Class 15: Project Management August 2 nd, 2011.
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Transcript of Class 15: Project Management August 2 nd, 2011.
MIS 111: COMPUTERS AND
THE INTER-NETWORKED
SOCIETYClass 15: Project Management
August 2nd, 2011
LOOK A LOT ALIKE!
Pinchas Zukerman Mark Zuckerberg
TAKE ANOTHER LOOK
OBAMA?
MAYBE WE NEED SOME HELP FROM COMPUTER VISION… Let’s age Zuckerberg a little!
“FaceGen Modeller 3.5”
THIS IS THE TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY WE USE WITH NATIONAL SECURITY Do you trust an avatar that looks more
like you?
MIS 111: COMPUTERS AND
THE INTER-NETWORKED
SOCIETYClass 15: Project Management
August 2nd, 2011
ADMINISTRATION Assignment 4: Due Thursday Before
Class If you missed class, come get it.
Survey: AnimalLingo Party Class Evaluations- Possibly Today! Quiz 4 Tomorrow: Learning Objectives
QUIZ 4: LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define or describe 1) Enterprise Resource
Management (ERP), 2) Supply Chain Management, and 3) Customer Relationship Management systems.
Compare and contrast the waterfall model and Iterative and Incremental Development.
Explain what happens in the planning stage of the Software Development Life Cycle
Explain why it is important to understand company culture.
Define Project Management. What are the three constraints of project
management
TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES Specify requirements by using an event
table Create a context diagram Create DFD fragments Create a decision tree
Define Project Management List the three constraints of project
management Explain how to manage each constraint
REVIEW OF CONTEXT DIAGRAMS Context Diagrams contain External
Agents, Data Flows, and the System itself.
Draw the following context diagram representing Officer and Traffic Violator transactions.Officers record violations.Traffic Violators are fined through the
system and also pay fines through the system.
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
OfficerTraffic
ViolatorTraffic
System
Violation Info
Fine
Payment
REVIEW OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS Complete this event table.
Event Trigger Source Use Case
Response
Destination
Customer purchases tickets
Ticket Purchase
Concert is cancelled
Customer
CREATE DFD FRAGMENTS FROM THIS EVENT TABLE
Event Trigger Source Use Case
Response
Destination
Manager wants to check order status
Order Status Inquiry
Management
Look up Order Status
Order Status Details
Management
Shipping identifies back-order
Back-order notice
Shipping Record Back order
Return confirm-ation
Customer
Merchand-ising updates catalog
Catalog update details
Merchand-ising
Update Catalog
LETS KEEP GOING
REMEMBER THIS EXAMPLE
Event Trigger Source Use Case Response Destination
An academic department wants to schedule a course
Scheduling request
Academic Department
Schedule a course
Class Schedule
System
A student wants to enroll in a course
Enrollment Request
Student Enroll student
Schedule Student
Class lists are distributed to faculty
“Beginning of Semester”
System Produce class list
Class List Faculty
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
Faculty Member
Academic Departmen
t
StudentCourse
Registration System
Schedule Data
Class List
Enrollment Request
Schedule
Faculty Member
3 Produce Class List
Class List
Enrollment Data
Course Data
Student2 Enroll Student
Enrollment Request
Schedule
Enrollment Data
Course Data
Academic Departmen
t
1 Schedule Course
Course DataSchedule Data
THOUGHT? Any questions related to Assignment 4? Can I use this to develop an Android
App?
DIAGRAM 0: ALL TOGETHER
Academic Departmen
t
1 Schedul
e Course
Course Data
Enrollment Data
3 Produce
Class List
2 Enroll
Student
Student
Faculty Member
Schedule Data
Enrollment Request
Schedule
Class List
DIAGRAM 0: A LITTLE LESS ABSTRACTION
Diagram 0 contains all DFD fragments. Don’t worry… you won’t be required to perform this feat! But I will show you what one looks like.
Just focus on creating event tables, context diagrams, and DFD fragments.
Rome wasn’t built in a day.
SOME VERY BAD THINGS Black Hole – data goes into a process
and nothing comes out!
Miracle – nothing goes into a process and data comes out!
2 Enroll Student
Enrollment Request
Course Data
Student
2 Enroll Student
Schedule
Enrollment Data
Student
DECISION TREES
THE DECISION TREE The Decision Tree is another Systems
Analysis tool that summarizes decision logic.
DECISION TREES ARE BASED ON DECISION VARIABLES To decide delivery charge, we look at the
following variables:
Purchase Cost Is it greater or less than $250?
Number of Items Purchased Is it greater than or equal to four? Or less than
or equal to three?
Delivery Day Is it next day delivery? 2nd day delivery? Or 7th
day delivery?
Purchase > 250?
# items
Delivery day
No Yes
<=3
>=4
<=3
>=4
next
next
next nex
t2nd 7th
2nd7th
2nd7th 2nd 7th
DECISION MADE ON DELIVERY COST (in $)
25 10 7.50 10 7.50 6 35 15 10 9.50 7.50 6
YOU TRY A DECISION TREE BASED ON THESE VARIABLES By looking at the following variables, we can
decide whether or not to expedite delivery.
Customer Type Are they a new customer or not?
Back Order Is the item on back order more than 25 days or
not?
Return Instructions Are detailed instructions to be included or not?
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
SYSTEM SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Why was the Systems Development Life
Cycle so important? Because the majority of IS projects fail
WHY DO PROJECTS FAIL? Some primary reasons why projects fail
include the following:
1. Incomplete or changing system requirements
2. Poor Project Planning 3. Unclear objectives 4. Limited User Involvement 5. Lack of executive support 6. Lack of technical support
WHAT HELPS PROJECTS SUCCEED? 1. Clear system requirement
definitions
2. Substantial user involvement
3. Support from upper management
4. Thorough and detailed project plans
5. Realistic work schedules and milestones
NOTE “The technology is too complex”
is generally not a reason for project failure.
Projects fail most frequently because project management has failed.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
• Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of the particular project.
More than 16 million people employed by businesses regard their profession as project management
WHAT IS A PROJECT?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve a particular goal
A project must have a unique purposeA project must have a fixed lifespanA project requires resources, often from various
areasA project involves uncertainty
THE TRIPLE CONSTRAINT
Projects are said to be bound by a Triple Constraint of:
Time (When do we have to be done?) Resources (How much money do we have?) Scope (What do we need to accomplish?)
Whereby any changes to one of the factors will effect the outcome of the project.
CONSTRAINT MATRIXMost Medium Least
Scope x
Schedule x
Resources x
TIME
Managing:
TIME Why is time a constraint? Time is Money! How do we manage time?
TIME AS A CONSTRAINT
Project managers can use PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) and Gannt Charts to monitor and model the time constraints of a project.
GANTT CHART
TERMS Critical Path Slack
PERT CHART
TOOLS TO HELP Microsoft Project Open Workbench
PERT CHART EXAMPLE How do we create a peanut butter
sandwich
RESOURCES
Managing
FOOD FOR THOUGHT? What resources are constrained?
RESOURCES AS A CONSTRAINT
Project managers can perform a Cost/Benefit Analysis to determine whether or not a project is Economically Feasible.
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSISA Useful Formula:
Return-on-Investment =
(PV of Benefits – PV of Costs) ________________________________ PV of Costs
PV of Costs = Development costs + Total PV of Costs
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Another Useful Formula:
Find the last year that the PV of Net Benefits and Costs is negative.
Payback Period =
Year# + Cumulative NPV of Year_________________________________Cumulative NPV of Year + Cumulative NPV of Next
Year
SCOPE
Triple Constraint:
SCOPE Definition? What do we need to
accomplish How do you choose between
alternatives? How do you control this?
CHOOSING BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES
Criteria Question Scale Weight 1 2 3 4
Costs Will it increase costs 1-5 2 2.5 4 4.5 1.5Sales Will it lead to more sales? 1-5 1.9 3.5 2 5 4Costumer
Will it improve customer satisfaction
1-5 2.25 4 3 4.5
Total 39.6 38.4 39.65 34.6
IT WORKS FOR A LOT OF STUFF!
Criteria Question Scale Weight School 1 School 2 Arizona School 3
Industry Will I learn how to write grants well? 1-5 2 2.5 4 4.5 1.5Ranking What is the ranking of the school? 1-5 1.9 3.5 2 5 4Publishing Can I get publications? 1-5 2.2 5 4 3 4.5
Fit Do I fit in the culture, enjoy the program, find the research topic interesting?
1-5 1.74 5 3.5 2
Funding What is the funding in terms of stipends, conferences, computer, and cost of living?
1-5 1.52.5 3 2 5
Community Will Amy enjoy the community? 1-5 1.6 4 3 3.5 2Total 39.6 38.4 39.65 34.6
CONTROLLING SCOPE Refer to the Constraint Matrix Changes must be approved Who can request changes?