You Gotta Have Heart The Circulatory System. Circulatory System Consists of… Blood Vessels Blood...

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You Gotta Have You Gotta Have Heart Heart The Circulatory System The Circulatory System

Transcript of You Gotta Have Heart The Circulatory System. Circulatory System Consists of… Blood Vessels Blood...

Page 1: You Gotta Have Heart The Circulatory System. Circulatory System Consists of… Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Blood Blood Heart Heart.

You Gotta Have HeartYou Gotta Have Heart

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

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Circulatory System Consists Circulatory System Consists of…of…

Blood Blood VesselsVessels

BloodBlood

HeartHeart

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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS

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Two PathwaysTwo Pathways

Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation– Carries blood to lungs and backCarries blood to lungs and back

Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation– Carries blood to body and backCarries blood to body and back

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Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

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Your Blood Vessels: Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation

3 types of vessels3 types of vessels– ArteriesArteries– CapillariesCapillaries– VeinsVeins

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Artery vs. VeinArtery vs. Vein

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Arteries:Arteries:carries blood carries blood Away from heartway from heart

– LargeLarge– Thick-walled, MuscularThick-walled, Muscular– ElasticElastic– Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

Exception Pulmonary ArteryException Pulmonary Artery

– Carried under great pressureCarried under great pressure– Steady pulsatingSteady pulsatingArteriolesArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue: smaller vessels, enter tissue

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CapillariesCapillaries

– Smallest vesselSmallest vessel– MicroscopicMicroscopic– Walls one cell thickWalls one cell thick– Nutrients and gases diffuse hereNutrients and gases diffuse here

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Veins:Veins:Carries blood to heart

– Carries blood that Carries blood that contains waste and COcontains waste and CO22

Exception pulmonary veinException pulmonary vein

– Blood not under much Blood not under much pressurepressure

– ValvesValves to prevent much to prevent much gravity pullgravity pull

VenulesVenules: larger than : larger than capillariescapillaries

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Varicose VeinsVaricose VeinsDamaged Valves in VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins

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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

BLOODBLOOD

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What is Blood?What is Blood?

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The BloodThe Blood

Body contains 4-6 Body contains 4-6 LL

Consists of Consists of – WaterWater– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlasmaPlasma– White blood cells White blood cells

and plateletsand platelets

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Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

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Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

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Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

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Parts of the BloodParts of the Blood

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Your Blood: Fluid TransportYour Blood: Fluid Transport

a Tissuea Tissue 50% 50% waterwater 4% dissolved 4% dissolved

substancessubstances

Liquid Portion Carries Liquid Portion Carries Blood cellsBlood cells

– Erythrocytes (RBC - red Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)blood cells)

– Leucocytes (WBC - white Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells) blood cells)

Platelets (non cellular particles)Platelets (non cellular particles) ProteinsProteins

– Enzymes Enzymes – Hormones – Endocrine SystemHormones – Endocrine System

Nutrients - Digestive SystemNutrients - Digestive System Gases - Respiratory SystemGases - Respiratory System Inorganic saltsInorganic salts

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Oxygen in the BloodOxygen in the Blood

Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin, iron containing iron containing moleculemolecule

Loosely picks Loosely picks up oxygen in up oxygen in the lungsthe lungs

Loses oxygen Loses oxygen in areas low in in areas low in oxygen oxygen (diffuses)(diffuses)

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Carbon Dioxide in the BloodCarbon Dioxide in the Blood

Hemoglobin carries COHemoglobin carries CO22 also also

COCO2 2 is a waste product of is a waste product of cellular workcellular work

70% of CO70% of CO2 2 combines with combines with water water

The rest travels to the lungsThe rest travels to the lungs

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What does blood contain?What does blood contain?

50% Water50% Water 45% Erythrocytes45% Erythrocytes 4% Plasma with 4% Plasma with

SubstancesSubstances 1% Leukocytes + 1% Leukocytes +

PlateletsPlatelets

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Erythrocytes (RBC)Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters ofTransporters of

– OxygenOxygen– Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

RBCRBC– Lack a nucleusLack a nucleus– Contain hemoglobinContain hemoglobin– Disk-shapedDisk-shaped

RBC are produced in red RBC are produced in red bone marrow of bone marrow of – ribs, ribs, – humerus, humerus, – femur, femur, – sternum, and other long bonessternum, and other long bones

Lives for 120 daysLives for 120 days Old RBC are destroyed in Old RBC are destroyed in

liver and spleenliver and spleen

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Leukocytes (WBC)Leukocytes (WBC)

WBC fight infectionWBC fight infection– Attack foreign Attack foreign

substancessubstances Less abundantLess abundant Large cellsLarge cells Some live for Some live for

monthsmonths– Most just a few Most just a few

daysdays Several typesSeveral types ALL contain nucleiALL contain nuclei

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PlateletsPlatelets

PLATELETS are for CLOTTING PLATELETS are for CLOTTING bloodblood

Cell fragmentsCell fragments Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow Short life span (1 week)Short life span (1 week) Fibrin (sticky network of protein Fibrin (sticky network of protein

fibers)fibers)– Form a web trapping blood cellsForm a web trapping blood cells

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Blood Clotting

Break in Capillary Wall

Blood vessels injured.

Clumping of Platelets

Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..

Clot Forms

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

HEARTHEART

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Your Heart: The Vital PumpYour Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart At REST, the heart pumps about 5 pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a QUARTS of blood a minute.minute.

During EXTREME During EXTREME EXERTION EXERTION (exercise) it can (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a pump 40 quarts a minute.minute.

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Heart:Heart:Structure and FunctionStructure and Function

Keeps blood Keeps blood movingmoving

Large organ Large organ composed of composed of – cardiac muscle, cardiac muscle, – rich in mitochondriarich in mitochondria– Enclosed by a sac Enclosed by a sac

PERICARDIUMPERICARDIUM

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The Structures of the Heart

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Inferior Vena CavaVein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

Tricuspid ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle

Pulmonary ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary VeinsBring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium

Superior Vena CavaLarge vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium

AortaBrings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Pulmonary ArteriesBring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Aortic ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta

Mitral ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle

Left Ventricle

Septum

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Structure of Heart (cont)Structure of Heart (cont)

Four chambers Four chambers – Two upper (Atria)Two upper (Atria)

Walls thinnerWalls thinner Less muscularLess muscular

– Two lower Two lower (Ventricles)(Ventricles) Walls thickerWalls thicker More muscularMore muscular Do more workDo more work

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Blood Flow Through the Blood Flow Through the HeartHeart

©COPY 1997 HeartPoint©COPY 1997 HeartPoint

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Bloods Path Through the Bloods Path Through the HeartHeart

Both Atria fill at same timeBoth Atria fill at same time

– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cavafrom body from vena cava

– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary from lungs through four pulmonary veinsveins

After filled with blood atria contract, After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventriclepushing blood into ventricle

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Both ventricles contractBoth ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, toward lungs,

against gravity, against gravity, through pulmonary arteriesthrough pulmonary arteries

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Left ventricle contracts and forces Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood oxygen rich blood out of heart through out of heart through aorta (largest vessel)aorta (largest vessel)

Bloods Path Through the Heart Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)(cont)

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Control of the HeartControl of the Heart(Nervous System)(Nervous System)

Medulla oblongata regulates rateMedulla oblongata regulates rate Sensory cells stretch when too fastSensory cells stretch when too fast Pressure drops when beat is too lowPressure drops when beat is too low

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Heartbeat RegulationHeartbeat Regulation

Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)(pulse)

Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atriumright atrium

Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contractcontract

Triggers 2Triggers 2ndnd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contractthey contract

EkG – record of electrical changes in the heartEkG – record of electrical changes in the heart

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Sinoatrial (SA) node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Conducting fibers

Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles

The Sinoatrial Node

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Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Blood against the blood vessel’s Blood against the blood vessel’s wallswalls– The systolic pressure refers toThe systolic pressure refers to

the pressure recorded while the ventricles the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood.pump the blood.

– The diastolic pressure refers to The diastolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill

with blood.with blood.

A normal blood pressure is 120/80A normal blood pressure is 120/80

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DISORDERSDISORDERS

ATHEROSCLEROSISATHEROSCLEROSIS– Fatty deposits called plaqueFatty deposits called plaque– Builds up in walls of arteriesBuilds up in walls of arteries– Obstructs flowObstructs flow– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks

flow elsewhereflow elsewhere

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Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)

HypertensionHypertension– High blood pressureHigh blood pressure– Hearts works harder than necessaryHearts works harder than necessary– Increases risk of heart attack or strokeIncreases risk of heart attack or stroke

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Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)

Heart AttackHeart Attack– Atherosclerosis in coronary arteryAtherosclerosis in coronary artery– Heart muscle begins to dieHeart muscle begins to die

SymptomsSymptoms– NauseaNausea– Shortness of breathShortness of breath– Severe chest painSevere chest pain

IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARYIMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY

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Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)

StrokeStroke– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels

leading to brainleading to brain– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygenBrain cells die due to lack of oxygen

Or blood vessel burstOr blood vessel burst

– Can lead to paralysis, Can lead to paralysis, loss of ability to speakloss of ability to speak deathdeath

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Current PREVENTION Current PREVENTION RecommendationsRecommendations

Regular exerciseRegular exercise Weight controlWeight control Well balanced dietWell balanced diet Do not smokeDo not smoke Diet low in Diet low in

saturated fatsaturated fat

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Blood TypesBlood Types

Massive loss of blood requires a Massive loss of blood requires a transfusiontransfusion

Four TypesFour Types– AA– BB– ABAB– OO

Inherited from your parentsInherited from your parents

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Blood TypesBlood Types

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What happens when you mix What happens when you mix blood types?blood types?

Plasma contains proteins Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape that correspond to the shape of the different antigensof the different antigens

If you mix one type with the If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get wrong one, you get CLUMPINGCLUMPING

Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal Type AB is the universal

acceptoracceptor

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What Makes Our Blood What Makes Our Blood Type?Type?

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Blood Type of Donor

A

B

AB

O

Blood Type of Recipient

A B AB O

Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

Blood Transfusions

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Rh FactorRh Factor

Rhesus factor (Rh), also inheritedRhesus factor (Rh), also inherited– RhRh++ (have antigen) (have antigen)– RhRh- - (NO antigen)(NO antigen)

Can cause complications in Can cause complications in pregnanciespregnancies– mother Rhmother Rh-- 1 1stst baby Rh baby Rh++ : blood mixes : blood mixes

with mother; mother’s body makes anti-with mother; mother’s body makes anti-RhRh++ antibodies antibodies

– 22ndnd Rh Rh ++ body attacks baby body attacks baby– Now have medicine to prevent antibody Now have medicine to prevent antibody

formationformation