of education for boys 2. The purpose of education for boys

& girls& girls– 3. the responsibilities and privileges 3. the responsibilities and privileges

of citizens and non-citizensof citizens and non-citizens– 4. the roles of women in society4. the roles of women in society

AthensAthens

Golden Age 477- 431 B.C.Golden Age 477- 431 B.C. How did Pericles’ strengthen Athens?How did Pericles’ strengthen Athens?

1.Increased number of officials who were 1.Increased number of officials who were paid salaries. Now anyone can hold paid salaries. Now anyone can hold office. office.

2.Uses money from Delian League to 2.Uses money from Delian League to build up navy.build up navy.

3.Beautified Athens3.Beautified Athens

2 - Greeks2 - Greeks

Greek tragedy – character with Greek tragedy – character with tragic herotragic hero– Ex. Oedipus RexEx. Oedipus Rex

Greek comedy Greek comedy

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Who, What, When, Where & Why?Who, What, When, Where & Why? 1. Sparta & Athens1. Sparta & Athens 2. Peloponnesian War – Sparta 2. Peloponnesian War – Sparta

declares war on Athens. Athens declares war on Athens. Athens had strong navy; Sparta strong had strong navy; Sparta strong army.army.

3. 431 B.C.3. 431 B.C. 4. Athens lost. 4. Athens lost.

PhilosophersPhilosophers

Athens loses war and questions Athens loses war and questions meaning of lifemeaning of life

1. Socrates: absolute standards do 1. Socrates: absolute standards do exist, Greeks should examine their exist, Greeks should examine their lifelife

2. Plato: Ideal society of 3 groups2. Plato: Ideal society of 3 groups 3. Aristotle: argues for rules of logic, 3. Aristotle: argues for rules of logic,

scientific methodscientific method

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

After Peloponnesian WarAfter Peloponnesian War King Phillip of Macedonia noticed King Phillip of Macedonia noticed

Greece is weakGreece is weak– Defeats Greece, then diesDefeats Greece, then dies

Son, Alexander is KingSon, Alexander is King He defeats PersiaHe defeats Persia Empire grows to include all SW AsiaEmpire grows to include all SW Asia

– Army fights for 11 yearsArmy fights for 11 years

Macedonia in Macedonia in orangeorange

Hellenistic CultureHellenistic Culture

Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, & Indian influencesPersian, & Indian influences

City of Alexandria becomes City of Alexandria becomes largest citylargest city– 11stst Library here contained most of Library here contained most of

what we know todaywhat we know today