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Civics & Economics

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FOUNDATIONS OF

GOVERNMENT

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Notes Page

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Pre/Post Unit Assessment Pre Post Question 1) The __________ amendment extends the due process

protection to actions of each state. (CE.3b)

A. 10th B. 14th C. 17th D. 22nd

2) In order to amend the U.S. Constitution, _________ of the states have to approve the amendment. CE.2d

A. a majority B. 66% C. 51%

D. 75%

3) To _____ is the purpose of the government according to the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution which will protect our country from attack from other nations. CE.2c

A. provide defense B. form a union C. establish justice

D. ensure domestic peace 4) The Constitutional amendment process is a very challenging one.

To date, how many amendments have been added to the U.S. Constitution? CE.2d

A. 24 B. 25 C. 26

D. 27 5) “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are

created equal ……” In what document would you find this quote? CE.2b

A. Virginia Declaration of Rights B. Declaration of Independence C. Mayflower Compact

D. United States Constitution

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6) Formal amendments to the U.S. Constitution can be proposed by ________________________. CE.2d

A. conventions B. citizen petitions C. referendums

D. governors conferences 7) Which document was written by the English to help prevent the

King from abusing his powers over the common man? CE.2b A. Declaration of Independence B. Constitution of the United States of America C. Magna Carta D. Article of Confederation

8) After independence from England was declared in 1776, the independent states formed the first national government under the ___________________. CE.2b

A. U.S. Constitution B. Virginia Declaration of Rights C. Declaration of Independence

D. Articles of Confederation 9) A system of government in which people elect public

officeholders make laws and conduct government on their behalf is known as __________. CE.2a

A. Democracy B. Representative Government C. Limited Government D. Popular Soverignity

10) The document which fixed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation was the _____________. CE.2b

A. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom B. U.S. Constitution C. The Articles Repair Act of 1787 D. The 5th Amendment

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CE.2a Fundamental political principles define and shape American government.

• Consent of the governed – ______________________________ ___________________________________________________

“Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 “Our government has no power except that granted it by the people.” President Ronald Reagan – 1st Inaugural Address, January 1981

• Limited Government – government is _______________________.

Government can only do what the _____________ have given it the ________________________.

• Rule of Law – _________ and those who _________ are bound by

the law. No individual, president or private citizen is _____________________. (NO ONE is allowed to break the law!!!!)

“No man is above the law and no man is below it.” President Theodore Roosevelt – 26th President

“I deem one of the essential principles of our government… equal and exact justice to all men of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political.” Thomas Jefferson – 3rd President

• Democracy – _______________________

Characteristics of a democracy Individual liberty Majority rule with minority rights Free elections with secret ballots

• Representative government – people ______________________

to make laws and conduct ______________ on their behalf & to _________________________________________________.

The U.S. was the first representative democracy in the world. Its model was and is followed by other countries.

Five Fundamental Political Principles Practice

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Read each scenario below and decide which of the five fundamental principles of our government applies AND explain WHY you chose that principle. Each one is used only one time! CHOICES: Consent of the governed Limited government Rule of law Democracy Representative government

1. Senator  Larry  Jenkins  receives  a  speeding  ticket  on  his  way  home  from  a  concert  last  month.    He  has  to  pay  the  fine  or  go  to  court  to  fight  it.  Principle:_____________________________________________________    WHY:________________________________________________________  

2. Jane  and  John  hate  the  idea  of  a  new  factory  being  built  by  their  house.    Because  the  power  in  

our  government  comes  from  the  people,  they  take  their  issue  to  their  local  government  meeting  to  raise  their  concerns.    Everyone  else  on  their  street  feels  the  same  way,  so  the  factory  is  not  built.  Principle:_____________________________________________________    WHY:________________________________________________________  

3. The  board  of  supervisors  of  Stan’s  county  wants  to  build  a  road  through  his  property.    They  

must  prove  that  the  road  is  for  the  common  good  and  must  pay  Stan  for  his  property  before  building  the  road.    This  illustrates  the  concept  that  government  is  not  all  powerful.  Principle:_____________________________________________________    WHY:________________________________________________________  

4.  Mayor  Bob  of  Hill  City  is  running  for  reelection.    The  city  is  in  really  bad  shape.    The  streets  

are  horrible,  the  schools  are  doing  poorly,  and  there  is  a  lot  of  crime.    A  majority  of  the  city  votes  for  the  other  candidate  because  they  do  not  approve  of  the  way  that  Mayor  Bob  has  been  doing  his  job.  Principle:_____________________________________________________    WHY:________________________________________________________    

5. A  major  issue  in  Newtown  is  how  to  prevent  accidents  on  a  busy  road.      Ted  is  running  for  city  council  and  proposes  that  a  new  red  light  is  added  at  a  dangerous  intersection.    Mary  likes  this  idea  and  decides  to  vote  for  Ted  because  he  best  represents  her  perspective.  Principle:_____________________________________________________    WHY:________________________________________________________    

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Word Written Example(s) Illustration Consent of the

Governed Limited

Government Rule of Law

Democracy

Representative

Government

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CE.2b Significant Documents - American Constitutional government used ideas which were expressed in earlier documents Magna Carta (1215) Citizens of England guaranteed rights

• protection of ______________________ • protection from ______________________________ • access to _____________________________ • limitations on _____________________ (taxes) to the crown (king)

As settlers came to the colonies, they were under the protection of the British Government. Because this government was more than 3,000 miles away in England, there was some question as to how these new Colonies would be governed.

Charter of the Virginia Company of London (1607) Rights of Englishmen guaranteed to Virginia colonists, just like if they had lived in England

• _______________ was governed by this charter • Under this charter Jamestown set up the House of Burgesses -

__________________________________________ Colonies.

Seal of the Virginia Company of London

The Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason, 1776)

• Served as a model for the _________________________(first 10 Amendments). This was the first modern protection of individual rights for citizens of North America

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Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson, 1777) • freedom of ______________________ for all men • freedom of __________________ • religion was not to be ________________________

This allowed people the _______________________

“Be it enacted by General Assembly that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burdened in

his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or beliefs, but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of Religion.” Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson was deeply influenced by the writings of an

English philosopher named John Locke. Ideas of John Locke (Information from VA SOL – USI.6b)

• People have natural rights of ____________, ______________, and __________________

• Government is created to protect the __________ of people and has only that power which the people give it

• People have a duty to change a government that ______________________________________

Declaration of Independence – (written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776)

! Stated ____________ (complaints of unfair treatment) against the King of Great Britain

! The colonies declared __________ from Great Britain ! Affirmed “_______________________________” –

rights that can not be taken away. (Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness)

! Idea of __________ – all people are equal under the law

John Locke

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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE PROJECT “Breaking up with the British”

The Declaration of Independence is considered by many to be one of the most important documents in the United States and even the world. This was our official “break up” with Great Britain. Task: With a partner, write a “break up” statement to King George III of England. You may choose your method of presentation, but your statement MUST include the following:

• The  purpose  for  “breaking  up”  with  Great  Britain  • A  list  of  at  least  FIVE  grievances  (complaints)  against  the  king  • Identification  of  our  basic  natural  rights  as  citizens  (our  unalienable  rights)  

• Identification  of  the  idea  that  all  people  are  equal  under  the  law  • Conclusion  of  ideas  (final  resolution  to  declare  independence)  • Your  signatures    

Ideas for method of presentation: " Write  a  letter  " Write  a  rap/song  " Write  a  poem  " Write  an  “IM”,  email,  or  extended  text  message  conversation  

*The above are some suggestions. You may use other means if you wish. Final products should be neat and colorful and contain your names, date, and block number. YOU MUST ALSO INCLUDE A TITLE ON YOUR FINAL PRODUCT!

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We’re Independent, now what do we do? • The Declaration of Independence said that we were free from British

rule • It didn’t say how our government would be set up • We had to create a separate document to rule the country • We came up with the Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation ! _________________________________ for the U.S. ! Major power resided with the ____________________ ! Created weak central (federal) government

• NO POWER TO ____________ • NO POWER TO __________________________ • NO ______________ - NO ________________ • ___________ BRANCH ONLY • NO COMMON ________________

The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the_____________________. The writing of the United States Constitution corrected the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and ___________________________.

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The U.S. Constitution • Established ___________ of the U.S. government • _____________________________ under the law • ______________________ • Rights of the ___________________ protected • Affirmed individual __________ and ____________

of all people • ______________________ (1st 10 Amendments)

o Protected the fundamental freedoms of religion, assembly press, petition, and speech (RAPPS)

Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution

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CE.2c Goals & purposes of the U.S. government are stated in the______________________________________________________ Preamble (introduction to the Constitution) expresses the

___________________ the Constitution was written. Preamble begins, “______________________________________” Establishes that the power of the government comes

from the people. Purposes of the U.S. government

! To form a _______________________________________ (fixed the mistakes of the weak Articles of Confederation)

! To establish _______________ ! To ensure ___________________________________ ! To provide for the _________________________________ ! To promote the _________________________________ ! To preserve ___________________________________

The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States

We the ______________ of the _______________ _________________, in order

to form a ______________ _______________ _______________, establish

_________________, insure _________ ____________, provide for the

__________________ _______________, ________________ the general

_______________, and secure the ______________ of ___________ to

ourselves and our _____________________ do ordain and __________________

this ______________________ for the __________________

__________________ of __________________________.

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Complete the chart with your own words for each part of the Preamble. You may use text messaging language, slang, or any other form of school appropriate language. 1. We the people of the United States,

2. in order to form a more perfect Union,

3. establish justice,

4. insure domestic tranquility,

5. provide for the common defense,

6. promote the general welfare,

7. and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (future generations),

8. do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

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Constitution Writing Assignment How is the United States Constitution based on documents written during the colonial period? Be sure to include ALL documents that we have discussed this unit, and include specific details from each document that are present in the Constitution. _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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CE.2d Procedures for amending (changing) the U.S. Constitution & the Constitution of Virginia Amending the Constitution allows for _____________to be made to adapt to the changing times. The process of amending is outlined in each Constitution.

Process for amending the U.S. Constitution ! The amendment process is ____________ ! Only ______ amendments have been added so far ! _________________- action by Congress or convention ! _________________ (approval) by the states

(3/4 of the states must approve)(75%)

Process for amending the Virginia Constitution • Proposal – action by the ____________

______________ or a convention • Ratification – by a ___________________ of the

voters of Virginia *Think about it like a wedding: First the person proposes, then the other person says yes or no (ratification)*

Important Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Amendment # Provisions of the Amendment

1 5 basic individual freedoms (RAPPS) religion, assembly, petition, Press, speech

5 Due Process protection to all citizens – provides fair treatment by the National government – “right to keep silent”

10 Powers not specifically given to the National government are reserved to the state governments (Federalism Amendment)

14 Due Process protection to all citizens – provides for fair treatment by the state governments to all citizens

16 Establishes a national income tax for all citizens

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CE.3b The U.S. Constitution establishes and protects the fundamental rights and liberties of citizens First Amendment freedoms (RAPPS) • ____________ – government cannot interfere with the

free exercise of religion or establish an “official” religion • ___________ – people gathered peacefully to discuss a problem • __________ – right to publish information – including information that

criticizes the government • _________________ – making views known to public officials in writing • ___________– people are free to express opinions and beliefs

1st Amendment Freedom

Picture of 1st Amendment Freedom

Religion

Assembly

Press

Petition

Speech

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CE.9d- DUE PROCESS protections are outlined in the 5th and the 14th amendments to ensure justice for all citizens

Due Process of Law • The constitutional protection against ___________ laws and

actions by the government (equal treatment) • Government may not take our _________, ______________,

or _____________________ without exercising the proper procedures under the law

U.S. Supreme Court has established that DUE PROCESS is to protect the rights of a citizen guaranteed by the _____________________ Due process protections (guarantees rights of citizens which are in the Bill of Rights & other amendments to the U.S. Constitution)

! 5th Amendment – _________________ government cannot act unfairly to citizens – protects citizens from testifying against themselves

! 14th Amendment – ____________ and local governments cannot act unfairly to their citizens (guarantees rights of citizenship) (equal treatment of citizens)

Pick an Amendment: Matching-­‐  First  Amendment  freedoms    a. _____ religion 1) Individuals may peacefully gather. b. _____ speech 2) Government may not establish official religion. c. _____ press 3) Individuals may make views known to public

officials. d. _____ assembly 4) Individuals may express beliefs and opinions. e. _____ petition 5) Media can gather and print info & government

criticisms.

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Example of Due Process Political Cartoon

The cartoonist has pictured former Vice President Dick Cheney with a smoking shotgun and shotgun holes in the U.S. Constitution. The smoke from

the shotgun says DOMESTIC SPYING (spying on American citizens). President Bush and VP Cheney were accused of invading the privacy of

American citizens while looking for terrorists in the U.S. In your opinion, is this an appropriate measure by the U.S. Federal

Government to insure domestic tranquility at the expense of U.S. citizens’ rights?

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Terms to Know Term Definition Sentence

Adapt

Amendment

Assembly

Charter

Citizen

Domestic

Due Process

Ensure

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Fundamental

Grievance

Legislature

Majority

Minority

Petition

Preamble

Principles

Ratification

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Ratify

Representative

Unalienable

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Unit Study Guide Questions 1. List the 5 fundamental principles of government and define each. CE 2a 2. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and identify the document that fixed those mistakes. This is a 2 part question!! CE.2b Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. This document fixed the mistakes of the Articles of Confederation: ____________________________ 3. Of the major purposes of the U.S. Constitution found in the Preamble, list the four (4) you think are the most important and explain why you chose those four (4). CE.2c 1. 2. 3. 4.

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4. How many amendments to the U.S. Constitution have there been so far? Which amendment protects you and your classmates from mistreatment by the Virginia government? CE.2d 5. What is the two-step process for amending the Constitution of the United States? CE.2d a. b. 6. What percentage of states must ratify any amendment to the U.S. Constitution? CE.2d 7. How does the process for amending the Virginia Constitution differ from the process for amending the U.S. Constitution? CE.2d 8. List the five fundamental freedoms in the First Amendment. CE.3b 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9. Where does government get its power? CE.2a, 2c

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10. John Locke called for all citizens of a government to enjoy the rights of “life, liberty, and property.” CE.2b

• Identify the American document that uses the ideas of John Locke as a model __________________________

• Identify the author of the American document _________________

11. In a Democracy, what is the source of the government’s power? CE.2a A. The Bill of Rights B. The President of the United States C. The U.S. Constitution D. The people 12. TRUE or FALSE Under Rule of Law, a fundamental political principle, a Virginia Senator could be given a ticket for littering and made to pay a fine. CE.2a 13. A good example of Representative Government is: CE.2a A. A Elkton Town Police officer B. The elected Rockingham County Board of Supervisors C. Coach Jones, Rockingham County football coach D. Our principal 14. Which of the following documents was the model for our Bill of Rights, the first 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution? CE.2b A. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom B. The Articles of Confederation C. The Virginia Declaration of Rights D. The Charter of the Virginia Company of London

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15. Which of the following documents set up the first representative government in the English colony of Jamestown (the American colonies)? CE.2b A. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom B. The Articles of Confederation C. The Virginia Declaration of Rights D. The Charter of the Virginia Company of London 16. Which of the following documents called for the right to choose and follow any religion? CE.2b A. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom B. The Articles of Confederation C. The Virginia Declaration of Rights D. The Charter of the Virginia Company of London 17. TRUE or FALSE The Declaration of Independence could be characterized as a list of complaints against the English King George III. CE.2b 18. Which of the following documents guarantees the individual worth of people and protects the rights of even the minority? CE.2b A. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom B. The Declaration of Independence C. The Virginia Declaration of Rights D. The Constitution of the United States 19. Which of the following phrases are from the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution? CE.2c A. “…that this government of the people, for the people…” B. “…ask not what your country can do for you…” C. “…to provide for the common defense…” D. “…the Constitution does not grant rights, it recognizes them”

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20. TRUE or FALSE The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the rights of life, liberty, and property promised by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence CE.2c 21. The U.S. Constitution can be amended by ____________________. CE.2d A. a majority vote of the 50 states B. the President of the United States C. a 66% vote of the 50 states D. a 75% vote of the 50 states 22. Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the freedom of religion? CE.3b A. 1 B. 14 C. 5 D. 2 23. Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that citizens of the United States will be treated fairly by the state in which they reside? CE.3b A. 1 B. 14 C. 5 D. 2 24. The term “Due Process” refers to ___________________. CE.9d

A. the correct method of manufacturing a product in a manufacturing plant B. the way a bill moves through the U.S. Congress C. protection against unfair governmental treatment D. the credit card billing cycle of one payment per month

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25. The Charter of the Virginia Company issued by King James called for _________. CE.2b

A. the colony of Jamestown to hold yearly elections B. the men of the colony of Jamestown to have only one wife C. the colony of Jamestown to send 75% of all crops raised back to England for the King D. the men of the colony of Jamestown to be treated as Englishmen with all the rights and privileges

26. The Maga Carta guaranteed all the following EXCEPT: CE.2d A. church rights B. protection from illegal imprisonment C. limitation on feudal payments D. voting rights

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Notes

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Pre Post Question 1) For voters in Virginia, you must be registered _____ days

before the election. CE.5e A. 17 B. 22 C. 27 D. 30

2) Define themselves in a way to win a majority vote Influence public policies These characteristics listed above are of what? CE.5b

A. Third Parties B. Political Parties C. President D. Governor

3) What of the following is not an example of a responsibility of a United States citizen? CE.3d

A. Register to vote B. Serve on jury duty C. Participate in political campaigns D. Serve in a voluntary government position

4) In Virginia, a citizen may register to vote in all of the

following ways except: CE.5e A. At the registrar’s office B. By mail in application C. At the Division of Motor Vehicles D. At the poll on election day

5) All of the following are factors in predicting which

citizens will vote EXCEPT: CE.5e A. Education B. Gender C. Age D. Income

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6) How are the numbers of electors for each state determined? CE.5f

A. Number of members in the U.S. Congress B. Number of members in the senate only C. Number of members in the House of

Representatives only D. Number of members in the Virginia General

Assembly

7) Limits have now been placed on how much an individual can give to a particular candidate. This is called: CE.5d

A. Campaign Contributions B. Campaign Finance Reform C. Campaign Contribution Reform D. No over spending

8) Political Parties do all of the following except: CE.5a A. Nominate candidates B. Raise money for campaigns C. Monitor office holders D. Count the electoral vote

9) Mail propaganda, television ads, and phone calls during elections are Political Parties way of: CE:5a

A. Recruiting candidates B. Monitoring actions of office holders C. Educating the Electorate D. Voting

10) In order to win elections political parties: CE.5b

A. Appeal to the political center. B. Take the same position on issues as their

opponents. C. Avoid all propaganda techniques. D. Try to attract only liberal voters.

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CITIZENSHIP CE.3a Citizen – an individual with certain ______________________ under a government who, by birth or by choice, owes ________________ to that government

_______________________- to the Constitution – guarantees the rights of citizens and fair treatment by______________________

“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”

Ways to obtain citizenship ! ____________ ! _____________________

To become a citizen through naturalization a person must demonstrate knowledge of American history and government and have the ability to read, speak and write in English.

“The first requisite of a good citizen in this republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his own weight.” Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President

“The most important political office is that of the private citizen.” Louis Brandies, U.S. Supreme Court Justice

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Immigration and naturalization during the 20th century led to an increasingly ____________ (different and varied) society.

Immigration to the U.S. from 1970 to 1990

Origin of Immigrants to the US Number of Immigrants Asia 4,451,000

Central & South America 1,330,000 Mexico 2,290,000

Caribbean Islands 1,653,000 Africa 284,000 Europe 1,507,000 Canada 234,000

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List and describe 5 things that the U.S. has gained culturally due to the diversity in our nation. Give detailed examples and describe how each one, in your own opinion, has had a positive or negative effect on our society as a whole. Is our nation better due to this diversity? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

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Civic Duties & Social Responsibilities CE.3c For government to be effective, citizens must fulfill their civic duties (required by law) All citizens must

! _____________ ! _____________ ! _________________________________________ ! ________________________________________

______________________________________ Citizens who do not fulfill their duties face legal consequences.

CE.3d Basic Responsibilities of citizens – contribute to the common good of the nation and their community (voluntary) Civic responsibilities are fulfilled by choice; they are voluntary.

! __________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________ ! __________________________________________________

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Communicating With Government Officials The “Tebow” Law is being entertained for approval in the Virginia General Assembly. This law will allow home-schooled students to participate in all extra-curricular public school activities including sports. These students do not have to be enrolled in a public school, but must live in the school district. Write a letter to a state representative voicing your opinion on whether or not this law should be passed in the state of Virginia. http://vahomeschoolers.org/protecting-homeschooling/issues/sports-access/ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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CE.3e A Democratic Society (U.S.) requires the active participation of its citizens Ways for citizens to participate in community service

! _____________ to support democratic institutions (example: League of Women Voters)

! Express concern about the _____________________________ (environment, health, safety, education, etc.)

! Help to make the community a __________________________ to live (by becoming involved with public service organizations, tutoring, hospitals, nursing homes, etc.)

Politics and Voting CE.5a Political parties play a key role in government & provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process

Functions of political parties are: ! ___________________ and ____________________

candidates ! Educating the ____________________ (voters) about

campaign issues ! Helping candidates ____________________________ ! Monitoring _______________ of officeholders

Examples of Campaign Buttons from Presidential elections

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Political Ideology Directions: On each blank, write A if you agree or D if you disagree. _____ 1. The government should encourage prayer in public schools. _____ 2. The federal government should regulate businesses to preserve the environment for

future generations. _____ 3. The federal government should not be responsible for paying for programs such as

welfare and Medicare. _____ 4. The federal government should provide funds to improve public schools and make

college possible for more young adults. _____ 5. The government should require welfare recipients to go to work. _____ 6. The government should decrease taxes, allowing individuals to spend more of their

income in ways they choose. _____ 7. The federal government should require all citizens to put safety locks on their

handguns. _____ 8. The government should provide access to medical care for all citizens. _____ 9. The government should restrict immigration and increase penalties on illegal

immigrants. _____ 10. The government should not increase spending for the military. _____ 11. The courts should be tougher on criminals. _____ 12. The federal government should guarantee employment for all citizens who want to

work. _____ 13. The federal government should take any steps necessary to eliminate discrimination. _____ 14. The government should encourage citizens to return to the traditional values of hard

work, self-discipline, and belief in God. _____ 15. The government should provide insurance against catastrophic illness. _____ 16. The government should protect individuals against discrimination in the work place,

higher education, and marriage. _____ 17. The government should censor or restrict films and publications it considers

inappropriate. _____ 18. The government should not get involved in setting academic standards for local public

school districts. _____ 19. The government should not restrict the sale and possession of firearms. _____ 20. The government should help decrease the crime rate by providing more social

services to those in need. Liberal Moderate Conservative

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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CE.5b Similarities and differences of political parties & THIRD PARTIES – the two-party system characterizes the American political process

Similarities of political parties:

▪ They are organized to ____________________________ ▪ They influence _______________________________ ▪ They reflect both _______________ and _______________

views ▪ They define themselves in a way that wins majority support by

appealing to the __________________________

______________________ - an attempt by government to address a public issues. The government, whether it is local (Rockingham County), state (Virginia), or federal (the United States), develops public policy in terms of laws, regulations, decisions, and actions to handle issues or problems like the economy, employment, taxes, healthcare, education, etc.

This is a political cartoon. What characters are represented in this

cartoon? How does this cartoon address the idea that political parties are similar?

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Differences of political parties are stated in their________________ and reflected in ____________________

• Platform lists the ideology of a political party and its candidate on the “issues”

• ________________ – beliefs of the party. Beliefs are reflected in the political campaign of the party

Third parties:

• Organized to introduce ____________________ and/or press for a particular issues

o (TEA Party – Taxed Enough Already) o (Green Party – the environment)

• Third parties ______________ win elections • May _____________ the outcome of an election • Often revolve around a _________________________

o Example: Theodore Roosevelt – o “Bull Moose Party” of 1912

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CE.5c Analyzing Political Campaigns & the Role of the Media in politics Voters ________________ information presented in political campaigns to make reasoned choices among candidates. Citizens use the Media to evaluate campaign speeches, campaign literature, and campaign advertisements for accuracy by:

! Separating ________ from ____________ ! Detecting ___________ ! Evaluating ______________ ! Identify __________________

Mass Media (TV, radio, newspapers, Internet Websites)

o role in the political process to help keep citizens informed and help voters to make responsible, informed choices

! Identify ___________________ ! Emphasize _________________ ! Write _____________________ ! Create ________________________________ ! Publish ___________ pieces ! Broadcast different _________________________

.10a Impact of media on public opinion and public policy (issues)

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o The media informs _____________________ and _____________

public policy

o Government officials use the media to communicate with the public (speeches, debates, press conferences, town meetings, etc.)

Media plays an important role in influencing the public agenda (issues which the people think are important)

! Media will focus public attention on “_____________” issues

! Media will offer a forum (discussion) in which opposing viewpoints are _____________________________ (newspapers, televised debates, town meetings, etc.)

! Media helps to hold government officials ____________ to the public for what they say and do

This is a political cartoon designed to make us think about a particular issue. Can you identify the issue? What do the characters in the cartoon

represent? What is the cartoonist trying to tell the American public about the issue?

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CE.5d Election campaign costs and contributions

o Running for elected office is_________________ Rising Campaign Costs • require candidates to conduct _______________________________

activities • limit_____________________ to run for public office • give an advantage to _________________________ who run for office • give issue-oriented __________________________ increased influence • encourage the development of ________________________________

- issue-oriented special interest groups called PACs • EXAMPLES: Teachers (VEA), farmers (National Farmers

Union), labor unions (Teamsters) • PACs provide money for the politicians election campaigns • Way for an individual to ________________________ to a

candidate

CE.5d

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Campaign finance reform: • Rising campaign costs have led to efforts to

_________________________________________ • Limits have been placed on the amount individuals may

________________ to political candidates and campaigns • Most political candidates do not want ____________ • They are afraid they won’t get the money they need to run

their __________________ and get elected

CE.10b Individuals and interest groups influence public policy Lobbying – seeking to influence legislators to ______________________ or ________________________ Ways individuals influence public policy (course of action by the government)

▪ Participate in__________ (voting, campaigning, running for office) ▪ Express ____________ (lobbying, writing letters, demonstrating) ▪ Joining interest groups (PACs)

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CE. 9b (continued)

Ways special interest groups (PACs) influence public policy ▪ Identifying ______________ they think are important ▪ Making political ____________________ to candidates ▪ Lobbying _________________ for their vote on an issue

CE.5e Voter registration and participation - Voting is a basic _______________________ of citizenship Every vote is important.

Only citizens who ________________ can participate in primary elections and in general elections

History of Voting Registration in the United States of America • In the early 19th century registration began as an attempt to keep

__________________ from voting • ________________ – prohibits the government from denying a

citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

• __________________ – guaranteed women’s suffrage (right to vote • ____________________________ – prohibits racial discrimination

in voting

Qualifications to register and vote in Virginia:

! _____________________________________________ ! _____________________________________________ ! _____________________________________________

How to register to vote in Virginia

• In person at the registrar’s office, at the Divison of Motor Vechicles (DMV), or by mail

• Voter registration ____________________ before an election

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CE.5e Voter participation – number of voters is related to how important the election or the issues are to citizens.

Presidential elections: __________________________ than in state or local elections Factors for lack of voter turnout (why citizens fail to vote)

1)______________________, 2)_____________________ Factors in predicting which citizens will vote:

1) _______________ 2) ________3) _________________

CE.5f Electoral College – process used to select the ________________ and _____________________ of the United States.

Electoral College Process:

• Slate of electors for each state is chosen by________________ (chosen by a majority of a states votes)

• Most states have a __________________________________ • Number of electors per state based on states _______________

__________________ (House + Senate), which is based on the state’s population

• Electors meet to vote for President and Vice President after the November _______________________________

• There are _______ votes in the Electoral College (________ votes needed to win!!)

• Favors the _____-______ system

***System leads to targeting of larger states for most of the campaigning, although less populated states are still important in tight elections***

Some candidates will not personally campaign in smaller states

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CE.5f (continued)

Most of the time, the vote in the Electoral College will match the popular

votes in the General Election. However, there have been elections where the two were very different.

Examine the pictures of the results of the 2004 election (Bush Vs Kerry) and compare them to the results of the 2008 election (McCain Vs Obama). Answer the questions that follow… 2004 - Bush / Kerry

2008 – McCain / Obama

1. How did the results differ between the 2004 & 2008 election? _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which states changed between the 2004 & 2008 election? __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What voting pattern do you see in common between the 2004 & 2008 election? _________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Bush (R) - 286 *Kerry (D) - 251 *Obama (D) – 365 *McCain (R) -173

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General Questions: 1. How is it possible that a candidate can win the popular vote but lose an election? _______________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How many Electoral College votes are there possible, and what is this number made up of? ________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How many Electoral College votes does a candidate need to be declared the winner of the election? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the difference between how the presidential election works and a general election such as the gubernatorial election? _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Terms to Know

Terms Definition Sentence

Alien

Allegiance

Appoint

Bias

Campaign

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Candidate

Citizen

Citizenship

Diverse

Duty

Editorials

Elective

Electorate

Electors

Evaluate

Forum

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General Election

Ideology

Immigrant

Lobby

Media

Naturalized

Nominate

Op-Ed

Platform

Political Cartoon

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Political Party

Propaganda

Public Policy

Recruit

Reside

Responsibility

Turnout

Volunteer

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Unit Study Guide Questions 1. Define “citizen” and explain in a complete sentence how the 14th Amendment protects citizens of the United States. CE.3a 2. According to the map and chart in the citizenship seciton, the United States received immigrants from 7 different areas of the world. Which area is responsible of the majority of immigrants and which area has the smallest number of immigrants during 1970 to 1990? 2 part question !!! CE.3a 3. Using the same map and chart, which ethnic group has the largest number of immigrants: Asians or Hispanics? What is the total number of immigrants to the U.S. during the period of 1970 to 1990? 2 part question CE.3a 4. List the 4 duties of a citizen. CE.3c

a. b. c. d.

5. Explain the differences between a duty of a citizen and a responsibility of a citizen. CE.3c, d

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6. List three ways a citizen might demonstrate responsible citizenship in their community. CE.3e

a. b. c.

7. List the four functions of a political party. CE.5a

a. b. c. d.

8. In order to win an election a candidate must get a majority of the votes. What must the political party and the candidate do to get the support of a majority of the people? CE.5b 9. Define “ideology.” CE.5b 10. Where would voters find the ideology of a political party and its candidate? CE.5b 11. Define “public policy.” CE.5a

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12. List the various roles the mass media plays in the political process. CE.5c a. b. c. d. e. f.

13. As prices in our country rise the cost of running a political campaign is becoming more expensive. Because of that fact which group of people is able to handle the high cost of a political campaign? CE.5d 14. List the three qualifications to register and vote in Virginia. CE.5e

a. b. c.

15. Identify the factors which influence voters to turnout? CE.5e 16. What are the total votes in the Electoral College and how many votes does a candidate need in order to win? CE.5f Total_____ To win______

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17. PACs help candidates pay for the high cost of a campaign. What do you think PACs expect in return from the candidate for the funds they donate to the candidate’s campaign? CE.5d & 9b 18. How can students under the age of 18 participate in the political process? CE.5g 19. Define “lobbying.” CE.9b 20. Identify three (3) ways to lobby our government officials to let them know how we feel about certain issues and policies. CE.9b 21.TRUE or FALSE Persons born in the U.S. have to take a test on American history and government in order to become an American citizen. CE3a 22. According to the 14th Amendment there are two ways to become a citizen of the United States, birth or ___________________. CE.3a

A. buying a citizen certificate for $1000.00 B. a letter from your U.S. Congressman C. naturalization D. having 100 people sign a petition

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23. The 14th Amendment guarantees citizens that they will be protected from ___________________. CE.3a

A. unfair treatment by the National government B. unfair treatment by the President of the United States C. unfair treatment by the mayor D. unfair treatment by the state government

24. Which state is probably NOT one of the major destination states for immigrants to the United States. CE.3a

A. California B. Alaska C. Florida D. New York

25. Which of the following is NOT a duty of a citizen of the United States? CE.3c

A. going the speed limit B. registering to vote C. paying the sales tax at Wal-Mart on a new CD D. stopping at the red-light in front of Sheetz

26. TRUE or FALSE A responsibility of an American citizen is to help out other citizens by contributing to local charities. CE.3d 27. DUTY or RESPONSIBILITY Going to court and appearing as a witness about a traffic accident when called. CE.3c; 3d 28. DUTY or RESPONSIBILITY Reading the newspaper to find out about which political candidate supports the death penalty. CE.3c; 3d 29. DUTY or RESPONSIBILITY Hunting deer and squirrel only during the proper season. CE.3c; 3d

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30. Making Rockingham County a better place to live is something all citizens should volunteer to do. Which of the following is a good example of a citizen who is active in their community? CE.3e

A. recycling plastic and aluminum B. tutoring a student in Social Studies C. reading to the elderly at Trinity Nursing Home D. all of the above

31. Which of the following is NOT a major function of political parties? CE.5a

A. nominating candidates B. educating voters on issues C. working the polls on Election Day D. campaigning for candidates to help win election

32. TRUE or FALSE Buttons, bumper stickers, and posters are ways political parties help a candidate campaign for public office and educate the voters about who the candidate is and what each candidate stands for. CE.5a 33. TRUE or FALSE Sometimes a candidate for public office will be both liberal and conservative in order to get a majority of voters to vote for him/her. CE.5b 34. The American political process is seen as a ____________ system. CE.5b

A. bicameral-party B. two-party C. Republican party D. birthday party

35. TRUE or FALSE There are no similarities between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, only differences. CE.5b

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36. A party platform is ____________________. CE.5b

A. a stage from which the candidates speak B. the ideology of a party and a candidate from that party C. the wedge in a candidate’s shoe that makes him look taller D. the running board on the side of a candidate’s bus

37. TRUE or FALSE Third parties never influence the outcome of an election. They just spend money and waste their time trying to get their candidate and his issues noticed. CE.5b 38. The media plays a significant role in the election process by ______________. CE.5c

A. telling us which candidate is the best B. showing the point of view they think is the most important C. creating political cartoons about the issues D. publishing only one party’s point of view

39. TRUE or FALSE It is important to keep voters informed and to help them make responsible choices. That is the job of the media CE.5c 40. As prices rise on everything, the cost of running a political campaign is getting more and more expensive. This fact means that the rich are the ones who can afford to run for President. Anyone else who wants to run for President needs to have people donate money to their campaign to help pay for ads and transportation. Which of the following are ways people can contribute to a Presidential campaign? CE.5d

A. join a PAC B. write a check to a person’s favorite candidate C. attend a $1,000 a plate dinner for a candidate D. all of the above

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41. Which political party is in favor of campaign finance reform? CE.5d A. Republicans B. Democrats C. Both Republicans and Democrats D. Neither Republicans nor Democrats

42. Which of the following are qualifications to register to vote in Rockingham County for the School Board? CE.5e

A. Citizen of the U.S., 18 years old, male B. 18 years old, drivers license, resident of VA C. Resident of VA and voting precinct, 18 years old, citizen of U.S. D. Resident of VA, graduate of a Rockingham County school

43. In which election do most people vote? CE.5e

A. Senatorial B. Mayoral C. Presidential D. Gubernatorial

44. Based on voter trends, which income level had a higher voter turnout in 1992 when Bill Clinton ran for President against George Bush? CE.5e

A. Under $10,000 B. $20,000 to 24,999 C. $25,000 to 49,999 D. $50,000 and over

45. How many votes are there in the Electoral College and how many votes does it take to win? CE.5f

A. 538 and 271 B. 538 and 270 C. 539 and 271 D. 539 and 270

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46. The number of Electoral College electors in a state is determined by the __________ of the state. CE.5f

A. amount of the biennial budget B. number of congressional representatives C. number of high schools and colleges D. the Governor

47. The Electoral College is referred to as a “winner take all” system. This means __________________ CE.5f

A. the winning candidate gets all the money B. the winning candidate gets all the electoral votes C. the winning candidate gets a trophy and a check D. the winning candidate becomes rich and famous and gets to be on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno

48. TRUE or FALSE Because the Electoral College has different numbers of electors in each state, sometimes candidates will campaign in the larger states and skip over the small, less significant states. CE.5f 49. Which of the following are ways the President of the U.S. use the media to keep the public informed of what he/she is doing and what important issues face us as U.S. citizens? CE.7c

A. State of the Union address (speech) on TV channels B. Interviews by Scott Pelley (CBS) and Brian Williams (NBC) C. White House press conferences with newspaper reporters D. All of the above

50. Lobbying can be defined as ____________________. CE.7d

A. standing around in the rotunda of the U.S. Capital B. spooning with your sweetheart C. asking your girlfriend’s dad if you can go out with his daughter D. trying to influence legislators to vote for or against a bill you think is important

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51. What can a citizen do to ensure a defendant gets a fair trial in Virginia? CE.3b A. serve on a jury if called B. pay taxes so the judge gets a good salary C. run for office and impeach both lawyers D. have a bake sale to raise money for the accused’s legal fees

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THREE BRANCHES

“OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, AND FOR THE PEOPLE”

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Notes

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Pre/Post Assessment Pre Post Question 1) Declaring laws unconstitutional is the check that the: CE.6b

A. Executive branch has over the Judicial and Legislative. B. Legislative branch over the Judicial and Executive C. Judicial branch over the Legislative and Executive D. Judicial branch over the Executive only

2) Calling a special session of Congress is an example of a check by the Executive Branch over the: CE.6b

A. Legislative Branch B. Judicial Branch C. President

D. Supreme Court

3) The Branches of Government are limited in their powers by: CE.6b

A. Checks and Balances B. Popular sovereignty C. Writ of habeas corpus

D. Right of appeal

4) In our federal system of government: CE.6a A. The national government is supreme B. The state government has the final say C. National and state constitutions are equal

D. national laws and state laws must agree

5) Which of the following court is higher? CE.9a A. United States Supreme Court B. Circuit C. VA Supreme Court

D. Juvenile Court

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6) What court case established the principle of Judicial Review? CE.9b

A. Miranda v. Wainwright B. Marbury v. Madison C. Powell v. Powell

D. Plesssy v. Ferguson

7) Which of the following is not involved in a Civil Court Case? CE.9c A. Plaintiff B. Defendant C. Judge

D. Justices

8) The purpose of the President’s cabinet is to: CE.8d A. Do his job for him B. Advise him on their cabinets C. Take over each department for the President

D. Advise him on the military issues

9) This agency is responsible for monitoring all telecommunications in the United States of America. CE.8d

A. FDA B. EPA C. FCC D. FTC

10) The supreme law of the land is the: CE.9b A. President B. Supreme Court C. United States Constitution D. All of the above

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CE.6a Structure of the National Government

• Powers of the national government are defined by the __________________________________

• Powers are divided between the national government and the governments of the 50 states (FEDERALISM)

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial powers of government are distributed between three distinct and independent branches Legislative branch (makes law) - Legislators

• __________________ – 2 houses • ___________________________ • __________________

Executive branch (executes or enforces law)

! ___________________ Judicial branch (consists of the Federal Courts) (interprets law)

o ___________________________ – try cases involving federal law & interprets the U.S. Constitution

o _______________ and ___________________ CE.6b Principles of the separation of powers and checks and balances

WHY DO IT? – Keeps any branch from ____________________ • Powers of the Legislative branch, Executive

branch and the Judicial branch are defined in Articles 1, 2, & 3 of the U.S. Constitution

• Each branch limits the power of the other two through a series of Checks and Balances

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Legislative branch (Congress) checks: o the Executive branch (President) by:

o Overriding ________________________ or impeaching a President o the Judicial branch (Courts) by:

o Approving appointments of Federal _______________ or impeaching ___________________________

Executive branch (President) checks:

o The Legislative branch (Congress) by: o _______________ of Congress calling Congress into special session o Proposing __________________ (laws) o Preparing _________________________ for Congress to approve

o The Judicial branch (Courts) by: o Appointing federal ______________ and __________________

Judicial branch (Courts) checks:

o The Legislative branch (Congress) by: _____________________________ o The Executive branch (President) by: declaring things the President does

____________________________

SYSTEM of CHECKS and BALANCES

           

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Checks  and  Balances  Critical  Thinking  Questions  

 Directions:    Explain  in  detail  what  would  happen  in  each  of  the  following  scenarios.    

1.  What  if  the  president  of  the  United  States  did  not  have  the  power  to  veto  a  bill  passed  by  Congress?  ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  

 

2.  What  if  the  Senate  did  not  have  the  power  to  confirm  the  President’s  nomination  of  a  Supreme  Court  Justice  or  his  cabinet  members?  ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    

 3. What  if  Congress  did  not  have  the  power  to  override  a  Presidential  veto?  

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    

 4. What  if  Congress  did  not  have  the  power  of  impeachment?  

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    

 5. What  if  the  Judicial  Branch  did  not  have  the  power  to  declare  laws  and  executive  

acts  unconstitutional?  ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  

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Superhero Branch of Government

You are a mad scientist who is trying to destroy (or save) the world. Your job is to create a superhero from one of the three branches (Legislative, judicial, Executive). You must: Have a colored illustration of your superhero List your superhero’s powers (your branches powers) List your superhero’s weakness (how other branches check it)

Example

Superhero Powers Superhero’s Kryptonite Signs bills into law Can be impeached by Congress Proposes legislation Veto can be overridden by

Congress Prepares annual budget Acts can be declared

unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Enforces laws of the land Can veto a bill passed in Congress Appoints cabinet members, court judges / justices, and ambassadors

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CE.7a Federal Legislative Branch

_________________ – ___________________of U.S. Congress

o _______________________________- 435 members based on population of each state

o _____________- 100 members, 2 per state Legislative powers are defined by Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution

o Formal powers of Congress are ______________ by the Constitution o _________________________________ – specifically listed in

the Constitution (Example: power to declare war) o ________________________ – not written – used to carry out

expressed powers: o Example: national bank (not in the Constitution -

but implied because of the expressed right to tax – needed someplace to put the money!) Powers of The Federal Legislative Branch

o __________________ for the nation o ______________________ (1 year) budget o ______________ (approves) presidential appointments o _______________________ (money) through taxes, etc. o Regulates _____________ and __________________ trade o _________________________

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CE.7d Lawmaking process of the U.S. Congress

! Bill ____________________ by a Senator or Representative ! Bill is assigned to a _____________ where most of the work is done ! Bill is ________________ on the floor of both houses ! Bill is ________________ on by both houses ! Bill is ___________________ into law by the President

**** If the President veto’s a bill, Congress can still pass it by OVERRIDING his Veto by a 2/3 majority. This doesn’t happen often.****

• Elected officials write laws in response to problems or issues • Individuals and interest groups help shape legislation (new laws) and may

suggest bills to their Senator or Representative

How a bill becomes law

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CE.8a Federal Executive Branch Roles and powers of the _____________________________ at the national level (________________________________) Powers of the executive branch are defined in Article 2 of the U.S. Constitution Powers of The Federal Executive Branch

o President is the _____________________________ o Executes the _____________________________ o Prepares ______________________________ o Appoints _______________, __________________,

and _______________________________ o Administers ________________________________ (day to day business)

____________ - the course of action taken by the government to deal with a particular issue or set of issues

Ways Executive branch influences policymaking: • Proposes legislation to Congress in an annual speech, such as the

_____________________________________ • Appealing ______________________________ (televised press

conferences, radio broadcasts, etc.) • Approving or ___________________________ (shows an opinion on an issue) • Appointing officials to _________________________ (cabinet and agencies)

(Justices & foreign ambassadors)

Cabinet departments, agencies, and regulatory groups help the President carry out laws, and run government business (bureaucracy) The President exercises power as:

! Chief of State – ___________________________________ ! ________________________ – head of the Executive branch ! Chief Legislator – __________________________________

(State of the Union speech) ! ________________________ – leader of the political party that

controls the Executive branch ! Commander-in-chief –_______________________________ ! Chief Diplomat – ___________________________________ ! _____________________ – representative of the people

**Presidential power has grown in the years since the Constitution was written.**

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FACT!

In Order to be Elected President you must be: *35 years old *A native born citizen *Lived in the U.S. for the last 14 years

CE.8d Cabinet of the United States of America

Department What does this department do? State

Treasury

Defense

Attorney-General (Justice)

Homeland Security

Interior

Commerce

Labor

Health and Human Services

Housing and Urban Development

Transportation

Energy

Education

Veterans Affairs

Agriculture

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Presidential Speech

Directions: After watching the Presidential speeches, imagine that you are President of the United States and a major national crisis has just happened. Write a brief speech (at least 8 complete sentences) to the American people telling them what has happened and ensuring them that everything will be alright. For examples of Presidential speeches, visit this site: http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches Examples of events in U.S. history: • Bombing  of  Pearl  Harbor  • Dropping  the  atomic  bombs  on  Japan  • Cuban  Missile  Crisis  • September  11th  • Recent  shooting  rampage  in  Arizona  

You may use a real event that has happened in American history OR make up your own event. BE CREATIVE!!! Use the videos that we watched as guides. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  

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Help  Wanted  Ad  for  a  President    

Although  you  know  that  we  don’t  really  hire  a  president  for  our  country  the  same  way  businesses  hire  employees,  think  about  what  the  advertisement  would  be  like  if  we  did.    You  will  create  a  “Help  Wanted”  ad  for  President  of  the  United  States.    Use  your  knowledge  and  resources  to  include  accurate  information  in  an  appealing,  appropriate,  persuasive  help  wanted  ad.      Be  sure  to  include:    

• the  three  Constitutional  requirements    • terms  of  employment  • annual  salary    • three  benefits  other  than  money  • three  responsibilities  • two  powers  • three  traits  or  previous  experiences  you  think  a  President  should  have  

 

 Criteria  

Superior  5  

Acceptable  4                                              3  

Insufficient  2                              1  

Missing  0  

Constitutional    requirements  

All  three  requirements  are  included  accurately.   Requirements  are  incomplete  or  inaccurate.  

 

Terms   The  length  of  a  term  and  the  number  of  terms  possible  are  accurately  explained.  

Term  length  or  number  is  incomplete  or  inaccurate.  

 

Salary    

The  salary  is  shown  accurately,  including  additional  information.  

The  annual  salary  is  shown  accurately  

Salary  is  inaccurate.  

 

Benefits    

Three  clearly  different  benefits  are  accurately  identified.    Details  are  included  about  each.    They  are  described  in  an  appealing  way  to  attract  job  applicants.  

Three  different  benefits  are  accurately  identified.  

Benefits  are  incomplete  or  inaccurate.  

 

Responsibilities    

Three  different  responsibilities  are  accurately  identified.    Details  are  included  about  each.    They  are  described  in  a  way  to  be  informative  and  interesting  to  job  applicants.  

Three  different  responsibilities  are  accurately  identified.  

Responsibilities  are  incomplete  or  inaccurate.  

 

Powers   Two  different  powers  are  accurately  identified.    Details  are  included  about  each.    They  are  described  in  a  way  to  be  informative  and  attractive  to  job  applicants.  

Two  different  powers  are  accurately  identified.  

Powers  are  incomplete  or  inaccurate.  

 

Additional  qualities  

Three  traits  or  previous  experiences  are  described  clearly.    Reasons  why  these  would  be  beneficial  are  explained.  

Three  traits  or  previous  experiences  are  described  clearly.      

Traits  or  experiences  are  incomplete  or  inappropriate.  

 

Appeal     The  ad  is  creative,  attractive,  neat,  using  ink  and  color  to  look  like  a  finished  product.    It  is  designed  appropriately  to  attract  job  applicants.  

The  ad  is  neat,  attractive,  and  designed  appropriately.      

Product  looks  incomplete,  unappealing,  or  inappropriate  for  an  ad.  

Communication   Writing  is  clear  and  legible,  with  no  errors  in,  spelling,  capitalization,  punctuation,  or  grammar.  

Writing  is  clear  with  few  errors.  

There  are  many  errors  in  the  writing.  

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CE.9a Federal Judicial Branch ________________________ (a dual court system) Justice consists not in being neutral between right and wrong, but in finding out the right and upholding it, wherever it is found, against the wrong.

-President Theodore Roosevelt, 1916 We call our system a dual court system because it is made up of federal courts, including The Supreme Court, the highest court in the land, and state courts. CE.9b Judicial Review –

! Power of the Judicial branch to _______________________ made by the legislative branch (Congress) and to review the acts of the __________________________ (President)

! Supreme Courts of the U.S. and Virginia determine ___________________________of those laws and acts

! This is a check by the __________________________ over the ___________________ and _____________________ branches

Constitution of the U.S. – “_______________________________”

State laws must conform to the _____________________ and the ___________________________ Marbury vs Madison – established principle of Judicial Review

based on the U.S. Constitution (Article III – section 2)

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Overview: The Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. The nine justices are top dogs when it comes to interpreting the U.S. Constitution! Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are final and affect all citizens. We will examine several important Supreme Court cases that have

shaped our nation. The case that started it all: Marbury vs. Madison (1803): William Marbury was appointed by President John Adams to be the Justice of the Peace in Washington, D.C. Marbury was supposed to receive paperwork to officially make him the Justice of the Peace. However, during this time, Thomas Jefferson became the new President. Jefferson told his new Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver some of the paperwork. Marbury was one of the people who did NOT receive his paperwork. Therefore, he could not start his new job! Marbury was obviously upset about this. He tried to get the Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver the papers. This is called a writ of mandamus.

John Marshall was chief justice of the Supreme Court at this time. He and the other Supreme Court members looked at two documents: The Judiciary Act of 1789 and Article III of the U.S. Constitution. The Judiciary Act (which came AFTER the Constitution) said that the Supreme Court could issue a writ (order). Article III of the Constitution says that this power is beyond the Supreme Court. So, these two documents conflicted. The Constitution is the LAW OF THE LAND, so it will always win in a legal fight! Basically, a law or document that conflicts with the U.S. Constitution is invalid (no good).

In the end, Chief Justice Marshall and the other Supreme Court members decided that Marbury should have received his paperwork, but it was not in the Court’s power to force this to be done.

The most important concept to come out of this case was the idea of Judicial Review. This means that the Supreme Court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional. If a law conflicts with the U.S. Constitution, the Supreme Court can review that law and say that it is no longer acceptable. This case was the first time that the Supreme Court had ever used Judicial Review. This power has now been in use for over 200 years and has made a huge difference in our country’s history! BIG IDEA: The Supreme Court Case of Marbury vs. Madison established the concept of Judicial Review (the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional). Questions about Marbury vs. Madison: 1. Why was William Marbury upset? _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did William Marbury want the Supreme Court to do in this case?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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3. What happens when a law or act conflicts with the U.S. Constitution?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in this case?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. In the end, why was this case so important to the future of the United States?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

SOME IMPORTANT SUPREME COURT CASES

YOU BE THE JUDGE: Please read the summaries of important Supreme Court cases and make a ruling. In other words, decide how you would rule in each of these cases. We will then discuss them and you will find out the decision in each case (leave the “actual ruling” part blank until we discuss each case). Case #1: Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Homer Plessy was a man who lived in Louisiana in the late 1800s. He was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, but was classified as a black man by the state. In 1892 he boarded a railroad car for whites only. He refused to move to the other car (for black people) and was arrested and jailed. He brought a case against the state of Louisiana saying that his rights had been violated. The judge (named John Ferguson) ruled that the state had the right to regulate the railroads within state boundaries and no rights had been violated. Plessy appealed this decision and his case eventually made it to the U.S. Supreme Court. How would you have ruled in this case? Do you think his rights were violated?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Actual ruling:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Case #2: Brown vs. Board of Education (1954):

In 1951, a man named Oliver Brown, along with other parents, brought a case against the board of education of Topeka, Kansas. Brown’s daughter, an African American, had to walk 6 blocks to the bus stop and then ride the bus one mile to her school (which was an all black school). There was an all white school only 7 blocks from her house (much closer than the school she attended). Brown and the other parents argued that it was unfair and that the Topeka school system should integrate their schools (allow blacks and whites to attend school together). The local court ruled in favor of the Board of Education saying that schools and other public places could be “separate but equal”. The case was eventually appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

How would you have ruled in this case? Do you think the idea of “separate but equal” was

constitutional?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Actual ruling:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Case #3: Mapp vs. Ohio (1961): Dollree Mapp and her daughter lived in Cleveland, Ohio. The police received a tip that they were harboring (keeping) a suspected bombing fugitive. The police arrived at their house and demanded entrance. Mapp refused and consulted her lawyer. Her lawyer said that the police must have a warrant. The police obtained a warrant and came back several hours later. Mapp asked to see the warrant. The police waived a paper that may or may not have been a warrant in front of her, but it was not clear what it said. Mapp was handcuffed and the police searched her house. They found a trunk (a large storage bin) in the basement containing obscene (inappropriate) books and pictures. They arrested her on charges of having these inappropriate materials (which was against the law in Ohio), but they never found the fugitive that they were originally looking for (that’s the reason why they were in the house in the first place). Ms. Mapp took her case to the courts in Ohio. Her lawyer argued that the evidence should not have been used against her because it had nothing to do with the reason why the police were originally at her house. The state of Ohio ruled against Ms. Mapp, so she eventually appealed her case to the U.S. Supreme Court. How would you have ruled in this case? Do you think that the Ms. Mapp should have been charged

with having the pictures and books even though the police were searching for something else?

_________________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Actual ruling:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Case #4: Miranda vs. Arizona (1966): In 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested for robbery. He was also wanted for rape and assault of numerous women in the Phoenix, Arizona area. A description of his car and license plate led police to Miranda. The police identified Miranda and brought him in for questioning. After two hours of questioning and interrogation, Miranda confessed to the crimes. However, Miranda was never informed of his right to remain silent and his right to an attorney (lawyer) during questioning. After Miranda confessed and was charged, a public defender was assigned to his case. The defender (lawyer) argued that Miranda’s confession should not be used as evidence in court because he was not informed of his rights. He also argued that Miranda’s 5th Amendment rights had been violated because he incriminated (spoke against) himself during improper police questioning. The Arizona Supreme Court upheld the charges against Miranda, so Miranda’s lawyer (along with other people) appealed the case and it eventually made it to the U.S. Supreme Court. How would you have ruled in this case? Do you think that Miranda’s rights were violated in this

case?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Actual ruling:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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CE.9a The organization and jurisdiction of federal and state courts (Judicial branch) – ____________________________ (2 court systems!) __________________ – the authority of a court to hold a first trial ___________________ – the authority of a superior court to hear a

case which had been tried in a lower court ________________ – authority of a court over certain special cases Federal Court System (federal law)

o ________________________– the court of final appeal in the United States -appellate jurisdiction –some limited jurisdiction - 9 justices (no jury)

o ___________________________– appellate jurisdiction – judges (no jury) – hears appeals cases from US District Court

o ______________________– original jurisdiction – judge with or without a jury – hears criminal cases involving federal law

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CE.9c Court proceedings in resolving 2 types of legal conflict - _________________________ and ____________________________. _______________________ – In a criminal case, a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony. ______________ – major crime Misdemeanor – __________________ Criminal procedure in felony cases

! Arrest with ______________________ ! ____________ or _____________ on bail ! Arraignment

o _____________________________ o _______________________________ o __________________________________ o ______________________________

! Trial is _______________________ ! __________________ is delivered- (____________ or

___________________) ! Guilty verdict may be appealed to a _________________________

___________________ – disagreement between two parties where a lawsuit is filed to recover damages or receive compensation (ex: accidents, contracts, etc.)

Procedure for civil cases ! _______________________________________ ! Case is heard by a ____________ or a __________ and

a ___________ (group of citizens who decide a case) ! Case can be appealed to a _______________________

Procedure for cases involving juveniles

o Judges have greater ______________ (latitude) than in adult cases

o Judges have a lot more options on how to ________________ o Juvenile may be tried as an adult for serious crime

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Directions: Read each scenario and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sammy is taking his neighbor Bob to court because Bob has planted a tree on the property line in between their houses. It is now fall and most of the leaves seem to be landing in Sammy’s yard. Sammy wants Bob to cut down the tree because he does not want to be responsible for raking the leaves every year. After attempting to settle this dispute himself by billing Bob $20 per hour for Sammy to rake the leaves from his yard, Sammy has decided file a complaint against Bob and let the Stafford General District Court decide. Who is the plaintiff/defendant? ____________________________________________________________ Is this a civil or criminal case?________________________________________________________ How would you decide the case? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Richard was running late for work on Monday. It was going to be the third time in two weeks and his boss had warned him that if he was late a third time he was going to be fired! Richard was on interstate 95 driving 90 mph when a state trooper pulled him over. The state trooper wrote him a ticket for “reckless driving” because he was speeding more than 20 mph over the speed limit. As a result Richard was fined $750 and will lose his license for a year. Richard believes that he was only going 15 mph over the speed limit. What should happen? Who is the plaintiff/defendant? ____________________________________________________________ Is this a civil or criminal case?_____________________________________________________________ How would you decide the case? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Camille and Andrew have been dating for five years and WERE totally in love. Somehow along the way they grew apart and have decided to break up. Two years ago Camille bought a dog to keep her company while Andrew was traveling on business. Since then, Andrew has come to love the dog and uses him on hunting excursions. Upon breaking up Andrew took “Goldie” along with his other belongings and moved across state. Now Camille has brought him to court to decide who should have the dog. Who is the plaintiff/defendant? ____________________________________________________________ Is this a civil or criminal case?_____________________________________________________________ How would you decide the case? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Gertrude was at the mall with a couple of friends shopping for a new curling iron. She has $18.00 of birthday money. She spent $7.00 on lunch earlier at a restaurant with her friends. The curling iron she wants costs $17.50. She has noticed that there is no security sensor on the packaging. Too embarrassed to ask her friends to borrow money; when no one was looking she stashed the iron in her purse. Upon leaving the store she was apprehended by store security. They had watched the whole thing happen on camera. The store has pressed charges for theft. What will happen? Who is the plaintiff/defendant? ____________________________________________________________ Is this a civil or criminal case?____________________________________________________________ How would you decide the case? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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CE.9d ____________________- protections are outlined in the _______ and the _________ amendments to ensure justice for all citizens.

_______________________ – the constitutional protection against unfair laws and actions by the government (equal treatment)

• following established legal procedures • government may not take our _________, _____________, or

_________________without exercising the proper procedures under the law

U.S. Supreme Court has established that DUE PROCESS is to protect the rights of a citizen guaranteed by the _____________________

! ____________________ – national government cannot act unfairly to its citizens – protects citizens from testifying against themselves

! ___________________ – state and local governments cannot act unfairly to its citizens (guarantees rights of citizenship and equal treatment)

Fair treatment of a suspected witch on trial in the

Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1600’s??

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Terms to Know Terms Definition Sentence

Annual

Appellate Jurisdiction

Bail

Bicameral

Cabinet

Civil

Committee

Concurrent

Conform

Congress

Criminal

Defendant

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Due Process

Enumerated/Expressed

Executive

Felony

Impeach

Implied

Judicial

Judicial Review

Justice

Jurisdiction

Jury

Legislation

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Legislative

Misdemeanor

Original Jurisdiction

Override

Plaintiff

Plea

Policymaking

Procedure

Subpoena

Verdict

Veto

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Unit Study Guide Questions 1. Fill in the following blanks with the correct “checks”: CE.6b

A. The Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch by: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

B. The Legislative Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________

C. The Executive Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________

2. Define “bicameral.” CE.6a 3. List the 5 main points of the lawmaking process of the U.S. Congress mentioned in your notes. In the correct order, please!!! CE.7d

1.

2. 3.

4. 5.

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4. Explain in a sentence the four (4) ways the Executive Branch can influence policymaking. INCLUDE ALL FOUR !! CE.8a 5. Identify the primary responsibility of each branch of government. CE.6a EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL

6. Why is the Judicial system of the United States called a “dual court system?” CE.9a 7. Which court in the Federal Court System is the only court with a judge and a jury? CE.9a 8. Define “Judicial Review.” CE.9b 9. List the court procedure in a civil court case. CE.9c

a. b. c.

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10. Fill in the chart and identify the type of jurisdiction of the U.S court system. CE.9a

Federal Courts - United States Courts

Jurisdiction of Court (original or appellate)

11. List the court procedure in a criminal court case. CE.9c

a. b. c. d. e. f.

12. Define “checks and balances.” CE.6b 13. Explain the differences between a civil case and a criminal case. CE.9c

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14. LIMITED or UNLIMITED The powers of the Executive Branch of the National government CE.6b 15 The _________________ appoints ambassadors, Cabinet members, and Supreme Court justices. CE.6d A. Executive Branch - President B. Legislative Branch - Congress C. Judicial Branch – Supreme Court 16. The _________________ branch has Judicial Review over State laws. CE.9b A. Executive (Governor) B. Legislative (General Assembly) C. Judicial (Virginia Supreme Court) 17. The _________________ branch vetoes acts of Congress which is a check of the _________________ branch. CE.6b A. Executive- Legislative B. Legislative- Judicial C. Judicial- Executive 18. The ______________ branch declares laws unconstitutional which is a check of the ____________ branch. CE.6b A. Executive- Judicial B. Legislative- Executive C. Judicial- Legislative

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19. The _______________ branch has the power to impeach a President which is a check of the ______________ branch. CE.6b A. Executive- Legislative B. Legislative- Executive C. Judicial- Executive 20. The ________________ branch has the power to override a presidential veto. CE.6b A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial 21. Which is the proper order for the lawmaking process? CE.7b A. Voting, committees, signing, debating, introducing B. Introducing, debating, signing, committees, voting C. Voting, debating, introducing, signing, committees D. Introducing, committees, debating, voting, signing 22. The powers of the Executive branch are defined in ____________. CE.8a A. the Declaration of Independence B. Articles of Confederation C. Article II of the U.S. Constitution D. the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution 23. TRUE or FALSE The Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Education are parts of the cabinet of the United States of America and are appointed by the Vice President to help the President carry out laws. CE.8a

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24. The Executive branch of national government influences policymaking by: CE.8a A. making the State of the Union Speech B. holding a televised news conference C. vetoing a new law passed by Congress D. all of the above 25. Of the three courts in the Federal Court System, which court has 9 justices and is the court of final appeal? CE.9a A. U.S. Supreme Court B. U.S. Court of Appeals C. U.S. District Court 26. Of the three courts in the Federal Court System, which court has original jurisdiction and a judge and jury? CE.9a A. U.S. Supreme B. U.S. Court of Appeals C. U.S. District Court 27. The Supreme Court case of ___________________ established the principle of Judicial Review for the Judicial Branch. CE.9b A. Plessy vs. Ferguson B. Brown vs. Board of Education C. McCulloch vs. Maryland D. Marbury vs. Madison 28. TRUE or FALSE Judicial Review is a check of the legislative branch by the Judicial Branch. CEb

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29. Who is the person that files a complaint in a civil case? CE.9c A. The victim B. The plaintiff C. The defendant D. A Magistrate 30. YES or NO If a civil case for a low dollar amount is heard in Virginia General District Court and the verdict is not what was expected by the defendant because his lawyer did not do his/her best, can the case be appealed to a higher court? CE.9c 31. An example of a civil case would be: CE.9c A. a dispute over a fence between two pieces of property B. graffiti on the post office wall C. shoplifting at Wal-Mart D. exceeding the speed limit on Rt. 40.

32. All of the following are examples of a criminal case EXCEPT: CE.9c

A. An article in the Daily News Record that was reported as a result of a lie by your neighbor that hurt your reputation

B. Opening your neighbor’s mail and cashing their Social Security check

C. Running a red-light to get your mom to the hospital in an emergency

D. Going 2 miles per hour over the posted speed limit on Rt. 33

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STATE AND LOCAL

GOVERNMENT

97

Notes

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Pre/Post Assessment Pre Post Question 1) In Virginia, from where do local governments derive their

power? CE.6b

A. The Constitution of the United States B. The Virginia Charters C. The State D. The Congress

2) What is the primary responsibility of the state

government? CE.6b A. Conduct foreign policy B. Regulate interstate commerce C. Promote public health

D. Regulate the army

3) How does the governor influence policy making in Virginia? CE.8b

A. By signing and vetoing bills B. By appointing and nominating officials C. By granting pardons

D. By passing the biennial budget

4) When the Supreme Court of Virginia declares a Virginia law unconstitutional, it is exercising:

A. Federalism B. Popular Sovereignty C. Original Jurisdiction

D. Judicial Review

5) Which of the following is the court of final appeal in Virginia? CE.9a

A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Court of Appeals of Virginia C. Virginia Circuit Court D. Virginia General District Court

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6) Local Laws are called: CE.7d A. Local Laws B. Ordinances C. Referendums

D Amendments

7) Which is considered the supreme law in the state of Virginia? CE.7b

A. The Constitution of the Commonwealth B. The Constitution of the United States C. Laws passed by Congress

D. Laws passed by the General Assembly

8) The head of the Executive Branch of Virginia is: CE.7b A. The President B. The Mayor C. The Governor

D. The Congress

9) Which of the following is not a responsibility of the State and Local Government? CE.6b

A. Defense B. Public Safety C. Public Welfare D. Public Health

10) The Virginia State budget is approved ___________. CE.7d

A. Annually B. Biannually C. Triennially D. Quarterly

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CE.6d Relationship of national government to state government in the federal system established by the Constitution of the U.S. (FEDERALISM)

! Federal form of government – _____________________ is supreme ! ___________________ – division of government between national

and state government ! The U.S. Constitution denies certain powers to both the national and

state governments ! National powers are _____________________________ or

______________ in the Constitution o _______________________ – written in the Constitution o ______________ – suggested – understood without being written

! _________________ – powers held by both the National and state governments (Ex: Power to tax, build roads)

! Powers not given to the national government are reserved for the states (10th Amendment)

! ____________ – powers set aside to be used by the states ! Ex: licensing, public health, speed limits, smoking laws, etc.

! State government’s power comes from the ___________________ ! Local government’s power comes from the ___________________

! The expansion of the national government’s powers into areas

traditionally reserved to the states has altered the relationship of states to the national government

! Tensions exist between governments when federal mandates requiring state actions are made without adequate funding

Primary responsibilities of each level of government

• National – _______________________________________ _______________________________________________

• State – _________________________________________ • Local – __________________________________________

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Review: Is it National (N) or State (S) ? ___ Road Construction ___ International Trade ___ Hospitals ___ Education ___ Public Safety

___ Invading Canada ___ Powers of local governments ___ Printing Money ___ The Post Office

CE.7b Structure and power of State government

***State Government is established by the Virginia Constitution***

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial powers of government are separated at the state level.

! Legislative – makes laws ! Executive – enforces law ! Judicial – interprets law

Legislative branch (makes law) (Virginia General Assembly)

! Bicameral – 2 houses o ___________________________ o _______________

! Meets annually for a fixed number of days

Executive branch (executes or enforces law) ! ____________________ is the Chief Executive Officer –

4 year term (1 term)

Judicial branch (interprets law) (Judicial Review of state law) ! Consists of the Court System with ___________________

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CE.6b,c Principles of the separation of powers and checks and balances (limits power) – keeps any branch from abusing its power

Powers of the legislative branch, executive branch and the judicial branch are defined in the Virginia Constitution

Each one of the branches limits the power of the other two through a series of Checks and Balances

Legislative branch (General Assembly) checks:

! the Executive branch (Governor) by: ! ________________________________ ! impeaching a Governor

! the Judicial branch (VA Courts) by: ! approving appointments of justices ! ___________________________________

Executive branch (Governor) checks:

o the Legislative branch (General Assembly) by: ! ______________________________________ ! calling General Assembly into special session ! _________________________________ ! preparing budgets

o the Judicial branch (VA Courts) by: ! _________________________________

Judicial branch (Courts) checks:

! the Legislative branch (General Assembly) by: • ______________________________________

• the Executive branch (Governor) by: • ______________________________________

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CE. 7b State Legislative Branch ! Bicameral- ____________________

o House of Delegates o Senate

! Legislators make law for the state ! Approves _______________ (2 year) budgets ! Confirms gubernatorial appointments ! Raises money through ___________, etc.

CE.7d Lawmaking process at the State level

Virginia General Assembly elected as representatives of the citizens of Virginia to make laws

Lawmaking process of the Virginia General Assembly

! Bill introduced by a ____________ or _____________ ! Bill assigned to a _________________ ! Bill debated on the floor of ____________________ ! Bill voted on by ________________________

(House of Delegates, VA Senate) ! Bill signed into law by the _________________

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COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW Directions: Use the information from your notes to help you complete the chart below.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

VIRGINIA GOVERNMENT

HOW IS THE PROCESS ALIKE?

HOW IS THE PROCESS DIFFERENT?

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Primary Issues in the State (Reserved Powers by the 10th Amendment)

! _______________ – promote an informed and educated citizenry (ex: establish minimum standards for local schools - SOLs)

! ________________ – promote and protect the health of the states citizens (ex: fund health benefits)

• _________________ – protect natural resources (ex: improve water quality in the Chesapeake Bay)

! ____________________ – approve 2 year (biennial)

budget prepared by the governor

! Levying and collecting ____________ ! ________________________

(drivers, marriage, etc.)

106

Which issue?

State Budget

Approving a biennial (two year) budget prepared by

the governor

Revenue

Levying and collecting taxes to pay for public

goods & services

Environment

Protecting natural resources such as the water quality in the

Chesapeake Bay Education

Promoting an informed and engaged citizenry by establishing minimum

standards for local schools and providing them with financial assistance

Public Health

Promoting and protecting the health of its citizens by funding health benefits

and public awareness projects

DIRECTIONS: Determine which bold, underlined issue above relates to the bills

below. 1. HB 1750 Increases the cigarette tax rate from $0.30 per pack to $0.80 per pack. 2. HB 75 Authorizes the issuance of special license plates bearing the national motto: "In God We Trust." 3. SB 934 Requires at least 150 minutes of physical education per week on average during the regular school year for grades K through twelve. 4. HB 397 Allowing the Board of Education to establish a state –wide grading scale for all VA public schools. 5. HB 399 Bear, deer, & wildlife can only be killed for human consumption. 6. HB 533 Requires the school principal or his designee to notify the parents of a student, whenever action has been taken to physically restrain such student. 7. HB 1357 Prohibits federal agencies from taking any action to restrict the emission of carbon dioxide. Any federal law or regulation that attempts to prohibit, limit, or control in any way the emission of carbon dioxide shall be without authority, void, and of no force within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. 8. HB 2341 Imposes a tax of $0.20 on plastic bags used by purchasers to carry tangible personal property from the place of purchase.

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CE.8b State Executive Branch ! Enforces the laws of the _________________________

& the laws passed by the _________________________ ! Plays a key role in the policymaking process ! ________________________________ (2 year) budget ! Appoints cabinet (advisors) who oversee

_____________________________________________ ! Administers state bureaucracy (day to day operation of

Government) ! Lt. Governor – elected - __________________________ ! Attorney-General – elected - ______________________

Governor’s roles in State government

! ___________________ – head of the state government ! Chief Administrator – __________________________ ! ___________________________ – proposes laws ! _________________________ – leader of the political

party that controls the Executive branch in Virginia ! Commander-in-chief – __________________________ ! ____________________ – representative of the people

Check any above that are also Jobs of the President at the Federal Level.

Cabinet secretaries, departments, agencies, and regulatory boards

! Administer law ! Enforce law ! Regulate business & economy on a state level ! Provide services for citizens

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CE.9a State Judicial Branch

In each Virginia locality, state courts resolve Judicial disputes. Virginia Court System (state law) ! ________________________ – court of final appeal in Virginia -

(appellate) and some limited original jurisdiction - Justices – no jury ! ___________________________ – appellate jurisdiction from circuit

courts - Judges (no jury) ! _________________________ – original jurisdiction for civil and

felony criminal cases– appellate jurisdiction from General District Court - Judge with or without a jury

! ________________________ – original jurisdiction of misdemeanors and civil cases - Judge only (no jury)

! _________________________________________ – original jurisdiction – family, juvenile cases -Judge only (no jury)

Which court would it be?

* You are arrested for stealing something?____________________ *Billy, age 23, is accused of stealing a new car?_________________ *You don’t like the answer you got in Circuit Court?______________ *I sue my neighbor for $1,000,000?_____________________ *Speeding Tickets?__________________________

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CE.7c,8c Power and structure of Local governments in Virginia Local governments are political sub-divisions created by the General Assembly (State Legislature). They get their powers from the state governments! Units of local governments

! _________________ ! _________________ ! _________________

All counties have an elected Board of Supervisors with legislative power

! Adopt ______________ (1 year) budget ! Make __________________ (local laws) ! Most Boards of Supervisors hire a ________________________

All Virginia cities and towns have an elected Council with Legislative power (Elkton Town Council)

! Adopt annual budget ! Make ordinances (local laws) ! Elect ______________, unless elected by voters

**All counties and cities elect or appoint school boards to oversee and operate K-12 school system**

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Would you like to be on the RCPS School Board? Why or why not?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In each Virginia locality, courts hear Judicial disputes The Virginia Constitution requires every locality to elect: ! _______________________ ! ______________________________________ ! ______________________________________ ! _______________________ CE.7c

Virginia local governments have the power to: • Enforce ____________________________________ • Promote ______________________ • Protect public safety • ___________________________ • Protect the environment • _______________________________ • Levy and collect taxes

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Relationship of State governments to local governments Powers of all local governments (Rockingham County) in Virginia are created and controlled by the __________________________

Towns and cities in Virginia have charters that were granted by the _________________________ and _______________________

Powers of the cities and towns are listed in their charters

! __________________ (like constitutions) ! Not all cities are given the same powers

CE.7d Lawmaking Process at the Local level

! Counties have an elected ______________________________ to make ordinances (local laws)

! Cities and towns have an elected _________________

! Citizens can influence their _____________________________

by lobbying, telephone, mail, email

If you were on the Rockingham County Board of Supervisors, what ordinance would you like to see passed for the community? In at least one paragraph why would you pass this ordinance? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

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CE.10c International Issues & Events can have an impact on local decision-making

Local governments may be required to formulate (plan), adopt, and implement policies in response to international issues and events

! Responding to _______________________ concerns in the event of a pandemic

! Planning for _______________________ in the event of an act of terrorism

! Preparing __________________________ in response to a growing global economy

! Policies to ________________________________ (ex: wildlife conservation and protection)

What are some things that you can think of that Rockingham County can do to encourage economic development in the global economy? Give at least 5 examples and defend your answers. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Unit Terms to Know

Terms Definition SentenceBiennial

Board of Education

Board of Supervisors

Charter

Commonwealth

Federalism

General Assembly

Juvenile

114

Levy Taxes

Limited

Locality

Misdemeanor

Ordinances

Reserved

Review

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Unit 4 Study Guide Questions

1. Define “federalism.” CE.6b 2. Compare and contrast enumerated powers and implied powers using the Venn diagram below. CE.6b

3. Which government’s legislative branch approves a biennial budget? CE.7b

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4. Identify the primary responsibilities of each level of government. CE.6b

National State Local 1. 2.

1. 2. 3.

1.

5. Fill in the blanks: CE.6c

A. The Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch by: ____________________________________________

B. The Legislative Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: __________________________________________

C. The Executive Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: __________________________________________

6. Define “bicameral.” CE.7b

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7. List the 5 main points of the lawmaking process of the VA General Assembly mentioned in your study guide. In the correct order, please!!! CE.7d

1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

8. Identify the primary responsibility of each branch of government. CE.7b

EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL

9. Sometimes an international event or issue can prompt local governments to act to prevent harm from coming to its citizens. Identify a type of issue or event that might cause our local Board of Supervisors to adopt a plan to respond to a threat to its citizens. CE.10c 10. Define “checks and balances.” CE.6c

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11. Using the Venn diagram below compare and contrast the roles of the President of the U.S. (from Unit 2) and the roles of the Governor of Virginia. CE.8a, 8b

12. Identify the document by which the state government gives power to the local governments. CE.6b 13. What is the title of the person who oversees the operation of our county government and how did he get his job? 2 part question !!!! CE.7c,8c

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14. Fill in the chart and identify the type of jurisdiction of the Virginia court system. CE.9a

State Courts - Virginia Court System

Jurisdiction of Court (original or appellate)

15. Powers written in the Constitution like the power to declare war is a/an _____________________ power. CE.6b A. Implied B. Reserved C. Enumerated D. Concurrent 16. State government gets its power from the ___________________. CE.6b A. People B. National government C. The Declaration of Independence D. The 1st Amendment 17. The power of the local government comes from the _____________. CE.6b A. People B. National government C. State government D. Wal-Mart

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18. Reserved powers are powers given to the state government according to the ____ amendment to the U.S. Constitution. CE.6b A. 5th B. 10th C. 14th D. 16th 19. TRUE or FALSE Federalism is a term used to describe the division of power between the national government and the local government. CE.6b 20. Which level of government is responsible for dealing with the government of France? CE.6b A. National B. State C. Local 21. Which level of government is responsible for making sure the grass gets mowed at your soccer field? CE.6b A. National B. State C. Local 22. Which level of government is responsible for checking teachers for contagious diseases before they come into a classroom full of students? CE.6b A. National B. State C. Local 23. LIMITED or UNLIMITED The powers of the Executive Branch of the National government CE.6b 24. TRUE or FALSE County managers are a part of the Executive branch of local government and are hired by the county Board of Supervisors. CE.7c,8c 25. Which level and branch approves a biennial budget? CE.7b A. State-Legislative B. State- Executive C. National- Legislative D. National- Executive

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26. Which level and branch makes ordinances? CE.7d A. State- Legislative B. Local- Judicial C. Local- Executive D. Local- Legislative 27. The Virginia General Assembly is the ____________ branch of State government. CE.7b A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial 28. The Broadway Town Council is the ___________ branch of Local Government. CE.7b A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial 29. Governor Terry McAuliffe is a part of the _____________ branch of State government. CE.7b A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial 30. The _________________ appoints Cabinet members and VA Supreme Court justices. CE.8b A. Executive Branch - Governor B. Legislative Branch – General Assembly C. Judicial Branch – VA Supreme Court 31. The _________________ branch has Judicial Review over State laws. CE.9b A. Executive (Governor) B. Legislative (General Assembly) C. Judicial (Virginia Supreme Court)

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32. The _________________ branch vetoes acts of the General Assembly which is a check of the _________________ branch. CE.6b,c A. Executive- Legislative B. Legislative- Judicial C. Judicial- Executive 33. The ______________ branch declares laws unconstitutional which is a check of the ____________ branch. CE.6b,c A. Executive- Judicial B. Legislative- Executive C. Judicial- Legislative 34. The _______________ branch has the power to impeach a Governor which is a check of the ______________ branch. CE.6b,c A. Executive- Legislative B. Legislative- Executive C. Judicial- Executive 35. The ________________ branch has the power to override a veto of the Governor. CE.6b,c A. Executive B. Legislative C. Judicial 36. Implied powers are powers that are ________________. CE.6b A. Used to carry out the wishes of the mayor B. Not written C. Listed in the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution D. Specifically written in the VA Constitution 37. TRUE of FALSE Only the U.S. Congress is bicameral. The Virginia General Assembly has three houses: the Senate, the House of Delegates and the House of Cards. CE.7a.

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38. TRUE or FALSE The lawmaking process for the U.S. Congress and the Virginia General Assembly is the same except for the person that signs the new law. CE.7d 39. Which is the proper order for the lawmaking process? CE.7d A. Voting, committees, signing, debating, introducing B. Introducing, debating, signing, committees, voting C. Voting, debating, introducing, signing, committees D. Introducing, committees, debating, voting, signing 40. The powers of the Executive branch and the Governor are defined in ____________. CE.8b A. Webster’s Dictionary B. the blue pages of our phone directory C. the Virginia Constitution D. the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution 41. TRUE or FALSE The Secretaries of Transportation, Commerce, and Education are a part of the cabinet of the Commonwealth of Virginia and are appointed by the Lt. Governor to help the Governor carry out laws. CE.8b 42. The Executive branch of state government influences policymaking by: CE.8b A. making the State of the Commonwealth Speech B. holding a televised news conference C. vetoing a new law passed by Virginia General Assembly D. all of the above

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43. Of the five courts in the Virginia Court System, which court hears cases involving family disputes? CE.9a A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Virginia Court of Appeals C. Circuit Court D. General District Court E. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court 44. Of the five courts in the Virginia Court System, which court hears misdemeanor criminal cases using original jurisdiction? CE.9a A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Virginia Court of Appeals C. Circuit Court D. General District Court E. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court 45. Of the five courts in the Virginia Court System, which is the first court to hear an appealed misdemeanor cases? CE.9a A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Virginia Court of Appeals C. Virginia Circuit Court D. Virginia General District Court E. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court 46. Of the five courts in the Virginia Court System, which court has original jurisdiction for felony cases? CE.9a A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Virginia Court of Appeals C. Virginia Circuit Court D. Virginia General District Court E. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court

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47. Of the five courts in the Virginia Court System, which is the only which court hears cases using a judge and a jury? CE.9a A. Virginia Supreme Court B. Virginia Court of Appeals C. Virginia Circuit Court D. Virginia General District Court E. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court 48. TRUE or FALSE Judicial Review is a check of the legislative branch by the Judicial Branch. CE.9b

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BASICS OF ECONOMICS

127

Notes

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Pre/Post Assessment Pre Post Question 1) Scarcity leads individuals and businesses to: CE.11a

A. Choose actions from a set of alternatives B. Give up their opportunity cost C. Choose between supply and demand D. Produce goods without the factors of production

2) The type of economy a country has is determined by the: CE.11b

A. Amount of government involvement in economic decision making

B. Number of consumers and producers in the marketplace C. Profit motive of its people

D. Vote of its citizens

3) In the American economy, buyers determine what is produced by the purchases they make. This is know as- CE.11b

A. Consumer sovereignty B. Opportunity Cost C. Incentives

D. Capital Resources

4) ________________ are factors of productions that are used in the production of goods and services. CE.11a

A. Incentives B. Choice C. Price

D. Resources

5) In a free market economy the amount of government involvement is very: CE.11b

A. Minimal B. Extensive C. Neither

D. Both

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6) Competition is very good for consumers. Competition between companies provide: CE.11b

A. More money B. Worse Products C. Better Products

D. Higher Prices

7) The interaction of supply and demand in the American marketplace: CE.11a

A. Is heavily regulated by the government B. Is based on a command economic system C. Determines the price of a good or service

D Can take place only in a mixed economy

8) __________________ is what is given up when a choice from a set or group is made. CE.11a

A. Opportunity Cost B. Choice C. Incentive

D. Supply

9) The amount of money that is exchanged for a good or service is called: CE.11a

A. Supply B. Demand C. Profit D. Price

10) _______ are used to influence or change economic behaviors in producers and consumers. CE.11a

A. Prices B. Products C. Incentives D. Money

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You can’t always get what you want! CE.11a People make choices as to the use of limited resources, decide ownership of resources; and they decide how to structure (organize) markets for the distribution of goods and services __________________ is the inability to __________ all wants at the same time. Everything on earth is limited in some way! This requires that _______________. Resources Resources are things that we use to produce goods and services. (also known as the “___________________________________”)

___________: Tangible things that we get to satisfy our wants and needs. (We can touch them) _______________: Work that is provided by a person for someone else. Most of them are not tangible (i.e Haircuts)

There are 4 types of resources: _______________: things that come from nature that we use in production Ex: ____________________________ _______________: Human labor that goes into making something, or providing a service Ex: ____________________________ _________________: Anything that is produced that is then used to produce something else Ex: ____________________________

_________________________: New ideas that people bring to the marketplace Ex: ___________________________

Natural Resource

Human Resource

Capital Resource

Entrepreneurship

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“Just Pick Something Already!” ______________: Selecting an item or action from a set of possible alternatives. Individuals must choose or make decisions about desired _______________ and __________________ because these goods and services are limited. Ex: There are probably hundreds of different soft drinks (possible alternatives) but I can only pick one to drink (selecting an item) ________________- is what is given up when a choice is made. In other words, our highest valued ______________ is forgone (given up) when we make a choice. Individuals must consider the ________ of what is given up when making a choice. Sometimes businesses will try to affect the choices we make by offering ________________ for people to make certain decisions. ________________: things that incite or motivate someone to take an action. They are used to change our ______________________ or to get us to do something that we wouldn’t normally do. Look for examples of incentives in magazines and online and paste examples of

incentives in the box below.

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I go to 7-11 after school to buy a soda. My favorite two drinks are Cherry Coke, and Mountain Dew. Each drink is $1.29, and I have $2 in my pocket. I really want both. What can I do? Because of Scarcity, everything is limited. Because our resources are limited, we have to make Choices. 1. Instead of putting an extra $3,000 in their retirement fund, Collin and Valerie decided to fly from Norfolk to Florida for a week of golf and relaxation.

Choice: ______________________________ Incentive: __________________________ Opportunity Cost: ________________________________________________________ Suggest a consequence of their choice: _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Kayla and Jacob paid their credit card debt instead of putting a down payment on a new convertible.

Choice: ______________________________ Incentive: __________________________ Opportunity Cost: ________________________________________________________ Suggest a consequence of their choice: _______________________________________________________________________ 3. Rhiana and Christi decided to go to a movie instead of studying for their Civics test.

Choice: ______________________________ Incentive: __________________________ Opportunity Cost: ________________________________________________________ Suggest a consequence of their choice: _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Mackenzie and Bradley went to the beach instead of working at the school book sale last weekend.

Choice: ______________________________ Incentive: ___________________________ Opportunity Cost: __________________________________________________________ Suggest a consequence of their choice: _________________________________________________________________________

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They’ve got it, you want it (Supply and Demand)

Everyone knows that you need money to buy stuff, but how do we decide how much things are worth? _____________ – amount of money exchanged for a good or service. ________

determines who acquires _____________ and __________________. Consumer preference and ___________ determines WHAT is purchased. Supply and demand also determines ___________.

In our economy, the forces of Supply and Demand determine price.

• _____________ means how much of an item that a producer is willing to sell at a certain price

• ______________ is how much of an item that people want to buy at a certain price

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The price is right? Predict what will happen in the following situations? ____*Coffee producers have an awesome year and grow way more beans than

usual. What will happen to the price of a coffee at Starbucks? ____*X-Box 360 is the hottest toy of the holiday season, and stores are having

trouble keeping them on the shelves. What will happen to the prices? ____*As gas prices rise, what is happening to the demand of Hybrid Cars? ____ *The two most popular teams are playing in the Super Bowl, and there is a

limited amount of seats in the stadium. What do you think would happen to the price for tickets?

____*What happens to the demand for popsicles in the winter? ____*If a store has a sale, what happens to demand? ____*If the government raises taxes, what happens to demand? ____*What happens to the demand for ammunition right after hunting season? ____* Gold prices keep going up. What would that do to the number of people who

want to go look for gold?

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__________________- is the combining of human, natural, capital, and entrepreneurship resources to make goods or provide services. Resources available and consumer preferences determine what is produced. __________________- is the using of good and services. __________________ preferences and price determine what is purchased and consumed.

CE.11b Part II “Just Pick Something Already!” Every country ______ develop an economic system to determine how to use its limited (scarce) resources. The various types of Economies around the world are determined by the amount of ____________________________. 3 Basic questions of Economics

1) ____________ products will be produced? 2) ____________ will produce those products? 3) For ___________ will those products be produced?

Every country will try to answer these questions in _____________________, but we can learn a lot about a country’s economy by comparing who makes the decisions; either the Government, or Private Businesses.

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CE.11b 4 Major economic systems

________________ Economy

• Economic decisions are based on ____________ & ________________ precedent

• People do the same type of work as their ________ (regardless of ability or potential) (EX: Inuits, America before Columbus)

_________ Economy (totally up to the consumer)

! Private (individual) ownership of _______________ and ____________________

! Desire to make a ____________ ! __________________ between business ! __________________________ – consumer choices

determine products ! Individual choice ! ________________ (very little) _________________

involvement

_________________ Economy (totally up to the government)

(This type of economy can be found in countries like ________ and _____________________ – Communist or dictatorships) ! _______ (government) ownership of property and resources ! ________________ economy (by the government) ! No _______________ (government makes choices)

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___________ Economy (mixed between consumer and the government) ! __________________ and ________________ as decision makers for

________________ (not controlled by government – people or business) ! _________________ as decision maker for _____________________

(government controlled – government services) ! _______________ government role than in free economy & _________

than in a command economy ! __________________________________________ ! Economy of the ______________.

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Economic System Proposition Paper

Which economic system do you think is the best to implement in any given country? Why do you believe this? Choose one of the four economics systems and defend why it is the best. Cite specific examples as to why it is the best, and compare and contrast it to the other three that you did not choose.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

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Unit Terms to Know Term Definition Picture

Capital

Central

Centrally-planned

Choice

Consumer

Consumer Sovereignty

Demand

Economic

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Goods

Incentives

Opportunity cost

Production

Resources

Scarcity

Supply

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UNIT STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Identify and provide an example of the three (3) types of resources used in production. CE.11a

RESOURCES EXAMPLE

2. Explain how economic decisions are made in the market place by showing the relationship of supply and demand to cost. Include the concept of “Scarcity” in your answer. (Answer in complete sentences) CE.11a 3. Using the idea of “consumer sovereignty” explain the differences between the U.S. economy (a mixed economy) and the economy of North Korea (a command economy). CE.11b & 11c

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4. The selecting of an item from a set of alternatives based on price or quality is ________________. CE.11a

A. Opportunity cost B. Incentive C. Choice D. Consumption

5. Resources are used in producing a product. Which of the following is NOT considered a resource? CE.11a

A. Capital B. People C. Natural D. Choice

6. Supply and demand determine price. Price is the amount of money exchanged for a good or a service. What are the things that motivate consumers to buy a good or a service? CE.11a

A. Incentive B. Resources C. Consumption D. Production

7. What factor is used to determine the different world economies? CE.11b

A. Consumer involvement B. Business involvement C. Government involvement D. Competition

8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic world economies? CE.11b

A. Free economy B. Command economy C. Mixed economy D. Inflated economy

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9. In which type of country would a command economy be found? CE.11b

A. Democratic B. Communist C. Bicameral D. Sub-Saharan

10. Which is NOT a characteristic of a free economy? CE.11b

A. No consumer choice B. Competition C. Individual choice D. Profit

11. In a mixed economy, the government acts as a decision maker for the _________________________. CE.11b

A. Private sector B. Individual consumer C. Public sector D. New York Yankees

12. In what type of country would a mixed economy be found? CE.11b

A. Communist B. Democratic C. Sub-Saharan D. Arctic

13. Identify the 3 basic questions of economics. CE.11b > > >

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14. Use the table to identify the characteristics of free, command, and mixed economies. (At least 3 characteristics per column!!!) CE.11b

FREE Economy COMMAND MIXED Economy > > >

> > >

> > >

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UNITED STATES

ECONOMY

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Notes

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Pre/Post Assessment Pre Post Question 1) Which type of business has one or more owners? CE.12c

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation D. Entrepreneurship

2) Which type of business is limited to the amount that an

individual invest? CE.12c A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation

D. Entrepreneurship

3) How do banks encourage people to keep their money with them? CE.12e

A. Offering toys B. Offering stocks C. Offering interest

D. Offering jobs

4) When someone purchases ownership in a business, this is called________. This means that the person owns a little part of that company. CE.12b

A. Income B. Taxes C. Stock

D. Ownership

5) This government agency protects consumers against unfair treatment, harmful marking practices, and anti-trust laws for the consumers? CE.13a

A. FCC B. FTC C. EPA

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D. FDA 6) This organization is in charge of protecting the food and drugs

that we consume in America? CE.13a A. FCC B. FTC C. EPA

D. FDA

7) Which type of organization is the most common organization to form? CE.12c

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation

D. Entrepreneurship

8) Which type of business requires a lot of start up money to begin? CE.12c

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation

D. Entrepreneurship

9) What amendment makes it legal for the United States of America government to tax its citizens? CE.13c

A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th

10) Why do we have taxes to pay for public goods and services? CE.13b

A. Would not be able to provide them if individuals had to provide them

B. Too complicated to produce C. It’s a law that we must provide these services D. Neither of these answers

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CE.12a U.S. Economic System – private individuals, businesses, and government _____________ in economic decision making (MIXED ECONOMY) Government intervenes in the economy when the benefits of a government policy for its citizens outweigh the anticipated ________

Characteristics of the U.S. economy ! Markets (buying and selling) are allowed to operate without excessive

interference from _________________(there are some regulations) (don’t confuse this with a free economy!!)

! Prices are determined by_____________ and ___________ as buyer and sellers interact in the marketplace

! __________________ – individuals and businesses have the right to

own personal property & the means to produce a product (resources)

! Profit – earnings after all ______________ have been paid (income or sales – expenses = profit)

! ________________ – rivalry between producers/sellers of goods or services result in better ________ and lower prices

! Government involvement is _______________ ! ________________________________ – consumers determine

through their purchases what goods and services will be produced. Most decisions regarding the production of goods & services are made by the _______________________ (citizens)

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CE.12c Lets Get Down To Business: Businesses and Entrepreneurs – businesses organize to make a ________________. All businesses want to earn profit Profit = sales – expenses When businesses organize, they are thinking about two things: Profit and Risk. If the business does well and makes a profit:

• the more owners there are, the more people the money needs to be split up between

If the business does poorly and loses money: • then having more owners can help spread out the loss so no one owner looses

that much money

Three (3) basic types of business organization

________________________ – one owner; takes all the risks and all the profits

Common in small town shops/restaurants Ex: __________________________

________________________ – two or more owners – share risks and profits Family Businesses Ex: __________________________

____________________– multiple owners - business organization that acts as a __________________________, regardless of the number of owners. Owners share profits. Risk is limited only to the investment dollars made. People can buy parts of the business by purchasing _________ Usually big companies that do a lot of business and want to spread out their risk. Selling stock also brings in money that can help the people running the businesses expand.

Ex: __________________________

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_______________ __________________ _________________

Which business type does each of these pictures represent?

Which of the 3 kinds of business do you think these are? Proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation

McDonalds Restaurant _____________________ Randy’s Hardware ________________________ Allen, Allen, and Allen Law Firm __________________________ Wal-Mart ________________________ Valley Lawn Service __________________________ Sanford and Son Golf business ______________________ Apple Computers ______________________ You and your brother’s car dealership ______________________ Your sister’s hair salon ___________________________

___________________

• Person who takes a risk to produce goods and services in search of a profit

• May establish a business according to any of the three types of business organizations mentioned above

Proprietorship Partnership Corporation Steve Jobs was an entrepreneur when he helped found Apple Computers. Some of his products include some of the first home computers, the IPod, and the IPhone.

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One word or phrase in each group does not belong. Find the word and cross it out. Then write a sentence that tells how the other words are alike. 1. turns an idea into a product takes risks stocks can succeed or fail _________________________________________________________________ 2. two or more people have a contract stockholders share expenses and profits __________________________________________________________________ 3. one owner most common business shared risk easy to start __________________________________________________________________ 4. low taxes owned by stockholders produces goods and services efficiently hires others to works __________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary –Matching Match each term with the correct description. _____ 1. corporation a. a business owned by one individual _____ 2. nonprofit organization b. charities and cultural programs _____ 3. partnership c. legal responsibility for something, costs or damages _____ 4. sole proprietorship d. shares of ownership in a business _____ 5. stocks e. business owned by two or more individuals _____ 6. liability f. licensed by state governments & owned by shareholders Identification -- Categorizing Write the appropriate letter for the type of business in each scenario below. S - sole proprietorship P - partnership C – corporation _____ 1. Barack and Hillary own a coffee shop together called “He said/She said.” _____ 2. Mr. Bowyer wins the lottery, and opens his own Harley Davidson shop. _____ 3. Best Buy is popular and gets a license from the state to sell Best Buy stock. _____ 4. Mr. Krabs is the owner of The Krusty Krab. _____ 5. Napoleon likes tater tots, so he invests $50.00 to buy shares of Ore-Ida. _____ 6. Tiger Woods, Tom Brady, and Venus Williams open a sporting goods store together.

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Business Organizations Paper

Choose one of the 3 basic types of business organizations (proprietorship, partnership, corporation) and explain the advantages and disadvantages of it. Give at least five advantages and five disadvantages of the business organization. What makes these advantages and disadvantages different from the other business organizations? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

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CE.12d Resources, goods and services, and money _________ continuously among households, businesses, and markets in the U.S. economy.

A ______________________________ of money shows how consumers, businesses (producers), markets, and government interact with each other ___________________________ (Circular Flow)

! Savings and investments by individuals (households/consumers) and businesses provides financial _________________(money) to borrow for business expansion & increased consumption

! Individuals (households) own ___________ used in production, sell resources (labor, etc.) and use income to purchase products

! Businesses (producers) buy resources (human, natural, and capital) to make products sold to individuals; businesses use profits to buy more resources

! Governments use ____________ from individuals and businesses to provide public goods and services (schools, parks, police, Armed Forces, roads, etc)

Circular Flow Model

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Study the circular flow model and answer the questions in the spaces provided.

1. What do businesses provide government?____________________________________ 2. What do businesses receive from government?________________________________ 3. What do households provide businesses?____________________________________ 4. What do businesses provide households?____________________________________ Write business, government, or household on each line. ___________________________ 1. Earns income and purchases goods and services. ___________________________ 2. Provides services and collects taxes. ___________________________ 3. Collects taxes and uses labor. ___________________________ 4. Supplies labor and makes payments. ___________________________ 5. Pays taxes and provides goods and services.

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CE.12e Banks ___________________________________ act as intermediaries (go-betweens) between savers and borrowers and encourage _________________ and __________________. They move funds from savers to borrowers (individuals, households, & businesses).

**Banks, savings and loans, and credit unions**

! Receive ________________ and make ___________ ! Pay interest on deposits as an incentive to __________

(Interest – money paid for the use of money)

Example: We put our savings in the bank. Banks use our savings to loan money to someone to buy a car. The person buying a car pays the bank loan back with _________________. The bank then pays us ______________ for allowing them use our money for those car loans

CE.12f Global Economy – Virginia and the United States pursue (try to get) international trade (trade with other countries) in order to increase wealth ($$$$$) Global Economy – _________________________________ in which the buying and selling of goods and services by ALL nations takes place

Reasons states & nations trade with one another ! To get goods and services they cannot produce or produce efficiently ! To buy goods and services at a lower __________________________ ! To sell goods and services to other countries ! To create _________

Why would you give your money to a complete stranger to “hold” for you?

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Virginia and the U.S. specialize in the production of certain goods and services which promotes ___________________ and ________________ for the Virginia and U.S. economy.

Impact of _________________ innovations (inventions and improvements) ! Contributes to the global flow of information, capital, goods and services ! Use of technology lowers the cost of _________________

VIRGINIA TOP EXPORTS (2007) PRODUCT $ AMOUNT (US) TOP DESTINATIONS

Integrated Circuits 2,334,398,471 Portugal, Singapore, Taiwan Coal 1,147,216,024 Canada, Italy, Brazil

Tobacco 887,841,357 Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany Gas Turbines 663,825,864 United Kingdom, Germany, France

Paper 425,386,320 China, Mexico, Germany

TOP 5 DESTINATIONS FOR VIRGINIA GOODS (2007) RANK COUNTRY $ AMOUNT (US) CHANGE FROM 2006

1 CANADA $ 2,755,548,551 +4.08% 2 CHINA $ 1,103,749,465 +17.09% 3 UNITED KINGDOM $ 1,099,388,323 +35.83% 4 GERMANY $ 961,985,928 -39.42% 5 PORTUGAL $ 897,071,210 +344.09%

Source; exportvirginia.org

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CE.13a Competition in the marketplace

Government promotes & regulates marketplace competition ! Enforces _______________________________ to

discourage monopolies ( _________ – a group of businesses that controls the market and can eliminate competition & fix prices)

! Engages in global trade (trade with foreign countries) ! Supports new business start-ups

Government agencies that regulate business & oversee the way individuals

and companies do business ! FCC (_______________________________________) – radio & TV, etc. ! EPA (______________________________________) – waste, water, air ! FTC (_______________________________) – buying, selling, employees

1) Which agency would it be?

a) list of words you can’t say on the radio __________ b) sets rules for selling stocks _________ c) regulations for clean water _________ d) decides what channels for a TV station ______ e) approves pesticides ___________ f) enforces minimum wage laws ________

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CE.13b Government provides __________________________ that individuals and businesses could not provide for themselves efficiently

Characteristics of most _________________________________ provided by the government

• Provides benefits to many citizens at the same time • Probably would not be available if individuals had to provide them

Examples: Interstate highways, postal service, and national defense (Army, Navy, and Coast Guard, etc.)

Ways the government provides public goods and services

! ____________ ! ____________________ ! __________ (park entrance fees)

CE.13c Government _________, _________________, and ____________ in order to influence economic activity

Taxes • Tax increases reduce funds available for individual and business spending (people and

business reduce spending & save money) When the gov’t ________ taxes there is _________ money available for people and businesses to spend and save. This slows down economic growth,

• Tax Decreases – increase funds for individual and business spending (people and business increase spending)

When the gov’t ________ taxes there is _________ money available for people and businesses to spend and save. This speeds up economic growth.

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Borrowing • Increased government borrowing reduces funds available for borrowing by individuals

and businesses – less borrowing by people and business means less spending

When the gov’t _______________ borrowing there is _________ money available for people and businesses to borrow and spend. This slows down economic growth.

• Decreased government borrowing increases funds available for borrowing by individuals

and businesses – more borrowing by people and business means more spending

When the gov’t ________________ borrowing there is _________ money available for people and businesses to borrow and spend. This speeds up economic growth.

Spending • Increased government spending – increases demand – increases prices – may increase

employment and production – may result in higher taxes When the gov’t spends ________ money, they need to _____________ taxes or borrow ______ to pay for it. Both of these may speed up the economy.

• Decreased government spending – decreases demand – slowing of the economy – may result in lower taxes – more consumer spending

When the gov’t spends ________ money, they can _______ taxes or borrow ______. Both of these may speed up the economy.

_________________________ to the Constitution gives Congress the power to _________________________ (individuals and businesses)

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CE.13f Government creates currency, coins, & additional forms of money _____________ – anything that is generally accepted as a method of payment for goods & services Coins & currency issued by the government is accepted by people because of the _______________ in the government

3 types of money used in the U.S. • ___________ • _______________________________________ (currency) • _____________________ in bank accounts accessed by check

and/or debit cards

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CE.13d ____________________________ acts as our nation’s central bank

The Federal Reserve System is THE ________________ OF THE U.S. Federal Reserve is a “bankers bank”

! issues _______________, makes loans to banks, protects our nation’s banks

! The Federal Reserve works to keep the U.S. economy _______

Duties of the Federal Reserve System (the FED)

• Maintain the value of our currency (dollar) • Regulate _________

• Ensure the safety of _______________ • Ensure the soundness of the banking system • Set the _______________ for the money banks borrow

• Manages the amount of money in the economy to try & keep inflation low & the economy stable

• Acts as the Federal Governments bank

There are 12 branches of the Federal Reserve across our country. Each dollar has a letter corresponding to one of the Federal Reserve banks.

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CE.13e The U.S. government passes laws and creates ___________________ to protect ____________________ rights and ______________________ rights Individuals have right of private ownership

• Protected by ______________ – enforceable by governmental law Government agencies help protect public health and safety

• Establish _________________– laws and/or recommendations

Consumers can take legal action against violations of their rights by filing a law suit in ____________ court

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CE 14 a,b,c,d,e,f Career Opportunities & Financial Responsibilities of Citizens

• Skills, talents, interests, aspirations, and education are needed for careers

• Changes in _____________________ can influence abilities, skills, and education needed in the marketplace

• Education is important to the ____________________ responsibilities of citizens

! Career planning starts with ___________________________ ! Employers want workers with a strong work __________ (attitude &

behavior) ! Higher skills and/or higher education lead to

higher incomes ! Supply and demand influence job income ! Employers want individuals who keep pace with

technology (changes and skills) ! ___________________ advances create new jobs ! Flow of information & technology create jobs across

borders ! Creates competition with foreign workers for American jobs ! Creates opportunity for U.S. workers to work in other countries

Being a responsible manager of personal finances

! Making good spending decisions ! Having _______________ ! Investing for the future (savings accounts, IRAs, etc.) ! Keeping a ________________ ! Using credit wisely (avoiding high debt) ! Understanding warranties, contracts and guarantees as a protection

for the consumer

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Unit Terms to Know Term Definition Sentence

Budget

Circular Flow

Corporation

Deposit

Expenses

Global

Income

Inflation

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Investment

Monopoly

Partner

Private Sector

Profit

Proprietor

Public Goods

Public Sector

Public Services

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Reserve

Revenue

Risk

Tax

Trust

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Unit Study Guide

1. Using the circular flow diagram, what do households receive from business firms in return for the work they provide as employees? CE.12b 2. According to the circular flow diagram, what does government receive from both households and businesses which helps government pay for goods and services to help its citizens? CE.12b 3. Explain how a business figures its profit. CE.12a 4. Provide an example of how the government protects the health and safety of the average citizen. CE.13e 5. Explain in complete sentences the influences that the advancement of technology has on jobs in the workplace? CE.14 6. Explain the reason(s) our government issues currency. CE.13f 7. Why is the Federal Reserve Bank referred to as the “bankers bank?” CE.13d

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8. Use the table to identify and explain the characteristics of the U.S. economy. CE.11c

Characteristics of the U.S. Economy – MIXED ECONOMY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. Explain why Virginia and the United States trade with other nations of the world? (Answer using all 4 reasons!) CE.12d 10. Identify the three (3) government agencies that regulate business by name and their three letter designation. CE.13a

>

> >

11. What are the three (3) types of money used in the U.S.? CE.13f

1 –

2 –

3 -

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12. Explain how the use of technology can impact the market of goods in a global economy. CE.12d 13. List three (3) examples of public goods and services given in your study guide and add one from your experience or from your classroom discussion. (***Remember, public goods and services are supplied by the government.) CE.13b

> > > >

The government uses ________________ to pay for the

public goods and services it provides for its citizens. 14. In complete sentences explain the effects of a tax increase on individuals and businesses. CE.13c 15. In complete sentences explain the effect of decreased government borrowing on individuals and businesses. CE.13c

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16. Which government agency is responsible for issuing currency? CE.13f 17. Which of the three types of business ownership reduces risk to only the investment that is made and has multiple owners? CE.12a

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation 18. Which of the three types of business ownership has more than one owner and each owner shares the risk and profit? CE.12a

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation 19. Which of the three types of business ownership is Exxon Mobil Oil? CE.12a

A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation 20. Using which of the three types of business ownership could an entrepreneur establish a business? CE.12a A. Proprietorship B. Partnership C. Corporation D. All of the above 21. Which of the following examples is probably NOT an example of a corporation? CE.12a

A. Dell B. Jones Produce C. Hewlett-Packard D. Adidas

22. In the circular flow of money, where does business get its money for expansion? CE.12b

A. Savings from individuals B. Government taxes C. Sale of government bonds D. Bake sales

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23. In the circular flow of money, which group owns resources that are sold for production? CE.12b

A. Individuals B. Businesses C. Markets D. Government

24.TRUE or FALSE Machines used to make a product are considered capital resources and are bought with the profits from the sale of products. CE.11a & 12b 25. TRUE or FALSE The Dayton Learning Center was paid for by the government of Rockingham County after taxing its citizens and local businesses. CE.13b 26. An intermediary is a go-between. A bank could be considered a go-between or intermediary between a saver and a ____________. CE.12c

A. creditor B. victim C. defendant D. borrower

27. Banks and savings and loans pay ________ on savings accounts as an incentive for depositors to save money. CE.12c

A. a bounty B. a fine C. interest D. a bonus

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28. Of the four types of financial institutions, which one sells ownership in other companies, known as stock, as an investment? CE.12c

A. Banks B. Securities brokerages C. Savings and loans D. Credit unions

29. The United States trades with other countries like Canada and Mexico because ____________________________. CE.12d

A. we have all we need and we want to spread it around B. we want to be wealthy (have lots of money) C. we want to buy products at a higher price D. we don’t have the workers to produce it ourselves

30. Countries trade with each other because ______________. CE.12d

A. it creates jobs B. they get goods and services they cannot produce on their own C. they get goods and services at a lower cost D. all of the above

31. TRUE or FALSE Using technology lowers the cost of production and contributes to the flow of information around the world; i.e. the worldwide web (internet). CE.12d 32. How does the government promote marketplace competition? CE.13a

A. Supports new business B. Passes laws to make it hard on new business C. Does not trade with other countries preferring to keep trade here in the

U.S. D. Allows monopolies

33. A government agency which would regulate the amount of smog entering the earth’s atmosphere would be the ___________. CE.13a

A. FEMA B. EPA C. FTC D. FDA

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34. A government agency that would regulate digital transmission of radio waves would be the ______________________. CE.13a

A. FEMA B. FTC C. FDA D. FCC 35. A supervisor at Starbucks who took a share of his employees tips might have to answer to the ____________________. CE.13a

A. FEMA B. FCC C. FTC D. EPA 36. What is NOT an example of a public good and service? CE.13b

A. Car insurance B. A school bus C. A baseball field at Broadway Town Park D. Stop light at the intersection of North Main St. and Broadway Avenue

37. How does the county government provide the funds to pay the salaries of the sheriff’s deputies? CE.13b

A. Car washes B. Bake sales C. Taxes D. Raffle tickets

38. How does the county government provide the funds to pay for the new East Rockingham High School? CE.13b

A. Car washes B. Bake sales C. Raffle tickets D. Borrowed funds

39. Which is NOT a way the U.S. government influences our economy? CE.13c

A. Taxes B. Borrowed funds C. Spending money D. Going to sleep

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40. When the government increases taxes on its citizens __________________________. CE.13c

A. People tend to spend more money B. People tend to spend less money C. Business will spend money and expand D. More funds will be available

41. When the government decreases the amount of money it borrows _______________________________. CE.13c

A. people will borrow and spend B. businesses will save money and not spend C. people will save their money D. less money will be available to the public

42. When the government decreases its spending ______________________________. CE.13c

A. the economy speeds up B. taxes go higher C. demand is increased D. the economy slows down

43. The _________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave the U.S. Congress the right to tax our income every April 15th. CE.13c

A. 5th B. 10th C. 14th D. 16th

44. What does the Federal Reserve NOT do as a part of its job to keep the economy of the U.S. stable? CE.13d

A. Issue currency B. Set interest rates C. Make loans to private citizens D. Make loans to banks

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45. Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of currency used in the U.S.? CE.13d

A. Dollars B. Credit cards C. Checks D. Quarters