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Gender EqualityEquality Toolkit

CIDA China China Program

GENDER EQUALITY TOOLKIT

CIDA CHINA PROGRAM

Canadian International Development Agency

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)200 Promenade du PortageGatineau, Quebec K1A 0G4Canada

Telephone:819-997-5006 1-800-230-6349 (toll-free)For the hearing- and speech-impaired:819-953-5023 1-800-331-5018 (toll-free)

Fax: 819-953-6088Website: www.cida.gc.caE-mail: [email protected]

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2007

Catalogue No: CD4-47/2007EISBN: 978-0-662-46645-1

Printed in Canada

Cover photos: All photos, except 6 and 13: CIDA/Roger LeMoyne6: CIDA/Pat Morrow13: Courtesy, Judge Jean-Guy Thibodeau(L’Université de Montréal)

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Table of Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Key definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Canada and China are committed to gender equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Project cycle and gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Tool 1: Checklist for using CIDA’s Policy on Gender Equality to make a project more gender-aware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Tool 2: What to expect from a specialist and a non-specialist on gender equality . . . . . . . . . 9

Tool 3: Making the case for gender equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Tool 4: How to assess whether gender equality has been covered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Tool 5: Tool for reporting on gender equality: examples of gender equality results . . . . . . . . 16

Tool 6: Engendered Logical Framework Analysis (LFA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Tool 7: Gender equality assessment of stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Tool 8: Gender-sensitive indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Tool 9: Guidelines for project gender equality strategies: lessons from experience . . . . . . . . 25

Resources and references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

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Acronyms and abbreviations

ACWF All China Women’s FederationCDPF Country Development Programming FrameworkCEA Canadian Executing AgencyCEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against WomenChEA Chinese Executing AgencyCIDA Canadian International Development AgencyCP Concept PaperEA Executing AgencyEPR End of Project ReportGAD Gender and DevelopmentGE Gender EqualityJPSC Joint Project Steering CommitteeLFA Logical Framework AnalysisMOA Ministry of Agriculture (China)MOFCOM Ministry of Commerce (China)MOLSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security (China)MOU Memorandum of UnderstandingNGO Non-governmental OrganizationNWCCW National Working Committee on Children and Women (China)ODA Official Development AssistancePAD Project Approval DocumentPIP Project Implementation PlanPMF Performance Measurement FrameworkPPR Project Performance ReportPTL Project Team LeaderRBM Results-Based ManagementRFP Request for ProposalsTOR Terms of ReferenceTOT Training of TrainersWID Women in DevelopmentWTO World Trade OrganizationWUA Water User Association

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Key definitions

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Gender is not just about women!

Gender equality is not just about women, it is about addressing existing relationsbetween men and women, gender roles and barriers to gender equality as an integralpart of a project. Gender equality allows for the recognition that men and womenoften have different social, political, legal, and economic realities (in addition tothose that they share in common). It does not necessarily mean the project or itscomponents will focus uniquely on women (or men), although targeted approachesare sometimes necessary in order to reduce existing inequalities.

Gender and sex

CIDA policy on genderequality*

Country DevelopmentProgramming Framework(CDPF)

Gender equality as a cross-cutting theme

Sex identifies the biological difference between men and women; genderidentifies the social relations between men and women. It therefore refers notto men and women but to the relationships between them, and the way theseare socially constructed. Gender relations and roles are context specific andchange in response to altering circumstances.

The objectives of the Policy on Gender Equality are:

• to advance women’s equal participation with men as decision-makers inshaping the sustainable development of their societies;

• to support women and girls in the realization of their full human rights;and

• to reduce gender inequalities in access to and control over the resourcesand benefits of development.

This document establishes areas of development cooperation between Chinaand Canada. It can be found on the Internet at: http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/china-framework

Gender Equality will be emphasized in all programming, and specific measureswill be supported to ensure gender equlity results are achieved.

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Gender mainstreaming

Gender analysis

Gender assumptions

Gender equality and equity

Participatory development

Sex disaggregated data

This is a process whereby relevant gender equality dimensions are integrated inthe overall project or program, and where gender equality goals are soughtthrough the use of tools such as gender analysis and through both gender-integrated and gender-specific programming.

Over the years various gender analysis tools have been developed to seekanswers to the following questions:

1) Who (women/men) does what in this community/institution/organization?2) What resources do they use to fulfill their roles?3) Who has access to what resources?4) Who controls the use of these resources?5) Who benefits? Who does not?

Note: Asking these questions at different stages of the project helps us tounderstand the impacts of programming on women and men and ensures thatdevelopment results are delivered.

Our understanding of what women and men do in various communities/institu-tions/organizations is often based on our experience in a different context.There are assumptions about gender roles. The danger is that because genderroles differ from place to place and change over time, we might wastedevelopment resources by, for example, providing agricultural training to menin a context where women carry out the tasks. This is where gender analysiscan provide up-to-date information and challenge inaccurate assumptions.

The CIDA Policy on Gender Equality identifies equity as the means, and equalityas the desired result, of development programming. Gender equity refers to theprocess of being fair to both women and men, while gender equality meansthat they enjoy the same status and conditions for realizing their full humanrights and potential to contribute to development and are both able to benefitfrom the results.

It is a process through which the women and men most affected by CIDA’sdevelopment programming participate in determining both the means and theresults of that programming. Participatory development is not necessarilyachieved only by having large numbers of people attend meetings andtrainings; rather, opportunities in which women and men can themselves actas agents of change need to be facilitated.

They are data that are stratified by sex, thus facilitating our understanding ofthe different situations for women and men.

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Women in Development(WID) and Gender andDevelopment (GAD)

These approaches to development preceded the current thinking on genderequality. WID focused exclusively on including women and resulted in projectsand activities directed only to women. GAD approaches are based onunderstanding the gaps that exist between the resources and opportunitiesavailable to women and men, and of the attempts to bridge those gaps. TheGAD approach forms the methodological foundation for CIDA’s currentcommitment to gender equality.

* The full text of CIDA’s Policy on Gender Equality can be found at: http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/equality-policy

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CIDA CHINA PROGRAMGender Equality Toolkit

Welcome to the CIDA China ProgramCountry Development ProgrammingFramework: Gender Equality ImplementationPackage

March 2007

The China Gender Equality Implementation Packageis a guide to integrating gender equality principlesinto the work of the Canadian International Develop-ment Agency (CIDA) China Program. It is designedto bridge the current China Country DevelopmentProgramming Framework 2005-2010 and CIDA’s Policyon Gender Equality (March 1999). It has been createdto ensure the realization of the CIDA China Program’scommitment to gender equality as a strategicprogramming approach:

“Gender equality as a cross-cutting themewill be emphasized in all programming, andspecific measures (e.g. gender-relatedprojects and analysis) will be supported toensure gender equality results are achievedrelated to the CDPF objectives.”

China Country Development Programming Framework 2005-2010

As a cross-cutting theme, the results of genderequality are to be explicitly and systematicallyintegrated into all programming in CIDA’s five keycorporate sectors.

The China Gender Equality Implementation Packagedoes not provide specific and separate expectedresults for gender equality. Rather, this Package isintended to guide users on how to integrate genderequality considerations into all aspects and allphases of programs and projects, in order to do two things:

• realize a vision of how the expected results ofthe Framework can be achieved and enhanced bytaking into account current gender equality issuesand trends in China, and by increasing equalitybetween women and men, girls and boys; and

• ensure that the gender equality results that CIDAand the CIDA China Program are committed to areachieved, in the context of current Frameworkobjectives.

This Implementation Package is the product of aprocess of research and consultation involvingChinese and Canadian program partners; Chineseofficials and gender equality experts—e.g. scholarsand researchers, and NGOs. The resulting analysissupports a vision of how the expected results of theCDPF can be achieved, and enhanced, by taking intoaccount current gender equality issues and trends inChina, increasing equality between women and men,girls and boys, and diminishing the gaps betweenthem.

Introduction

© CIDA/Roger LeMoyne

This package is intended for use by CIDA staff andby Canadian Executing Agencies and their Chinesepartners, and has been designed for flexibility andease of use. Read it in its entirety and then, asneeded, pull out the sections that are relevant toyour work. New sections may be added in the futureso if you see the need for a new tool or section, letus know.

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Focus on Results

CIDA’s current approach to gender equality isto focus on gender equality results; in otherwords, results that contribute to reducinginequality between women and men, boys andgirls. We are mainly concerned about actualchanges in gender inequalities as program orproject outcomes. The bottom line is, werethere actual improvements relating to equalitybetween women and men? CIDA has developeda Framework for Assessing Gender EqualityResults (2005) in order to track its progress.This document can be found on CIDA’s Internetsite at:http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/GenderEquality3/$file/GE-framework.pdf

© CIDA/Pat Morrow

“We in China have made gender equality a basic state policy.”

Jiang Zemin, speech to the Fourth WorldConference on Women, Beijing, 1995

China and Canada share the same goal: to promotethe full equality of women and men in terms oftheir economic, social and political rights. In Chinathis is enshrined in the Constitution of the People’sRepublic of China and in Canada it is enshrined in

the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This commoncommitment and both countries’ key policies andprograms supporting gender equality (GE) providedevelopment programmers with all the neededjustification for ensuring programs and projectscontribute to greater gender equality. Key Canadianand Chinese commitments on GE are outlined in thetable below.

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Canada and China are committed to gender equality

INTERNATIONAL

CEDAW (Convention on theElimination of All Forms ofDiscrimination againstWomen)

Beijing Platform for Action

1979—Canadaand China


• to incorporate the principle of equality of men andwomen in their legal system, abolish all discriminatorylaws and adopt appropriate ones prohibitingdiscrimination against women;

• to establish tribunals and other public institutions toensure the effective protection of women againstdiscrimination; and

• to ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination againstwomen by persons, organizations, or enterprises.

Identified areas of action: 1) poverty, 2) education, 3) health,4) violence against women, 5) armed conflict, 6) womenand the economy, 7) decision making, 8) institutionalmechanisms, 9) human rights, 10) mass media, 11) womenand the environment, and 12) the girl child.

Gender EqualityCommitment

Date Key Gender Equality Undertaking

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NATIONAL

Millennium DevelopmentGoals


1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, 2) achieveuniversal primary education, 3) promote gender equality andempower women, 4) reduce child mortality, 5) improvematernal health, 6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and otherdiseases, 7) ensure environmental sustainability, 8) developa global partnership for development.

CIDA’s Policy on GenderEquality

2001–2010 Program for theDevelopment of ChineseWomen

CIDA China Program CDPF

1999

2000—China

2005–2010 CIDAand MOFCOM

Identifies that gender equality must be considered as anintegral part of all CIDA policies, programs, and projects.

Focusing on six priority areas for improving women’s status:1) the economy, 2) decision making and management,3) health, 4) education, 5) law, 6) environment.

Gender equality as a cross-cutting theme will be emphasizedin all programming, and specific measures (e.g. gender-related projects and analysis) will be supported to ensuregender equality results are achieved related to the CDPFobjectives:

• to contribute to human rights, democratic development,and good governance in China through cooperationfocusing on the rule of law, including legal, judicial,governmental, and legislative institutions, and standardsand requirements of international instruments to whichCanada and China are party; and

• to promote environmental sustainability in China throughsupport for Chinese efforts to manage environmentalissues in rural western regions of China by enhancing thecapacity of China’s land resource management systems.

Gender EqualityCommitment

Date Key Gender Equality Undertaking

JOINT

Project cycle checklist for Executing Agencies

This section lists the recommended gender equalityroles of Executing Agencies at various stages of theproject cycle.

Project Implementation Plan (PIP)

• Ensure that the PIP includes a gender equalitystrategy that further elaborates the expectedresults and indicators from the LogicalFramework Analysis (LFA).

• Ensure that the analysis is based on existingsex-disaggregated data, or that mechanisms forcollecting such are put in place.

• Ensure that the LFA expected results statementsand indicators, as well as the PerformanceMeasurement Framework indicators, are gendersensitive.

• Ensure that the LFA contains gender equalityexpected results at the outcome/output.

• Ensure that the PIP identifies adequate resourcesto implement the gender equality strategy andachieve gender equality results.

Joint Project Steering Committee (JPSC)

• Ensure the Project Progress Report tabled at theJPSC includes reporting on progress made inimplementing the project gender equality strategyand achievement of gender equality results.

• Invite the project’s Gender Equality Specialist orthe Post Gender Equality Advisor to give apresentation on issues relevant to the project.

Annual work plans

• Review the Canadian Executing Agency (CEA) workplans to ensure that gender equality activitiesare fully integrated as per the PIP and the projectgender equality strategy.

• Ensure the CEA is allocating sufficient resources(human and financial) to implement the genderequality strategy and achieve gender equalityresults.

• Include a gender equality section in the table ofcontents.

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Project cycle and gender equality


Monitors’ reports: evaluations

• Ensure that all reporting by CEAs and China EAsuses sex-disaggregated data.

• Ensure that gender equality issues reported on bya monitor are addressed by the CEA and ChEA.

• If needed, commission a mid-term genderequality review to assess progress on achievingresults and to make recommendations to thegender equality strategy.

Quarterly/semi-annual project progress reports

• Ensure that gender equality results and issuesare reported as an integral part of reporting onproject results.

• Include a gender equality section in the table of contents.

• Ensure the gender equality section highlightsactual project/program experience on genderequality (not just plans!), and outlines theresults and lessons learned.

Project/Program Performance Report (PPR)

• Ensure the main results sections highlightsactual project results on gender equality.Additionally, the main results section shouldalso state how the project has contributed toone or more of the Agency’s corporate genderequality results, related to equal participation ofwomen; realization of women’s and girls’ humanrights; and reduced inequalities in access to,and control over, resources and benefits.

End of Project/Program Report (EPR)

• Ensure consistent reporting on LFA/performancemeasurement framework gender equality resultsby using gender-sensitive indicators to illustratechange.

• Ensure the inclusion of a thorough analysis ofthe gender equality strategy with respect to itsappropriateness as a measure to help achievegender equality results.

• Ensure that the Asia Branch Gender EqualitySpecialist, or designate, reviews the EPR.

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Planning tools for project analysis and design 6, 7, 8

Recruitment tools for writing terms 2of reference and evaluating gender competence

Implementation tools for integrating 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 gender equality in projects

Communication tools for promoting 3, 9 gender equality results

Toolkit for Gender Equality

In the Toolkit for Gender Equality, you will find the following tools:

Tool 1: Checklist for using CIDA’s Policy on Gender Equality to make a project more gender-aware.

Tool 2: What to expect from a specialist and a non-specialist on gender equality.

Tool 3: Making the case for gender equality.

Tool 4: How to assess whether gender equality has been covered.

Tool 5: Tool for reporting on gender equality: examples of gender equality results.

Tool 6: Engendered Logical Framework Analysis (LFA).

Tool 7: Gender equality assessment of stakeholders.

Tool 8: Gender-sensitive indicators.

Tool 9: Guidelines for project gender equality strategies: lessons from experience.

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Tools

If you need... ...look for tools

This checklist is a simple set of key questions tohelp you put on a “gender lens” when approachingany of the China project issues, at any time in theproject cycle. These questions are meant to tweakyour thinking, to help you see the gender forestthrough the project detail trees. They are organizedinto three groups according to CIDA’s threecorporate gender equality results:

1. More equal participation of women with menas decision makers in shaping the sustainabledevelopment of their societies

• Do both women and men have a say indecisions made about this project? Are womenallowed to speak for themselves or do othersrepresent them?

• Has planning for these project activitiestaken into account the needs and realities ofwomen and men?

• Are the partners who will implement activitiesin direct contact with men and womenparticipants, stakeholders, and beneficiaries?

2. Women and girls more able to realize their fullhuman rights

• Are there any relevant barriers in this projectto women (including minorities) seekingequal treatment?

• How can this project be used to promote theequal rights of women and girls?

• Are there any gender-specific rights violations(such as violence against women and girls ordiscriminatory practices) that could beaddressed in the context of this project?

Is there scope to use relevant articles fromthe Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of Discrimination Against Women, andto facilitate its implementation?

3. Reduced inequalities between women and menin access to and control over the resources andbenefits of development

• Do men and women benefit equally from theproject in terms of addressing inequalities? Ifnot, are there ways to close this gap?

• Are the project’s activities and expectedresults appropriate for both women and men?Could either end up worse off?

• Are there gender equality differences ineligibility to receive project inputs andbenefits (e.g. open to household members vs.household heads; educational requirementsthat discriminate against women)?

• If project components disproportionatelytarget male participants, are there meaningfulways that we can close the existing gendergap?

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Tool 1 - Checklist for using CIDA’s Policy on Gender Equality to make this project more gender aware

The following lists make suggestions on what youshould be able to expect development professionalsto know about gender equality, even if theirspecialties are something else, and for whichaspects you need to turn to a specialist.

It is appropriate to require that a developmentprofessional be able to:

• identify whether or not women and men haveequal access to training opportunitiesprovided by the program;

• identify how women and men participate inthe program sector;

• identify the distribution of salaries andpositions in the program sector;

• demonstrate gender sensitivity in interactionswith both women and men, and, whennecessary, advocate for gender-sensitiveapproaches (See Tool No. 4: Making the Casefor Gender Equality);

• demonstrate support to gender-equalityactivities at all stages of interventionplanning, implementation, and evaluation;

• identify issues or activities for whichadditional gender support is required; and

• facilitate the participation of women andgender-equality advocates in any project-related consultations (e.g. research, focusgroups).

It is appropriate to require that a gender equalityspecialist be able to:

• identify constraints or supports affectingparticipation by women and men in specificeconomic, cultural, social, or other activities;

• carry out stakeholder analysis, includinganalysis of how policies meant to protectgender equality are made;

• facilitate the development of gender-sensitiveplanning and implementation;

• facilitate the development of gender equalitystrategic objectives, results, indicators, andpolicies for programming;

• analyze sectoral policies, documents, and legalframeworks for their gender impacts;

• identify and analyze existing gender supportin a program area and sector; and

• expand the use of gender analysis to a broadersocial analysis, taking into consideration othersocially and culturally determined factors suchas age, class, or ethnicity, using appropriatetools and methodologies.

(Based on Vainio-Mattila, Arja (1999) Navigating Gender: Aframework and a tool for participatory development. 60p.Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland.)

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Tool 2 - What to expect from a specialist and a non-specialist on gender equality

Here are some of the key responses that can begiven when the relevance of the gender dimensionin any given project is questioned. This tool isdivided into two parts:

1. reasons for integrating gender equality, and 2. a table providing responses to statements that

neglect gender equality

IT’S IMPORTANT TO INTEGRATE GENDER IN THISPROJECT BECAUSE:

Gender equality is one of both China’s andCanada’s stated goals and basic policies; it isalso part of both countries’ internationalcommitments.

China’s constitution states that men and women areequal and are equally entitled to education, healthcare, inheritance and property, political participa-tion, and employment. Most laws include a clausestipulating that women and men are to be treatedequally.

In Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedomsrecognizes that men and women are equal and have

an equal right to protection and benefit, withoutdiscrimination.

The China Program for the Development of ChineseWomen aims to improve the status of women acrossa broad range of social and economic sectors. In1980, China and Canada ratified the UN Conventionon the Elimination of All Forms of DiscriminationAgainst Women. China hosted the 1995 WorldConference on Women; Canada and China endorsedthe Beijing Platform for Action and participated inthe UN’s Beijing +5 and +10 conferences.

All signatories are responsible for monitoring andreporting to the UN on the implementation of thesecommitments and on the progress made in a numberof gender equality indicators. Furthermore, bothcountries have endorsed the Millennium Develop-ment Goals, including the goal to promote genderequality and empower women. By ensuring a projectcontributes to a reduction in existing genderinequalities, CIDA is assisting China in reaching itsown goals and fulfilling domestic and internationalcommitments.

Gender equality is not only about socialequity; it’s about economic efficiency andeffectiveness.

Gender equality contributes to economic productiv-ity and growth. As the World Bank’s research reportEngendering Development states: “By hindering theaccumulation of human capital in the home and thelabour market … gender discrimination diminishesan economy’s capacity to grow and to raise livingstandards.”

There is a strong business case for mainstreaminggender in development projects. Summarized from theWorld Bank’s 2002 strategy entitled Integrating Genderinto the World Bank’s Work: A Strategy for Action:

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Tool 3 - Making the case for gender equality


• Gender equality promotes economic growththrough the levers of labour productivity and theallocative efficiency of the economy – thishappens as a result of investment in humancapital, investment in physical capital, andimproved functioning of markets and institutions.

• The main linkages between gender and growththrough human capital are:

� improved employment opportunities andhigher incomes for women and their families;

� the ability to adopt new technology andrespond to economic change;

� intergenerational effects on child schooling;� intergenerational effects on child health and

survival;� lowering the rate of population growth; and� empowerment of women.

• The main linkages between gender and invest-ments in physical capital and improvedfunctioning of markets and institutions are:

� reduction of time poverty created by poorinfrastructure;

� improved productivity through access toproductive assets and resources;

� improved use of income and capital, e.g.women will tend to invest more in theirchildren’s education and health;

� more efficient allocation of labour; and� improved quality of governance.

However, it is important to note that economicdevelopment is not the sole determinant of women’sstatus, and that, therefore, addressing economicdevelopment will not automatically address women’sinequality. We need to refer to experiences such asthe World Bank’s to demonstrate that women needto be considered with, and in relation to, men inorder for development to reach its full potential.

When we address the gender dimension, theproject is better tailored to the different needsand realities of women, men, girls and boys,

there is a more optimal participation ofwomen, men, girls and boys, and projectbenefits are more equally distributed.

Men and women are often responsible for differenttasks in the household and in the economy. Theirneeds are not always identical. They don’t face thesame barriers when they try to increase theircapacity, productivity, and income. And in somecases, their goals and aspirations can be dissimilar.A household is not necessarily a homogeneous unit;income and assets are not automatically sharedequitably. The experience of CIDA and other donorsin China and elsewhere shows that when we arespecific about including women as decision makersand participants, men and women share moreequitably in the opportunities of the project and its results.

Cultural sensitivity does not preclude action ongender equality.

Cultures are not static. They change in response tothe economic and social environment and in responseto the actions of individuals and groups in society.Development initiatives are by their nature aboutchange. Within any partner country there will bemany views on how cultural values are to beinterpreted. Women’s status in a society is definedwithin a cultural context. Raising women’s status insociety may include demonstrating, with the help ofdata, the key constraints to women’s participation orshowing how institutional rules and regulations donot favour women’s participation. For example, thetime of trainings may not be convenient for womenbecause of other tasks they are expected to carry out.

While these socially constructed attitudes generallyimpact negatively on women, there can be negativeeffects for men and boys such as the pressure thateldest sons bear for supporting their parents; theworking conditions of male migrant workers; andthe barriers to education for some boys who arepressured to withdraw from school. Research for this

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toolkit highlighted the need for greater analysis andresearch on the topic.

The table on the next page (adapted from the CIDAdocument Questions about Culture, Gender Equalityand Development Cooperation) provides someconstructive responses to statements that aresometimes encountered when talking with partnersabout gender equality.

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How do you ensure women’svoices are heard?

� Consult women and men in separatestakeholder groups wherever possible.

� In mixed groups, ensure that there areopportunities for giving everyone time tospeak.

� Ensure consultations include scholars and/orNGOs that are focused on gender equality.

� Ensure your team includes both women andmen – but more importantly, that they aregender aware and therefore will look forwomen to talk to, and will listen attentively to what they say.


- Have ready studies and statistics on existing gender gaps or discriminatorypractices in the relevant sector or geographic area, and emphasize thatmore needs to be understood in this sector and in this location.

- Use your own mission’s findings, studies, and statistics that demonstrate“women” are not homogeneous, that many have different needs, views,etc., and more needs to be explored scientifically.

- “That may be true, but we feel the issue deserves to be assessed andaddressed…”, and outline how you suggest making progress to explore this.

- You want to shift from activities that focus solely on women tomainstreaming: “We think the best way to reach this project’s goals is tointegrate the gender dimension in the project; the results we’re trying toreach have to do with men, women, girls and boys, not women alone.”

- Ensure gender equality results are built into the LFA at the output andoutcome levels and that the partner reports on them regularly. Ask aboutthe results during JPSCs and hold the partner accountable for the agreed-upon actions.

- Research may be needed, etc. but things can be done in the interim.Propose some next steps to implement the project’s gender strategy andset a deadline when certain actions must be reported back to you.

- Come back to the ‘why’ of gender integration in projects and the businesscase for gender and development.

- Plan for key partners and members of the leading group to take part inproject-specific gender training workshops.

- Don’t undermine this woman; instead, ensure she gets ample capacity-building opportunities, defer to her in discussions, and build alliances withother stakeholders.

– Look for potential allies and champions. Men can take on the role ofgender expert too. Look for men to carry the gender message duringmeetings, study tours, etc.

“Men and women are alreadyequal!”“This project will help women asmuch as men – there’s no need topay attention to this.”

Taking an anecdote andgeneralizing: “All farm women…”,“What women want in this areais…”, “What women need hereis…” or speaking for women.

“Something should be done, so whydon’t we have a component (small)of the project for this and have awomen’s organization handle it?”

Expresses agreement, but thendoesn’t take the necessary actionsto make gender integrationhappen.

Stating that “in-depth studies areneeded”, or that “recruitment hasfailed to drum up any qualifiedwomen”, or that “once the nextthing is done, we’ll get right to it”.

Refers everything having to dowith gender equality to thewomen’s organization.

Making the one woman on theleading group or in the projectteam responsible for genderequality.

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Examples Constructive Responses

A gender analysis should be part and parcel of theproject’s analytical assessment. The findings shouldalso be integrated into the overall project analysis,as well as the other specific analyses required, e.g.capacity analysis and socio-economic analysis. Thegender analysis should identify and assess genderequality data and issues in the specific context ofthe project. The gender analysis will provide therationale for the gender equality results in theproject’s Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) and forthe project’s gender equality strategy. The findings of the gender analysis should be used to help developthe project’s expected results and indicators.

A project gender analysis deals specifically with thenational, provincial, and local context. It also dealsspecifically with the sub-sector(s) relevant to theproject. However, in general the following keyelements should be covered in the gender analysis:

Identification and analysis of the followinggender-differentiated, project-related issues:

• priorities of male and female stakeholdersregarding the project (goals, desires, wishes);

• problems or constraints the project shouldaddress for the stakeholders (needs, weak-nesses), with commonalities and differencesbetween men and women outlined;

• strengths that male and female stakeholdersbring to the project (assets, capacities, enablingenvironment – cultural, social, political,administrative, institutional, legal, etc.); and

• threats to the project (sex-differentiated risks,barriers to participation or benefit, disablingenvironment – cultural, social, political,administrative, institutional, legal, etc.)

Identification of current project-related gender gaps

• in roles and workload (activities and/orseasonal profiles for stakeholders, in terms ofgender roles and task assignment for bothincome-producing and household activities);

• in project-related employment;

• in income (wages or self-employed income);

• in access to resources (training, services,inputs, land, capital, credit, farm assets, etc.);

• in control over resources;

• in decision making (in the household, thevillage, the enterprise, the government unit);and

• in social /community roles and participation.

Assessment of the capacity of partners(government units, enterprises, organizationssuch as the Women’s Federation; educationalinstitutions, etc.) to achieve gender equalityresults, including the

• capacity of the organization to do genderanalysis of its own programs, consideringdesign, implementation approaches andresults achieved, and to monitor whether it isserving women and men equitably;

• general attitude and responsiveness to theidea of greater integration of gender equalityobjectives in the area addressed by theproject;

• existence of “champions” or advocates forgender equality;

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Tool 4 - How to assess whether gender equality has been covered

• relative position of men and women in theorganization (by level of authority anddecision making, skill, access to training andpromotion, pay scale and benefits); and

• capacity of the organization to monitorwhether or not employment practices areequitable.

Entry points for gender equality integrationinclude:

• opportunities offered by the project to reducesome of the identified gaps and promote greatergender equality – with a sketch of measures,activities, or guidelines to ensure greater genderintegration (the project gender strategy shouldprovide greater details on this). See Tool 9;

• discussion of probable differentiated impactsof the project on women, men, girl and boystakeholders, in the household, on the farm(or in the unit or enterprise), and in the com-munity, e.g. gender-differentiated distributionof benefits and potential negative impacts;

• constraints and risks, and opportunity costsrelated to the integration of gender equalityin the project, with a brief discussion ofmitigation measures (greater detail is in thegender strategy). See Tool 9; and

• an outline of key project-related sex-disaggregated data obtained during appraisaland preparation studies; an outline of proposedgender equality results and indicators for theproject; and an outline of strategies to collectand compile data needed for monitoring andreporting on the gender equality results.

15



CIDA’s Policy Framework requires the Agency todemonstrate the explicit and systematic integrationof gender equality throughout all projects andprograms.

Accordingly, as you report on your project’s actualresults, including on gender equality, we would alsoask that you state in the Results sections of yourProject Performance Report (PPR) how the projecthas contributed to one or more of the Agency’scorporate gender equality results, namely:

• more equal participation of women with men asdecision makers in shaping the sustainabledevelopment of their societies;

• women and girls more able to realize their fullhuman rights; and

• reduced inequalities between women and men inaccess to, and control over, the resources andbenefits of development.

These results are further elaborated, with illustrativeexamples, in the table below. This table has beentaken from CIDA’s Framework for Assessing GenderEquality Results, a tool developed to conduct acorporate assessment of CIDA’s progress in supportof gender equality results.

Furthermore, as in previous years, additionalinformation on progress can be included in thegender equality section of the PPR. This couldinclude information on operational measures takento achieve gender equality results and on how thesemeasures have contributed to achieving genderequality results in the project. Operational measurescould include: i) preparation and implementation ofa project gender equality strategy; ii) genderequality sensitization and/or training of partnersand beneficiaries; and iii) recruitment of technicaladvisory services specializing in gender equality.

For more information on developing indicators,consult Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring andEvaluation System, published by the World Bank,available at the following web address:http://www.preval.org/documentos/00804.pdf (PDF document, 264 pages)

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Tool 5 - Integrating gender equality in project/program performance reports, and examples of gender equality results


CIDA GENDER EQUALITY RESULTS CATEGORIZATION(from CIDA’s Framework for Assessing Gender Equality Results)

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1. Decision making

More equal partici-pation of womenwith men as decisionmakers in shapingthe sustainabledevelopment of theirsocieties.

1.1 Capacity for public participation.Increased capacity of women and women’sorganizations for advocacy and forparticipation in public life and decisionmaking.

1.2 Representation among decisionmakers. Increased representation of womenin democratic processes and in decision-making positions in the partner institution,target sector, and partner community.

1.3 Household and individual decisionmaking. More equal power relationsbetween women and men at the householdlevel; increased decision-making capacityof individual women.

� Women’s strengthened knowledge or skills (e.g. inadvocacy, negotiation, or management) forparticipation in democratic or community-management bodies.

� Increased capacity or effectiveness of women’sorganizations to advocate for and to representwomen’s views.

� Strengthened women’s organizations or networks. � Strengthened dialogue between women’s organiz-

ations and government authorities.� More supportive environment for women’s

participation in public life and decision making in communities or institutions and among malecolleagues.

� Increased influence of women and women’sorganizations in the community and in publicdecision making.

� Increased number/proportion of women indecision-making positions in (depending on theproject objectives):� the partner organization (not the project itself)� the target sector� the partner community� as candidates for public office

� Increase in independent decision making bywomen on matters such as voting and mobility.

� Increase in shared decision making at thehousehold level on matters such as expenditure,activities, etc.

Gender Equality Results

CIDA’s corporate Elements of this result that could be result � addressed in a project �

ILLUSTRATIONS of the types of results that would fall ineach category (that is, illustrations of the way in which aproject or other investment could contribute to particulargender equality results)

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2. Rights

Women and girlsmore able to realizetheir full humanrights.

2.1 Legal system. Strengthened promotionand protection of the human rights of girlsand women in law and the actions ofpolice, prosecutors, judges, and courts.

2.2 Public awareness. Increased knowledgeand recognition by the general public(women and men) and decision makers ofthe human rights of women and girls.

2.3 Response to gender-specific rightsviolations. Improved services andmechanisms responding to gender-specificconstraints on rights or rights violations(e.g. violence against women and girls,trafficking of women and girls, sexualviolence in conflict zones).

� Increased use of Convention on the Elimination ofAll Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)in national law.

� Formulation of legislation on key gender equalityissues: e.g. land rights, violence, discrimination inemployment.

� Elimination of legal barriers to equality (throughspecific legislation, or as part of legal reform).

� Actors in legal system (police, prosecutors, judges)more knowledgeable and able to treat womenequitably.

� Improved access by women to the legal system(legal aid, reduction of barriers to access).

� More equitable decision making in formal andinformal judicial bodies.

� Increased awareness of rights violations such astrafficking of women and girls, forced marriage,dowry, early marriage, female genital mutilation.

� Increased awareness and participation by civilsociety organizations (e.g. human rightsorganizations, development organizations) inadvocating for gender equality and women’srights.

� Awareness among women and men of laws andmechanisms protecting women’s rights; increasedparticipation by men in advocacy and the debateon gender equality.

� Increased awareness and support among decisionmakers on women’s rights and gender equalityissues; more informed debate on these issues.

� Better media coverage of gender equality andwomen’s rights and changes in public attitudesabout roles and entitlements of women and men.

� Improved provision or functioning of socialservices (e.g. shelters); responding to rightsviolations by government or civil societyorganizations.

� Strengthened policy commitments and programsto respond to gender-specific constraints on rightsand rights violations.




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3. Developmentresources andbenefits

Reduced inequalitiesbetween women andmen in access to andcontrol over theresources andbenefits ofdevelopment.

3.1 Livelihoods and productive assets.Increased access and control by womenover productive assets (land, capital andcredit, technology, skills) and increasedaccess to decent work.

3.2 Institutional capacity. Increasedcapacity of partner institutions, govern-ments, and civil society organizations todesign and implement policies, programs,and projects that reflect the priorities andinterests of both women and men.

� Increased access to credit and business supportservices.

� Increased number or competitiveness orsustainability of women’s micro enterprises,businesses, or farms.

� More equitable access by women to productivity-enhancing inputs and services (extension, skillstraining, technology).

� Strengthened women’s producer organizations.� More equitable access by women to land and land

ownership.� Increased productivity by women and increased

incomes, decreased disparity in incomes amongpopulations affected by an investment; decreasedvulnerability to destitution.

� Increased access by women to skills training,employment opportunities; increased representationof women in professional and technical fields.

� Reduced discriminatory practices against womenworkers; increased quality of employment (e.g. pay,conditions, health and safety).

� Clearer institutional responsibilities, approachesto achieving national gender equality objectives.

� Strengthened analytic skills, knowledge of genderequality issues, capacity to do gender analysis ina particular sector or public organization.

� Strengthened capacity and systems to collect andanalyze data required for gender analysis ofissues, policies, and programs.

� Increased institutional capacity to consult withwomen and men on issues and priorities or ongender equality issues.

� Increased capacity to manage for employmentequity (recruitment, training, health and safety,family leave).

� Increased effectiveness of partner organizationsor local governments in reaching and servingwomen equitably.




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3.3 Policy change. Adoption of policiessupporting gender equality by institutionsthat manage development resources andbenefits (i.e., policies responding to thedifferent priorities and interests of womenand men, girls and boys).

3.4 Well-being and basic needs. Accessby women to basic and appropriate servicesthat support well-being and quality of life.

� Economic policies: gender-equitable macro-economic policies (e.g. fiscal policies, trade,budgets).

� Poverty reduction strategies: inclusion ofmeasures directing resources to poor women ormeasures to address the gender-specificconstraints faced by poor women.

� Social policies: policies in health, education,social services, and other sectors that incorporateelements to reduce gender inequality or addresswomen-specific issues.

� Sectoral reforms: establishment of clear sectoralgender equality objectives and sector-wideimplementation mechanisms.

� Increased access for women to safety, foodsecurity, water, shelter, transport, literacy, health,education, etc.

� Increased access by women and men and boys andboys to social services and social service deliverythat responds to their different priorities andinterests.

� Increased capacity of women’s organizations todeliver services.

� Health: increased appropriateness and use ofhealth care; improved health status of women orreduced gender gaps in health status indicatorsamong the population served/reached.

� Education: increased proportion of girls andwomen at all levels; decreased drop-out rates.

� Humanitarian services: access by women toappropriate services and resources.




This is a tool to assist in integrating gender equality considerations in the project LFA. It is not a template for a separate “gender LFA”. Many questions must be addressed in an LFA. The table below provides a sample ofquestions to consider.

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Tool 6 - Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)

ProjectObjectives

ProjectOutcomes

ProjectOutputs

Is the gender dimensiontaken into account at thepolicy/national level inorder to reach long-termgender equality results?

Does the project includegender equality results i.e.,have outcomes that willcontribute to reducingidentified gender gaps orinequalities?

Is the distribution ofbenefits and resourcestaking into accountidentified genderinequalities, as well asgender roles and relations?

What measures canverify the achieve-ment of long-termgender equalityimpacts?

What measures canverify achievementof gender equalityresults?

What measures canverify that projectbenefits equitablyaccrue to women aswell as men, and todifferent groups ofwomen, and reducegender inequalities?

Are data forverifying the goal,outcomes, outputsand activities sex-disaggregated andanalyzed in terms ofgender equality?

What genderanalysis tools areappropriate?

What important external factors arenecessary for sustaining genderequality results?Are there risks associated withintegrating gender equality in theproject? If so, how can they bemitigated?Are there risks associated with notintegrating gender equality in theproject? If so, how can they bemitigated?

What important external factors arenecessary for sustaining the genderequality outcome(s)?Are there risks associated withpromoting and integrating genderequality and how can they bemitigated?Are there risks associated with notintegrating gender equality and howcan they be mitigated?

What important external factors arenecessary for achieving genderequality results at the output level?Are there risks associated withintegrating gender equality and ofso, how can they be mitigated?Are there risks associated with notintegrating gender equality and ifso, how can they be mitigated?

Performance Means ofNarrative Summary Indicators Verification Assumptions/Risks

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Activities/Resources

Are gender equality issuesclarified in the implementa-tion of the project?Are the sub-components or activities designed insuch a way as to helpachieve gender- equalityoutputs and outcomes? Are there special measuresnecessary to closeidentified gender gaps andachieve results?

ResourcesIs the contributionof women as well asmen accounted for?Are there externalresources thataccount for women’saccess and controlover resources?Are there adequateproject resourcesallocated to genderequality?

What important external factors arenecessary for achieving projectactivities, especially for ensuringcontinued involvement of men andwomen participants, particularly indecision making?Are there risks associated withintegrating gender equality? If so,how can they be mitigated?Are there risks associated with notintegrating gender equality and if so,how can they be mitigated?

Performance Means ofNarrative Summary Indicators Verification Assumptions/Risks

Adapted from: Helen Hambly-Odame. 2000. “Engendering the Logframe.” ISNAR.



Stakeholder analysis is essential in order to determine who are the main interlocutors in any project. Similarly, itis important to identify the people or groups that have an interest in the gender dimensions of the project. Thetool below outlines a two-step procedure to conduct stakeholder analysis in the gender equality context.

Step 1: Identify key gender equality stakeholders through five key questions that will help you draw up alist of the stakeholders to include in your assessment:

• Who is affected by the gender dimension of this sector/issue/program/organization?

• Who has an interest in changes to gender relations as a result of this program/issue in thissector/organization?

• Who can influence gender relations in this sector/issue/program/organization?

• Who will be affected by changes in gender relations in this sector/issue/program/organization?

• Who will support efforts towards greater gender equality, and who will work against efforts towards greatergender equality in this sector/issue/program/organization?

Step 2: Draw up a Stakeholder Matrix to guide your assessment and then summarize your findings (thesecan be validated in a workshop where these and perhaps other findings are presented to program partners andstakeholders):

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Tool 7 - Gender equality assessment of stakeholders1

Stakeholder, andparticipation or rolein the program

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 2

(etc.)

Interest of stake-holder in genderequality aspects ofthe program

Methods ofinfluencing theprogram operations’gender equalityaspects

Strengths: capacity tocontribute to genderequality results/aspects of program

Weaknesses: factorslimiting capacity tocontribute to genderequality results/aspects of theprogram

1 Adapted from both IDRC Enhancing Organizational Performance, and Vainio-Mattila (1999) Navigating Gender

This tool provides a reminder of what constitutes agender-sensitive indicator.

DEFINITION

“An indicator is an item of data that summarises alarge amount of information in a single figure, insuch a way as to give an indication of change overtime, and in comparison to a norm. A gender-sensitive indicator can be defined as an indicatorthat captures gender-related changes in societyover time.” (Beck, T. 1999. Using gender-sensitiveindicators: A Reference Manual for Governments andOther Stakeholders. London. CommonwealthSecretariat.)

WHAT IS NEEDED

1. A gender-sensitive participatory process todetermine the indicators that will be used bythe project in the context of the PMF – a keytool of CIDA’s Results-Based Management (RBM)approach. This process could involve male andfemale project stakeholders in a workshop. Theprocess would allow all stakeholders to come toa common understanding on the results to beachieved by the project and how to measure

these results.

2. Sex-disaggregated data will be required to buildmost indicators, since we will be comparing thesituation of women and girls with that of menand boys. These data, usually not available fromgovernment sources, will need to be generated aspart of the project’s Performance MeasurementFramework (PMF). The compilation of sex-disaggregated data sets usually involves collectingand presenting project-related informationseparately for men and for women. Such data arenecessary in order to measure participation ratesand distribution of benefits.

3. Indicators that will measure/monitor progresstowards achieving expected gender equalityresults, i.e. to measure progress in reducinginequalities between women and men.

4. An understanding of the validity of qualitativeas well as quantitative indicators. Qualitativeindicators usually have to do with people’sperceptions and are largely subjective. Quanti-tative indicators are numerical measurements ofchange and are largely objective. The use ofboth types of indicators allows for triangulationof findings in order to get a deeper understandingof the scope and scale of the change measuredby the indicator.

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Tool 8 - Gender-sensitive indicators


Every CIDA China Program project should have agender equality strategy, based on the genderanalysis that has been conducted and on consulta-tions with partners and stakeholders. The GenderEquality Strategy should spell out explicit guidelinesfor integrating gender equality principles in theproject and achieving the project’s gender equalityresults. Ideally, the gender equality strategy of theproject will include the following elements:

• A summary of the gender analysis outlining thegender equality issues relevant to the overallproject objectives and results and the conclusionsabout how these gender equality issues shouldbe addressed by the project.

• Clarification of the gender equality results thatthe project will aim to achieve (these should beincluded in the LFA).

• An outline of the specific approaches or activitiesthat will be taken to help achieve genderequality results, each linked to one or morecomponents of the work breakdown structure toensure implementation and impact. Dependingon the project, this could include steps oractivities such as:

� steps to achieve targets for participation bywomen (or girls),

� criteria that will be used in the selectionprocess for civil society partners or consult-ants to ensure that they have commitmentand experience on gender equality

� specific gender equality issues to be includedin the information or advocacy componentsof a project

• An outline of the performance indicators that willbe used to monitor progress toward the genderequality results specified (in addition to sex-disaggregated data on participation and benefi-ciaries) (these should be included in the PMF).

• A monitoring/report framework linked to overallproject reporting.

• A statement of the measures for implementingthe gender equality strategy, including a clearidentification of responsibility at the manage-ment level, inputs of technical expertise ingender equality, any training required for projectstaff, and financial resources to cover expertiseand training as well as project activities insupport of gender equality.

What things should be considered in developing aproject gender equality strategy? Here are somelessons learned from CIDA’s Asia Branch bilateralprojects:

• The project gender equality strategy should bedesigned as a tool to guide the integration ofgender equality concerns within the entireproject, not to create a separate, stand-alone,women’s component within the project.

• The gender equality strategy should be developedas part of project design and be more fullydetailed as part of the project’s implementationplan. It should follow from the project’s genderanalysis and a gender-disaggregated baseline.

• The gender equality strategy should addressconstraints to gender equality in the context ofthe project, and tap the opportunities/entrypoints identified in the gender analysis. It shouldfurther consider – in relation to the generalresults and purpose of the project – how theproject can contribute to CIDA’s corporate genderequality results:

� more equal participation of women with menas decision-makers in shaping the sustainabledevelopment of their societies;

� women and girls more able to realize theirfull human rights; and

25


Tool 9 - Guidelines for project gender equality strategies: lessons from experience

� reduced inequalities between women and menin access to and control over the resourcesand benefits of development.

• Initiatives outlined in the gender equality strategyshould be part of the main project. That is, theyshould not be marginal to the main projectactivities, but rather help build towards theproject’s overall expected results.

• The activities listed in the gender equality strategyshould match the work breakdown structure (WBS)for the project to ensure complementarity andlinkage.

• The budget required to fund the specificactivities of the gender equality strategy shouldbe identified in the strategy and allocated in theproject’s annual work plans and budgets.

• The LFA and ongoing project performance assess-ment should include the results and indicatorsclarified in the gender equality strategy.

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It is important to establish a clear idea of what the project istrying to achieve with respect to gender equality. It is equallyimportant to assess, plan, and budget for the actions requiredto achieve those results.


© CI

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People and Organizations

1. Gender Equality Specialists/Advisors/Consultants (Canada)

� Asia Branch GE Specialist (ex-officio memberof all project teams)

� CIDA Desk GE Focal Point (Country ProgramAnalyst or designate)

� CIDA Desk GE Advisor/Consultant(s)

� Project GE Advisor/Consultant(s)

� CIDA GE Standing Offers (consultants pre-screened by GE Division, Policy Branch)

Any of the above individuals can be consulted forsuggestions when recruiting gender equalityconsultants for design missions, monitoring, etc.

2. Gender Equality Specialists/Advisors/ Consultants (China)

� CIDA Post GE Focal Point

� CIDA Post GE Advisor

� In-China consultant roster (available fromPost GE Advisor)

3. Canadian Organizations

� Association for Women’s Rights in Development(AWID) http://www.awid.org/

� Canadian Feminist Alliance for InternationalAction/L’Alliance canadienne feministe pourl’action internationale http://www.fafia-afai.org/

� Canadian Research Institute for theAdvancement of Women (CRIAW)http://www.criaw-icref.ca/indexFrame_e.htm

� National Action Committee on the Status ofWomen (NAC) http://www.nac-cca.ca/index_e.htm

� National Association of Women and the Law(NAWL) http://www.nawl.ca/ns/en/index.html

� Statistics Canada http://www.statcan.ca/menu-en.htm

� Status of Women Canada http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/index_e.html

� Women’s Legal Education and Action Fundhttp://www.leaf.ca

4. Chinese Organizations

� All China Women’s Federation- Women Studies Institute of China

� China Women’s Development Foundation� China Women’s College� National Working Committee on Children and

Women� Rural Women Knowing All� Shaanxi Research Association for Women and

Family � Hunan Women’s Vocational University� Peking University Women’s Law Studies and

Legal Center� The Maple Women’s Psychological Counseling

Center� Tsinghua University of Gerontology Center� Renmin University Women Study Information

Center� Anti-domestic Violence Network (part of the

China Law Association)� Gender and Development in China Network� China Women Judges Association� China Women Procurate Association� China Policewomen Association� China Association of Women Entrepreneurs

4.1 Chinese Media

� China Women Daily� Capital Women Journalists’ Association of

China

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Resources and References

� China Association for Women’s Journals andPeriodicals

Internet Resources

Note: There is a wealth of interesting, useful, andever-changing resources on the web. The linksprovided here were selected either because theycontain information specifically relevant to the needsof the China Program, or because they will lead youto other useful links and resources. This tool will beupdated periodically, so please feel free to makesuggestions!

1. Resources on Gender Equality in China

General Social and Economic

� China Country Gender Review, East AsiaEnvironment and Social Development Unit,World Bank, June 2002http://www.worldbank.org.cn/English/content/gender-en.pdf

� Millennium Development Goals: China’s Progress.An Assessment by the UN Country Team inChina, Beijing, 2003.http://www.undg.org/archive_docs/3635-China_MDG_Report.pdff

� Program for the Development of Chinese Women(2001-2010). Full text in English translation:http://www.chinaembassy.org.pl/pol/wh/wh/t129196.htm

� Report of the People’s Republic of ChinaRegarding the Questionnaire on the Implementa-tion of the Beijing Declaration, the Platform forAction and the Outcome of the 23rd SpecialSession of the General Assembly on WomenIssues, (2005). (Beijing+10 Report)http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/CHINA-English.pdf

Environmental Sustainability

� Women and Environment Network

� Lu Xing, “Searching for participatoryapproaches: findings of the Yunnan PRANetwork.” PLA Notes 37, 4 - 8. London: IIED,February 2000.http://www.iied.org/NR/agbioliv/pla_notes/documents/plan_03701.pdf

� Sustainable Development Department (SD)Food and Agriculture Organization FAO), SDDimensions: Asia’s women in agriculture,environment and rural production: China.http://www.fao.org/sd/WPdirect/WPre0107.htm

Human Rights/Good Governance/DemocraticDevelopment

� UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimi-nation against Women, (CEDAW), Considerationof Reports Submitted by States Parties underArticle 18 of the Convention on the Eliminationof All Forms of Discrimination against Women,Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of StatesParties: China (Official Chinese report onCEDAW implementation, 1997).http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw20/china.htm

� UN CEDAW Committee Comments on China’sofficial report, 1999.http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports/20report.pdf

� Remarks to the Congressional ExecutiveCommission on China, Rangita de Silva-deAlwis, Director of International Programs, TheSpangenberg Group, February 24, 2003.http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/022403/silva.php

� Tamara Jacka, “My Life as a Migrant Worker”,Intersections: Gender, History and Culture inthe Asian Context.http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue4/tamara_intro.html

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2. Integrating Gender Equality in Projects - Comprehensive

CIDA resources

� Equality Between Women and Men. ContainsCIDA Gender Equality Policy, case studies,tools and resources. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/acdicida.nsf/En/JUD-31192610-JXF

� The Why and How of Gender-SensitiveIndicators: A Project Level Handbook (31 pages,242 KB) http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/Policy/$file/WID-HAND-E.pdf

� Accelerating Change: Resources for GenderMainstreaming. CIDA Technical Workshop onGender Mainstreaming, Sanut, Indonesia,February 2000.http://cida68/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/Policy/$file/Accchange-E.pdf

Some other good resources for project planningand monitoring

� Navigating Gender: a framework and a tool forparticipatory development - Department forInternational Development Cooperation, Finlandhttp://formin.finland.fi/public/download.aspx?ID=12381&GUID=%7BC49178E4-2011-451C-9CF5-8DDEDBEEF735%7D

� Paola Brambilla, Gender and Monitoring: AReview of Practical Experiences. Institute ofDevelopment Studies, BRIDGE Report 63June 2001http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/re63.pdf

� World Bank, Integrating a Gender Dimensioninto Monitoring & Evaluation of Rural Develop-ment Projects, 2001 (630KB PDF)http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/11ByDocName/IntegratingaGenderDimensionintoMonitoringEvaluationofRuralDevelopmentProjects/$FILE/IntegratingGenderToolkit.pdf

� OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) Gender Tipsheets.http://www.oecd.org/document/34/0,2340,en_2649_34541_1896290_1_1_1_1,00.html

Useful web portals and directories for genderand development

� Asian Development Bank website:http://adb.org/Gender

� OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) Gender Equality websitehttp://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34541_1_1_1_1_1,00.html

� The World Bank Gender and Developmentwebsitehttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTGENDER/0,,menuPK:336874~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:336868,00.html

� BRIDGE Briefings on Development and Genderhttp://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/

� ELDIS Gender Resource Guidehttp://www.eldis.org/gender/

� SIYANDA: Mainstreaming Gender Equality(online database of gender and developmentmaterials) http://www.siyanda.org/

� UNIFEM web site: http://www.unifem.org/

� UN-ESCAP’s web sitehttp://www.unescap.org/esid/gad/issues

� Canadian Women’s Internet Directoryhttp://www.womennet.ca/directory.php?browse&597

� WomenWatch: UN Inter-agency Network onWomen and Gender Equalityhttp://www.un.org/womenwatch/

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3. Resources on Integrating Gender Equality inProjects (CDPF Sectors)

Environmental Sustainability

� International Network of ParticipatoryIrrigation Management (PIM) – SelectedResources: PIM, Poverty and Genderhttp://www.inpim.org/leftlinks/Newsletters/N5/n5a6/view

� Licuanan, P.B., 1999, Monitoring and Evalua-tion Strategies for the Empowerment of Women,Panel IV of the High-Level IntergovernmentalMeeting to Review Regional Implementationof the Beijing Platform for Action, Economicand Social Commission for Asia and thePacific. (Includes gender-sensitive indicatorson women and the environment.)http://www.unescap.org/esid/gad/events/beijingplatform1999/licuanan.pdf

� Cordula S. Ott, Tackling Gender Issues inSustainable Land Management, Berne: Centrefor Development and Environment (CDE), 2002.http://www.cde.unibe.ch/Themes/SLM_Pubmedia_Th.asp

� Rebecca Pearl, Common Ground: Women’sAccess to Natural Resources and the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, New York: WEDO, 2003.http://www.wedo.org/files/common_ground.pdf

� United Nations Environment Program, Womenand the Environment. UNEP Policy Series, 2004.http://www.unep.org/publications/search/pub_details_s.asp?ID=31

� World Bank, Gender in Monitoring and Evalua-tion in Rural Development - A Toolkit. ThematicBrief: Sustainable Agriculture and NaturalResource Management. (Includes a projectcycle GE checklist and suggested genderindicators.)http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/0,,contentMDK:20438885~isCURL:Y~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:336682,00.html

Thematic Brief: Sustainable Agriculture andNatural Resource Management, 2001 (89KBPDF)http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/214578-1112681119394/20434008/AgNRMFactsheet.pdf

Human Rights/Good Governance/DemocraticDevelopment

� Fareda Banda and Christine Chinkin, Gender,Minorities and Indigenous Peoples MinorityRights Group International, 2004. (Discussesthe potential of international legal standardsand treaties to advocate for the rights ofminority and indigenous women.)http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=987

� Bratislava Regional Centre, UNDP, 2003,Drafting Gender-Aware Legislation: How toPromote Gender Equality in Central and EasternEurope and in the Commonwealth ofIndependent States (CIS), Bratislava: UNDPhttp://regionalcentrepacific.undp.org.fj/Files/Parliamentary%20support/Drafting%20gender-aware%20legislation%20-%20Bratislava.pdf

� Bridge Cutting Edge Pack. Gender AndCitizenship: Overview Report. Institute ofDevelopment Studies, January 2004. (Thisreport introduces broader rights and politicalparticipation as development goals, andhighlights how development actors and thecitizens they work with can make such rightsand participation a reality.)http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Citizenship-report.pdf

� Christine Chinkin, Gender Mainstreaming inLegal and Constitutional Affairs: A ReferenceManual for Governments and Other Stakeholders,Commonwealth Secretariat, Gender ManagementSystems Series, 2004.http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/uploadedfiles/%7B7712A695-36F7-4302-B422-B7AB9E05B843%7D_LegalConstitutionalAffairs.pdf

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� CIDA Gender Equality & Legal/JusticeInitiatives: In Brief Legal / Justice Initiatives- PDF, 42 KB, 2 pages http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/Policy/$file/Ceelegal.pdf

� International Women’s Rights Action Watch(IWRAW), 2003, Producing NGO Shadow Reportto CEDAW: A Procedural Guide, Minneapolis:IWRAW http://iwraw.igc.org/shadow.htm

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