Civil Society & Social Movements

8/19/2019 Civil Society & Social Movements

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Social Movements MatteEdited by Marco Giugni, Dou

McAdam and Charles Tilly

Civil Society & World PGro


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Chapter No. Presenter Name Chapter Name

Introduction Zain-ul-Abideen How Social Movements Matter: Past Research,Present Problems, Future Developments

1 Zain-ul-Abideen Social Movements and Public Policy

2 Saleem T. M. Alam

Making an mpact: !onceptual and Methodologicalmplications o" the !ollective #oods !riterion

3 Saman Shah $he mpact o" Social Movements and Politicalnstitutions: % !omparison o" the ntroduction o"Direct &egislation in Swit'erland and the (nitedStates


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Chapter No.

Presenter Name Chapter Name P

4 i!ar Muhammad Protest, Protesters, and Protest Policing:Public Discourses in taly and #ermany"rom )*+s to the )*-s

6

5 Sa#id I$bal Political Protest and nstitutional !hange:$he %nti./ietnam 0ar Movement and

%merican Science

"

6 A!i' (a#a $he 1iological mpact o" %ctivism

1


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Chapter No.

Presenter Name Chapter Name Page

7-10 Abdul Sattar)art II* +om,arative )er!,ective!

• Feminist Politics in a Hostile 2nvironment:

3bstacles 4 3pportunities

• How the !old 0ar 0as Really 0on: $he 2""ects

o" the %ntinuclear Movements o" the )*-s

• $he mpact o" environments in 0estern Societies

• 2thnic and !ivic !onceptions o" 5ationhood and

the Di""erential Success o" the 26treme Right in#ermany and taly

!onclusion 7From nteractions to 3utcomes in SocialMovements8

14-


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How Social Movements Matter: Past ResearPresent Prolems, !uture Develo"ments

#ashington March August $%, &'()

March on #ashington *or +os and !reedom-

"esult# $%e Civil "i%ts Act passed by Conress

.anned racial discri'ination in public (acilities avotin ri%ts


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Conse)uences o( Social *ove'ent

+'pacts o( t%e Civil ri%ts and Social 'ove'ents

Conceptual, t%eoretical, and E'pirical i'plications

Peace(ul and diverse 'asses

isruptive tactics sit-ins, violence and civil disobedienc

+nternal versus E/ternal E/planations i'portance o(oraniational ariables.


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Analyin Social *ove'ents

$%eoretical level# W%ic% aspects o( society can s'ove'ents 'odi(y and %o23

E'pirical level# W%at i'pact %ave conte'porary'ove'ents %ad in dierent countries3

Efectiveness and Success o SocialMovements

isruptive tactics Ga'son5s study. or *oderate

$a(t and "oss Study o( 6abor nion Con8ict 19


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Social *ove'ents and Public Po; Paul .urstein

Social *ove'ents and e'ocratic Politics

*ove'ents t%at c%allene national overn'ent

"ole o( t%e de'ocratic political process & Public

Social *ove'ent


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Direct /m"act o* /nterest0rgani1ations

+nterest oraniations sually =ail

Direct impact hypothesis:

$%e reater and 'ore persistent t%e 'a>ority (avoparticular policy, and t%e 'ore i'portant t%e issut%at 'a>ority, as perceived by leislators, t%e s'adirect i'pact o( interest oraniations on leislatiaction?


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S


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Social movement in reat /ritain

1%6&-2004


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TH2 MA/3 R2AS03S 0! S0C/A4M052M23T


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Invention! o' the !ocial movement!

)olitical !trule o' ohn ile!

)olitical cam,ain o' ,ublic The di''erent event! or !ituation! are becomin a cau!e o' inventio

movement!


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The cau!e o' invention! o' !ocial movemen

)ublic Alliance! * Main element o' !ocial movement

+ivil ar or rebelliou! activitie! 1640-16"2 (adical claim! in the name o' reliion 'iht

/eteen ,rote!tant and +atholic!

)rote!t violentl ithout ovt authoriation

Thi! e can !ee in the ca!e o' ohn 7ilie in

1% centur

78A+*orthine!!9unit9number!9commitment


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:eader!

:eader i! one ho turn ,ublic

Toard! a cau!e or !ocial Movement e. #ohn ilie.


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;conomic (ea!on! Social Movement

TA< * /riti!h ovt im,o!ed heav tax on T(A=;(S )8/:I+

)rote!ted e. !on! o' libert:ac o' ealth

>ih rate o' in'lation


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7ar and the element! o' !ocial movement

The ovt i! enae in ar9 % ear! ?1%56-1%63@

rance 8B had ar in hih !ea!9 A!ia and acro!! America. /ritain too man area! 'rom rance?+anda9India@

/oth hired ,eo,le a! a !oldier

/oth ere u!in economic re!ource! to e!tabli!h militar

To recou, ex,en!e! ,ut tax9 !tam, act!

)8/:I+ /8SI;SS +CMM8ITD (;;+T;= TA< A= STAM


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Plitical $ EC%N%&IC C%'E('


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our catch ord!

1. 7ar

2. )arliamentariation3. +a,italiation

4. ,roletraianiation


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T>AB DC8 E


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The Im,act o' Social

Movement! on )olitical

In!titution!* A +om,ari!on o' th

Introduction o' =irect :ei!latio

in Siterland and the 8nited

State!Presented by: Saman

Registration 5o9: ;


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The )aradimatic Shi't and It! rench

• In the ca!e o' direct democrac9 the !hi't

a! 'rom the old ,aradim to the ne,aradim.

Representative government to directlegislation by the people

• The oriin o' the ne ,aradim o bac tto !ucce!!ive con!titution! o' Therench (evolution.

#irondists 7Feb9 )=*>8 and Montagnards7?une )=*>8


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The e )aradim in Siterland

and 8S

• =emocratic movement in Siterland-

1&60

• )o,uli!t movement-1&&09 )rore!!ivemovement-20th centur in 8S


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The +ri!i!

• The !ocial movement are more liel to be !ucce!!'ul i

,eriod! o' cri!i! ?;conomic cri!i!@.• /oth 8S and Zurich 'ind the ,roblem in the re,re!entat

democrac.

• The lo!t the 'aith on them.

• /oth !ouht to overcome the de'iciencie! b the introdu

direct-democratic ,rocedure!.• The mobilied aain!t Fthe bo!!G9 Fthe moneG9 and Fco


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The condition! in hich =emocrat

Movement! et !ucce!!'ul

• ederali!m

• The lac o' in!titutionaliation o' the !tate• The divi!ion o' ,olitical elite


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Than ou


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Protest, Protesters, and protest policing:Public Discourses in Italy & Germany from

1960s to the 190s

!y: Donatella delta Porta

P"#$#%#" %'(#: %I$'" ()*'(('D

P"+G"'(: (P*I- . ID$/

ID: 1


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Public Discourse on protest and the effects of

social (o2ements

Social movements are crucial actors in the process of social and pol It is a major vector for the articulation of underrepresented political

Social movements propose a new conception of democracy where i

influence decision makers as more than electors.

In this article the author analyze a particular field in which social m

contributed to an enlargement of the conception of democracy: the pdiscourse on the protest and the policing of protest.

the main effects of social movements in the last few decades has be

in the shared conception of the legitimate ways to protest as well as

legitimate ways for the state to control protest.


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Protest is a political resource used by those who do not have direct policy making in order to mobilize influential public opinion.

use illegal forms of action (e.g. blockades and occupations!.

"he article focuses on the public discourse on protest protesters an

policing during the evolution of the left#libertarian movement famil

homogeneous movements that emerged in the $%&'s. protest started with symbolically innovative tactics and then shifted

actions that sometimes escalated in violent forms when mass mobi

declined the movements went back to more institutional forms of c

action while small groups resorted to more radical forms of action.


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)analyze the public discourses using one of the better#developed concepcultural approach to movements: that of frame.

)ccording to *offman ($%+,! frames are interpretative schemes that the

actors use in order to make sense of their world.

-rames can be distinguished according to their functions defining a pro

solutions providing motivations for action stating identities attributing "he author use four types of frames such as Protagonist antagonist diag

prognosis

"he first two frames set identities. )nd identities that range from collabo

conflictual.

"he other two frames refer to definition of problem and solutions.


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3rames

"he protagonist field definition refers to those individuals and collect

who are identified as protagonists in that they advocate or sympathize

movement values beliefs goals and practices or are the beneficiaries

movement action.

/onversely the antagonist field definition refers to persons and

collectivities who are seen as standing in opposition to the protagonist

efforts

"he 1iagnostic frames identify events or conditions as problematic an

need of amelioration and single out the culpable agents

prognostic frames that specify what should be done and by whom def

at the same time specific targets strategies and tactics.


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+2erall s4etch of the chapter

"o single out the evolution of metaframes on protest and protest po

2ecearch cover long historical period from $%&'s to$%%'s.

Involves cross national comparison ( Italy and *ermany!.

3oth countries offer mi4ture of similarities and differences.

$imilarities : In size degree of modernization political institutions

e4periences of authoritative regimes and strong social movements.

Differences: In party system the alternation of governmental coaliinstitutionalization of industrial relation

)ct of democratization process developed in both countries with a

timing.

"hird it analyzed protest and protest policing and focusing on one p

form of protest "he march.


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-ourth the debates is analyzes in two arenas that is the mass mediaand the parliament.

"he whole analysis are organized into three parts i.e a first a secon

and a third wave of protest and protest policing.

Si4 protest campaign of the left libertarian movements are analyzed

"he first escalation of students movement in the late $%&'s ( $%&+ i*ermany and $%&5 in Italy!.

) violent campaign of youth 6 autonomous7 movement ($%++ in

Italy and $%58 in *ermany!.

)nd 9iolent events involving residual autonomous groups in the la

$%5's


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Protest and protest Discourse ' summary

"he political discourse focused on the meta issue of democracy. Social movements polarized the political and social forces.

"hrough interactive process social movements stimulated a political

the conception of protest rights contributing to change in political cu

In the political discourse on protesters the control of protest and pro

Identities frames (both protagonist and antagonist frames! switched fones ( progressive versus conservative! to anichean ones ( good ve

then to pragmatic ones.

-or law and order coalitions demonstrators in the $%&'s were puppe

international menace ( e4ternal one in *ermany and Internal one in I

1uring second wave the political image faded away leaving space fo6 7


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In the third wave violent demonstrators became increasingly conceived as socia people.

-or civil rights coalitions the government and police in the second wave were en

lasting war. ;hile in the third these were simply unprepared to solve social probl

Polarization between the 6 good image of a large part of the demonstrators and 6

minority.

Peaceful protest was increasingly considered to be normal politics violent protes

In the diagnostic frames there is an evolution from a metaphor of political confli

war and then to metaphor of disease.

9iolent protest came to be seen as sort of war.


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In the prognostic frames these seems to be a shift from reforms andmilitary solution. )s for police tasks the emphasis shifted from law

to peacekeeping and from force to intelligence and specialization.

In both countries a shift from a formalistic view of democracy as th

majority to a more participatory conception of democracy.

;e conclude that the evolution movements families brought importin the frames that refer to demonstration rights.

)ccording to Snow and 3enford


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*'%5 +)7


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Political Protest and+nstitutional C%ane#

$%e Anti-ietna' War *ove'ent and A'erica

Science6elly Moore

Sa7id /8a9"resenter


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Conditions (or institutionDs c%ane

1? $%e e/istence o( disruptive c%allenes

disturbances. (or institutional 2orin!? +nstitutional vulnerability

F? *ediators--- si'ultaneous part o( bot% insand 'ove'ents

Protest and institutional


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Protest and institutionalvulnerability

uestion#

W%y science 2as vulnerable to t%ec%allenes by anti- ietna' 2aractivists in 190Ds and 170Ds3

1? rapid ro2t% in scientiHc oraniatio

!? +n(usion o( 'oney and 'e'bers

F? iused institution; lac o(centralied control over 'e'bers

4? 6in bet2een client and pro(essiona

I + tit ti lli it% t t lt d


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I? +nstitution alliance 2it% state; resultedin increased (undin and political po2e

WA$ CA@GES WE@ +@S$+$$+ect?'ediatorsas catalysts.

Science in post World War ++ A'eric


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Science in post World War ++ A'eric@e2 opportunities- ne2 vulnerabilit

iscovery o( ato'ic enery and 2eapon

+ncreased (undin to scientiHc researc% En%anced collaborations a'on science

state and universities

+n t%e190s,'ore people bean to

c%allene t%is arrane'ent, asin2%et%er or not t%e tie bet2een sciencet%e state, and universities 2as 'orallycorrect, de'ocratic, or in t%e @ationalinterest?

$% ti i t d i


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$%e anti- ietna' 2ar and scie

nited States %ad been involved in H%tin

nationalist ietna'ese (orces on be%al( o( 19I, President Ko%nson dra'atically incre

bo'bin


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et2een 19I and 170 on at leastEleven 'a>or collee ca'puses, 9'ilitary-supported researc% buildins an6aboratories 2ere sites o( anti 2ar

protest and 2ere associated 2it% so'e $%e 'ost dra'atic events o( t%e period

*ore enerally, protesters considered t%

2ar (oolis%, cruel, and stupid,perpetuated by aut%oritiesLincludinscientistsL2%o 2ere out o( touc% 2it%citiens

Conclusion


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Conclusion

+nnovative and disruptive action, and t%e u

allies 2%o can act as 'ediators to translateand to pressure institutional leadersLis 'oliely to lead to collective beneHts (or c%all


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The Biographical Impact oActivism

Doug McAdam

HOW SOIA!MO"EME#TS MATTE$

%lo& o Article


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%lo& o Article

iorap%ical conse)uences o( individual ac

roader 6i(e-Course i'pact o( 'ove'ent a "ando'ied national survey

Mey variables

Conclusion

Activism


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Activism Ta'ing action to efect social change

an occur in a numereous &a(s and invariet( o orms) Oten it is concerned*ho& to change the &orld* through socpolitical+ economic or environmental c

The Author Has


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The Author Has

Distinguished ,et&een t&o ver( difer

'inds o demographic efects o socialmovement activit(

%irst H biorap%ical conse)uences t%at appear to (ollo

sustained individual activis' Second (potentially more consequenti

H "ole o( 'ove'ents as sources o( areate-levc%ane in li(e-course patterns

The Biographical onse-uences o


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Individual Activism

$%e )uestion ased in SA ; W%ere are 190s radicals tod

+'ae o( (or'er 90s radical as opportunistic yuppie e/a'(or'er activists Kerry "ubin and Eldride Cleaver.

$%eir earlier radicalis' can be larely 2ritten o as a prodyout%(ul i''aturity and (addis%ness

@o 'ore t%an ! to 4 percent o( t%e eneration too an actany o( t%e 'ove'ents (ro' 'id to late 190s

=ollo2 up studies carried out to e/a'ine t%e i'pact o( 'ovparticipation by 'any sc%olars Kay e'erat%, Gerald *ar2*ic%ael Aien, Ka'es =endric%, Ment Kennins, "ic%ard @ie'@assi, Step%en Abra'o2it, Kac W%alen, and "ic%ard =lac

Methodological


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Shortcomings $i'ins o( researc%

S'all no o( sub>ects involved =ailure to 'ae use o( non activist control

Studies also lac Nbe(ore and a(terN data onactivists

Methodological


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Sub>ects in t%ese studies displayed a

'ared consistency in t%eir valuesand politics over t%e course o( t%eirbiorap%ies#- H continued to espouse le(tist political

attitudes

H re'ained active in conte'porary'ove'ents or ot%er (or's o( politicalactivity

H concentrated in teac%in or ot%erN%elpinO pro(essions

Shortcomings

Methodological


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All o this underscores the

central point o this surve(. thatintense and sustained activismshould ,e added to that airl(select list o ,ehaviorale/periences

Shortcomings

The Broader !ie0ourse Impact


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Movement Activit(

6i(e course t%eory, re(ers to an approac% developed in t%analyin people5s lives 2it%in structural, social, and cultconte/ts

Central oal

H to assess t%e relations%ip bet2een people5s political e/and orientationsN durin t%e 190s and 170s and t%esubse)uent li(e-course c%oices

H $%e period in )uestion 'ared by 2idespread politicalcultural turbulence and ro2in deviation (ro' t%e noconventions t%at %ad previously structured t%e li(e-cou

$andomi1ed #ationalSurve(


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Surve( "ando'ied national survey o( ?S?

residents born bet2een 14F and 194

!,!IF sub>ects identiHed y usual social-science standards,

receivin responses (ro' IF o( t%ose to2%o' )uestionnaires 2ere 'ailed is'arinally acceptable

!9?0 o( t%e sa'ple clai'ed to be liberaF!?: 'oderate, 41?! conservative

2e( "aria,les


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2e( "aria,les

ata enerated (ro' t%e )uestionnaire includ

detailed li(e-course %istories, various 'easursub>ects5 political e/periences and orientatiodurin (or'ative adolescent and youn adult

"espondents ased 2%et%er t%ey ever particNpolitical de'onstrationsN in connection 2it% H civil ri%ts

H opposition to t%e 2ar in ietna'

H t%e 2o'en5s 'ove'ent

2e( "aria,les


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Certain li(e-course outco'es as Ndeviations

previously Nnor'ativeN patterns desinated H @ect %as no c%ildren bioloical or

H Cect lived 2it% a se/ual partner b'arryin (or t%e Hrst ti'e

H @EE"WELsub>ect %as never been 'arried

2e( "aria,les

$esults


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$%ree types o( analysis# si'ple bivariateco'parison, loistic reression, and %aarate analysis

Steps or Testing H(pothesis


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g (

alculate descriptive

statistics

alculate an inerentialstatistic

%ind its pro,a,ilit(3 p value5

Based on p value+ accept

or re ect the null

p value


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p value $%e reason (or calculatin an in(erential statistic is to et a " value

probability.? $%e " value is t%e probability t%at t%e sa'ples are (ro'

t%e same population with regard to the de"endent variale outco't%e %ypot%esis 2e are testin is t%at t%e sa'ples roups. dier on

$%e " value is directly related to t%e null %ypot%esis

$%e " value deter'ines 2%et%er or not 2e re>ect t%e null %ypot%esisesti'ate 2%et%er or not 2e t%in t%e null %ypot%esis is true? $%e " vprovides an esti'ate o( %o2 o(ten 2e 2ould et t%e obtained result in (act t%e null %ypot%esis 2ere true

+( t%e " value is s'all, re>ect t%e null %ypot%esis and accept t%at t%etruly dierent 2it% reard to t%e outco'e

+( t%e " value is lare, accept t%e null %ypot%esis and conclude t%at treat'ent or t%e predictor variable %ad no eect on t%e outco'e

#ull H(pothesis


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#ull H(pothesis

In #ull H(pothesis 3H 75+ the resea

tries to disprove+ re6ect or nulli( The *null* oten reers to the comm

vie& o something+ &hile thealternative h(pothesis is &hat the

researcher reall( thin's is the caua phenomenon

onclusions


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=indins suest t2o i'portant i'plication

H %irst- Concerns 2it% speciHc set o( in8uencess%aped t%e restructurin o( t%e li(e-course 2e 2it% t%e baby-boo' co%orts

H Second- W%ile social 'ove'ent sc%olars %aveassu'ed t%e potency o( social 'ove'ents as v

o( social c%ane, rarely %ave t%ey sou%t to stlon-ter' eects syste'atically

onclusions


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So'e inds o( conse)uences accorded 'o

attention 2%ile ot%ers %ave received less ul o( 2or on 'ove'ent outco'es %as

(ocused on t%e political institutional i'pact%ave (ollo2ed (ro' 'ove'ent activity

6ess attention %as been paid to t%e 2ide raunintended social or cultural conse)uences

0

onclusions


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=ailed to provide any syste'atic e'pirical senseo( t%e processes t%at %ave s%aped t%e e'ereno( broader set o( li(e-course options, andespecially t%e role t%at t%e political and cultural'ove'ents o( t%e 190s appear to %ave playedin t%is process

Encouraed to pay 'ore attention not only to t%i'pact o( social 'ove'ents on t%e structure an

ti'in o( t%e li(e-course but also to t%e role o(li(e-course dyna'ics in s%apin bot% t%e onset oprotest cycles and t%e ebb and 8o2 o( individuaactivis'


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Than's


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Part-++Co'parative Perspectives

Abdul Sattar

7- =e'inist Politics in a ostile Environ'


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o( t%e Antinuclear *ove'ents o( t%e 1

- $%e +'pact o( environ'ents in WesSocieties


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Societies

10- Et%nic and Civic Conceptions o( @ation%ood anierential Success o( t%e E/tre'e "i%t in Ger'any


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y

Conclusion#=ro' +nteractions to


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Social *ove'ents


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