1. Blood Vessels and Lymph fluidJorge Melo

2. Recap- blood lets play tabooGroups of twoOne facing the whiteboardOther facing the Audience 3. Blood Plasma 4. PhagocytosisYOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO MENTION WHITEBLOOD CELLS, LEUKOCYTES ANDLYMPHOCYTES 5. Biconcave shapeYOU ARE NOT ALLOWEDTO MENTION RED BLOODCELLS 6. BloodYou are not allowed to mentionRed Blood Cells and WhiteBlood cells 7. leucocytesYOU ARE NOT ALLOWEDTO MENTION RED WHITEBLOOD CELLS 8. ErythrocyteYOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TOMENTION RED BLOOD CELLS 9. Anaemia 10. clotting 11. Haemophilia 12. Leukaemia 13. HaemoglobinYOU ARE NOT ALLOWEDTO MENTION REDBLOOD CELLS 14. LymphocytesYOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TOMENTION WHITE BLOODCELLS 15. Platelets 16. Aim: Explore the structures and functionsof blood vessels Objectives List different types of blood vessels Describe the different structures of blood vessels List properties of the lymph and tissue fluid 17. Introduction Cardiovascular system The heart The blood vessels Double circulation 18. Double circulatory system For each circuit- blood passes through the hear twice Blood Heart ( Pressure) Lungs (capillaries)( Pressure) Heart ( Pressure) Body 19. Single circulation Chambered heart 20. Organs arranged in parallelrather in series If it was in series blood would loose pressure, oxygen and nutrients Any damage, would interrupt the whole circulation 21. Portal vessel Blood vessel which links2 organs (neither theheart) Liver and gut linked inseries Advantage: Liver acts as a filter to maintain relatively constant composition 22. Blood Vessels Intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. Types of Blood Vessels:ArteriesVeinsCapillaries 23. Arteries Arteries are elastic vessels that transport blood awayfrom the heart. Thick muscle layer control the flow of blood No valves 2 types: pulmonary (lungs) and systemic 24. Arteries 25. Where do we find them? Near the heart Large Carotids Subclavian Far away from theheart More smoothmuscle Similar structure 26. Arterioles From the arteries Blood enters in arterioles Only endotheliumwrapped round by a fewmuscles fibres 27. Sphincters Circular muscle fibres Prevent blood from flowing into the capillaries Regulation 28. Capillaries Extremely small Blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, that transportsblood from arteries to veins Most abundant in tissues and organs that are metabolically active. Muscle tissues and the kidneys have a greater amount of capillarynetworks than do connective tissues. 29. Capillaries 30. Structure of Capillaries No muscle No elastic No valves Thin layer of cells only 4- 10 um diameter Blood flow 1 mm/sec 31. Venules Blood from capillaries drains into thevenules Walls: thin layer of collagen fibres Tough Inelastic 32. Veins A vein is an elastic blood vessel that transports bloodfrom various regions of the body to the heart. Thin muscle layer Valves 4 main types: pulmonary, systemic, superficial, anddeep veins. 33. Veins 34. Semi-lunar Valves The blood has enough pressure to force the valves open as it flows towards the heart. Backflow of blood causes the valves to close. 35. ARTERYVeinThick muscle layerThin muscle layerThick elastic layer Thin elastic layerNo valves Valves Capillary No muscle No elastic No valves Thin layer of cells only 36. Recap 37. Tissue fluid When blood passes through the capillaries Capillaries work as a net So it retains: RBCs Platelets Plasma proteins Water liquid which resembles plasma minus itsproteins 38. Tissue fluid 39. Lymph Not all of the tissue fluid returns to the blood capillary. About one-tenth of it enters a separate system of capillariescalled the lymph capillaries. These are part of the lymph system. Lymph capillaries have tiny valves that allow the tissue fluid toenter but will not let it out again. Once inside the lymph system, the tissue fluid is called lymph. 40. Lymph What is the difference between tissue fluid and lymph? They both consist of plasma minus the large plasmaproteins. But it is largely a matter of where they are found. Tissue fluid surrounds the tissue. 41. Lymph Lymph is found only in the lymph system. Is a milky looking fluid. The tiny lymph capillaries join up to form lymph vessels. These have a structure very similar to veins. They have thin walls and semi-lunar valves. The flow of lymph is very slow. 42. Lymph It relies upon pressure from nearby muscles, the action of valves and the negative pressure in the chest when we breathe in. Unlike blood, lymph is transported in one direction only. From tissues towards the heart. 43. Lymph The smaller lymph vessels join up to form two large lymph vessels. These empty the lymph into the subclavian veins, under the collar bone. Here the lymph mixes with the blood before joining the vena cava just before it enters the heart. 44. Lymph It contains fats absorbed by the lymph capillaries in the villi ofthe small intestine. These lymph capillaries are called lacteals. The wall of lymph vessels are more permeable than the walls ofblood capillaries, so large molecules such as fats can passthrough them. At intervals along the length of the lymph vessels are structurescalled lymph nodes, these have an important part to play in thebodies defence system. 45. Lymph This is where lymphocytes are produced. They have an important role to play in producingantibodies. Lymphocytes are released from the lymph nodes and findtheir way into the blood. The lymph nodes often swell up of you have an infection. 46. Lymph 47. Quiz1. What are the different types of blood vessels?2. Which ones come away from the heart?3. Which ones go to the heart?4. Which type of vessel can you feel the pulse in?5. What is the name of the vessel that you feel the pulse in in your wrist? 48. Answers1. What are the different types of blood vessels? Arteries, veins, capillaries2. Which ones come away from the heart? Arteries3. Which ones go to the heart?Veins4. Which type of vessel can you feel the pulse in?Arteries5. What is the name of the vessel that you feel the pulse in in your wrist? Radial (Artery) 49. Have a look at this http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/eliot/technology/les sons/cir_sys/index.htm