Cl O epi OH NH2 N NH2 Polyamide HO H - 2 H O heat O HN Cl...
Transcript of Cl O epi OH NH2 N NH2 Polyamide HO H - 2 H O heat O HN Cl...
Kymene Wet-strength ResinsA Legacy of Innovation
1950O
O HN
NH2 NH2NH
OH
O
O
HO
Polyamide
- 2 H2O+
DETAadipic acid
Heat
NH
HN
OHOHCl
OHClCl
ClO
O
O HN
Cl
OHO
O
NHN
OH
O
O
NHN
+
+1,3-DCP
AZE
heat
Polyamideepi
+Cl-
3-MCPD
NH
HN
HN
HN
ACH
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Ashland scientists perfect the synthesis of polyamido-amine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) technology, ushering in a new era of wet-strength capabilities.
KYMENE 557
Ashland introduces its newly developed product as Kymene 557.
Towel
Liquid
Facial
Carrier
Cup & Plate
Other
28%
16%
17%
8%
6%
24%
WET STRENGTH BY GRADE
Papers treated with the new resins remain strong even when wet.
DRY BREAKING STRENGTH
Kitchen towels made with Kymene have a wet breaking strength of 30 percent or greater of their dry breaking strength.
Kymene 557 is a huge commercial success. Today, PAE resins account for 90 percent of the wet-strength market. Of those, nearly half bear the Kymene brand name.
1.00%
0.10%
0.01%
G3
G2.5
G2
G1
1 10010 1000 10000
% A
OX
1,3-DCP ppm
OHOHCl+
OHClCl+
ClO
EPI3-MCPD
1,3-DCP
Manufacturing Kymene produces harmful byproducts, including 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD, as well as ACH andPB-CPD. Both 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP are considered hazardous substances and are possible human carcinogens. And all of the chlorine-containing byproducts, taken together, increase adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) levels in the effluent of paper mills.
Ashland researchers have developed several techniques to reduce the byproducts of Kymene synthesis, introducing market-leading technologies into each of the widely used industry descriptors of G1, G2, G2.5 and G3 PAE resins.
Ashland scientists continue to explore and refine the chemistry they invented back in the 1950s, with the goal of introducing the next generation of wet-strength resins.
WET BREAKING STRENGTH