Civil Engineering Drawing - University of Asia Pacific. Chapter... · 2011. 11. 2. · CE 100:...
Transcript of Civil Engineering Drawing - University of Asia Pacific. Chapter... · 2011. 11. 2. · CE 100:...
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CE 100: CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING
PROJECTION
Shaika Sharkia Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
University of Asia Pacific (UAP), Dhaka
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CHAPTER – 3
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WHAT IS PROJECTION?
The figure or view formed by joining, in correct sequence, the points at
which these lines meet the plane is called the Projection of the object.
The lines or rays drawn from the
object to the plane are called
Projectors.
The transparent plane on which
the projections are drawn is known
as Plane of Projection.
Note: It is obvious that the outlines of the shadow arc the projections of an object.
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TYPES OF PROJECTION
Pictorial Projections
Perspective Projections
Isometric Projections
Oblique Projections
Orthographic Projections
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PICTORIAL PROJECTION
The Projection in which the description of the object is completely
understood in one view is known as Pictorial Projection.
The pictorial projections have the advantage of conveying an
immediate impression of the general shape and details of the object,
but no its true dimensions or sizes.
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PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
If any transparent plane
is introduced such that
the object is in between
the observer and the
plane. The image
obtained on the
plane/screen is as
shown. This is called
Perspective View of
the object.
Here straight lines (rays) are drawn from various points on the contour of the object to
meet the transparent plane, thus the object is said to be projected on that plane
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ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
“Iso” means „equal‟ and “metric projection” means „a
projection to a reduced measure‟.
An Isometric Projection is one type of pictorial projection
in which the three dimensions of a solid are not only
shown in one view, but also their dimension can be scaled
from this drawing.
30o 30o
Fig. Isometric Projection
l
w
h
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OBLIQUE PROJECTION
The word “oblique” means “slanting” There are three
axes-vertical, horizontal and oblique. The oblique axis,
called receding axis is drawn either at 30o or 45o. Thus an
oblique drawing can be drawn directly without resorting to
projection techniques
Fig. Oblique Projection
45o
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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
„Ortho‟ means „right-angle‟ and „Ortho-graphic‟ means
„right-angled drawing.‟
When the projections are perpendicular to the plane on
which the projection is obtained, it is known as
Orthographic Projection.
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Vertical Plane:
Extend the rays or
projectors further to
meet a Vertical
(Transparent) Plane
(V.P) located behind the
object. Join the points at
which the projectors
meet the plane, in
correct sequence. The
resulting view (Fv) is
called the Front View of
the object which is
shown in fig. (b)
Continue.. Orthographic Projection
Front view shown only two dimensions of the object i.e. Length (L) and Height (H). It
does not show the breadth (B). Thus one view or projection is insufficient for the
complete description of the object.
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Look at the object
from the top. The
projection of the top
surface T is TH. TH is
the Top View of the
object. Both T and TH
are of exactly the
same shape and size.
Thus TH gives the
Length (L) and
Breadth (B) of the
block but not the
Height (H).
Continue.. Orthographic Projection
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EXAMPLES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION
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LEFT VIEW
45o
Dd Cc
Aa Bb
DC AB
dc ab
AD BC
ad bc
A cube of 1.5" rests on one of its square faces on horizontal plane with
another square face being parallel to the vertical plane. Draw its Plan,
Front Elevation and Left-End View
1.5"
1.5"
1.5"
FRONT VIEW
TOP VIEW
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Dd
Aa
Cc
Bb
d a c b a b d c
30o 45o
Dd
Cc
Aa
Bb
A cube of 1.0" sides rests on one of its square faces in horizontal plane
with another square faces making an angle of 30o with the vertical plane.
Draw its Plan, Front Elevation and Left End View
TOP VIEW
LEFT VIEW FRONT VIEW
A B D C
1.0"
D A C B
1.0"
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½" ½"
An equilateral triangular prism of 1" sides and 3" height rests on one of
its rectangular faces on horizontal plane with its axis inclined at 30o to
vertical plane. Draw its Plan and Front Elevation
30o
C A
B b
c a FRONT VIEW
3"
B C A
a b c
B
A
C
b
c
a
3"
TOP VIEW
Cc Aa
Bb
1"
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An equilateral triangular prism of 1.5" sides and 2.5" height rests on one of
its edges in horizontal plane with its axis perpendicular to vertical plane
and one rectangular face making an angle of 30o with horizontal plane.
Draw its Plan, Front Elevation, Left view.
TOP VIEW
ABC
abc
AB C
c ab
Cc
30o Bb
Aa
B
C
A
c
b
a
LEFT VIEW
1.5"
FRONT VIEW
45o
2.5"
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AA′ BB′
E A D B C
A regular pentagonal prism of 1.5" sides and 2.5" heights rest on horizontal
plane with its axis perpendicular of vertical plane. Draw its Top view, Front
view and Right view.
TOP VIEW
2.5"
C′
B′ B
C
D D′
E′ A′ D′ B′ C′
DD′
CC′ EE′
1.5"
FRONT VIEW
45o
RIGHT VIEW
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a f b e c d
A hexagonal prism of 1" sides and 2" heights rests vertically on its base on
horizontal plane and its one edge of the base makes an angle of 75o with
vertical plane. Draw Pop view, Front view and Left view.
TOP VIEW
Ee
Dd
Cc
Bb
Aa
75o
Ff
B C A D F E
b c a d f e
2"
Ee
Cc
Dd
Bb
F
f
45o Aa
LEFT VIEW
A F B E C D
FRONT VIEW
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O
A square pyramid of base 2" sides and vertical height 2" rests vertically on
its base on horizontal plane with one edge of the base making an angle of
30o with the vertical plane. Draw its Pop view, Front view and Left view.
C D B A
C
D
O
B
A 45o 30o
B
C
D
A
TOP VIEW
O
2"
D C A B
O
LEFT VIEW FRONT VIEW
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B
F
B
B
60o GF
A
HE
DC
O
A cone of 1.5" base diameter and 2" vertical height rests on edge of its base
on horizontal plane with the base making an angle of 60o with horizontal
plane and its axis parallel to vertical plane. Draw its Plan & Front elevation.
H G
E
A
C
D
O
GF HE
DC A
2"
1.5"
F
C E
A
H
B
G
D
O
FRONT VIEW
TOP VIEW
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e
c
f
b
g
d
h
a
G
A cylinder of 1.5" diameter and 3" length rests on edge of its end on H.P
with the end making an angle of 30o with H.P and its axis parallel to V.P.
Draw its Plan and Front elevation.
TOP VIEW
2"
1.5"
Hh Gg
Ff Ee
Aa
Cc
Dd
Bb
a he dc gf b
A HE DC GF B
B
F
C
E
H
D
A
gf
dc
b
he
A HE
DC
GF
a
B
30o
FRONT VIEW
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Thank You