Clase 04 bio cel
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![Page 1: Clase 04 bio cel](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102323/53f626d18d7f728d418b4621/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Metabolismo celular.
Diego Iriarte León.Biología y Ciencias Naturales.
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Metabolismo celular.
Definición:son los procesos químicos que ocurren dentro de la célula para mantener la vida.
Acoplamiento Quimiosmótico.
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!"
Actividad enzimática.
Vías metabólicas
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En presencia de oxígeno.
Catabolismo.
Fermentación.
En ausencia de oxígeno.
Respiración celular.
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Glucolisis.
La célula transforma la glucosa en dos moléculas de piruvato o ácido pirúvico.
Se forman 2 NADH.
¿Cómo funciona el NADH?
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LE 9-6_3
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Glucose
Cytosol
ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Citric acid
cycle
ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport
and chemiosmosis
Electrons carried
via NADH
Electrons carried via NADH and
FADH2
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LE 9-8
Energy investment phase
Glucose
2 ATP used 2 ADP + 2 P
4 ADP + 4 P 4 ATP formed
2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+
Energy payoff phase
+ 2 H+ 2 NADH
2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
2 ATP
2 NADH + 2 H+
Glucose
4 ATP formed – 2 ATP used
2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+
Net
Glycolysis Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP ATP ATP
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LE 9-11 Pyruvate (from glycolysis, 2 molecules per glucose)
ATP ATP ATP
Glycolysis Oxidation phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle NAD+
NADH
+ H+
CO2
CoA
Acetyl CoA
CoA
CoA
Citric acid cycle CO2
2
3 NAD+
+ 3 H+
NADH 3
ATP
ADP + P i
FADH2
FAD
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LE 9-12_4
ATP ATP ATP
Glycolysis Oxidation phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
Citric acid
cycle
Citrate
Isocitrate
Oxaloacetate
Acetyl CoA
H2O
CO2
NAD+
NADH
+ H+
!-Ketoglutarate
CO2
NAD+
NADH
+ H+ Succinyl CoA
Succinate
GTP GDP
ADP
ATP
FAD
FADH2
P i
Fumarate
H2O
Malate
NAD+
NADH
+ H+
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LE 9-13
ATP ATP ATP
Glycolysis Oxidative
phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
Citric acid
cycle
NADH
50
FADH2
40 FMN
Fe•S
I FAD
Fe•S II
III Q
Fe•S
Cyt b
30
20
Cyt c
Cyt c1
Cyt a
Cyt a3
IV
10
0
Multiprotein complexes
Free
ene
rgy
(G) r
elat
ive
to O
2 (k
cal/m
ol)
H2O
O2 2 H+ + 1/2
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LE 9-14
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
ATP
MITOCHONDRAL MATRIX
ADP
+
P i
A rotor within the membrane spins as shown when H+ flows past it down the H+ gradient.
A stator anchored in the membrane holds the knob stationary.
A rod (or “stalk”) extending into the knob also spins, activating catalytic sites in the knob.
Three catalytic sites in the stationary knob join inorganic phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
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LE 9-15
Protein complex of electron carriers
H+
ATP ATP ATP
Glycolysis Oxidative
phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
Citric acid
cycle
H+
Q
III I
II
FAD FADH2
+ H+ NADH NAD+
(carrying electrons from food)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondrial matrix
Intermembrane space
H+
H+
Cyt c
IV
2H+ + 1/2 O2 H2O
ADP +
H+
ATP
ATP synthase
Electron transport chain Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+),
Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane
P i
Chemiosmosis ATP synthesis powered by the flow
of H+ back across the membrane
Oxidative phosphorylation
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LE 9-16
CYTOSOL Electron shuttles span membrane 2 NADH
or
2 FADH2
MITOCHONDRION
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport
and chemiosmosis
2 FADH2 2 NADH 6 NADH
Citric acid cycle
2 Acetyl CoA
2 NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose 2
Pyruvate
+ 2 ATP
by substrate-level phosphorylation
+ 2 ATP
by substrate-level phosphorylation
+ about 32 or 34 ATP
by oxidation phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons form NADH in cytosol
About 36 or 38 ATP Maximum per glucose:
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LE 9-17a
CO2
+ 2 H+ 2 NADH 2 NAD+
2 Acetaldehyde
2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P i
2 Pyruvate
2
2 Ethanol
Alcohol fermentation
Glucose Glycolysis
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LE 9-17b
CO2
+ 2 H+ 2 NADH 2 NAD+
2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P i
2 Pyruvate
2
2 Lactate
Lactic acid fermentation
Glucose Glycolysis
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LE 9-18
Pyruvate
Glucose
CYTOSOL
No O2 present Fermentation
Ethanol or
lactate
Acetyl CoA
MITOCHONDRION
O2 present Cellular respiration
Citric acid cycle
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LE 9-19
Citric acid
cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Proteins
NH3
Amino acids
Sugars
Carbohydrates
Glycolysis
Glucose
Glyceraldehyde-3- P
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Fatty acids
Glycerol
Fats
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