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CHUYN TING ANH

PHN I: CC CHUYN

CHUYN 1

CC TH (TENSES)

1. TH HIN TI N SIMPLE PRESENT VI NG T THNG

Khng nh: S + Vs/es + O

Ph nh: S + DO/DOES + NOT + V +O

Nghi vn: DO/DOES + S + V+ O ?

VI NG T TOBE

Khng nh: S + AM/IS/ARE + O

Ph nh: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + O Nghi vn: AM/IS/ARE + S + O

T nhn bit: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently.

Cch dng:

Th hin ti n din t mt chn l, mt s tht hin nhin.

V d: The sun ries in the East. Tom comes from England.

Th hin ti n din t 1 thi quen, mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn hin ti.

V d: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.

I get up early every morning.

Lu : ta thm "es" sau cc ng t tn cng l: O, S, X, CH, SH.

Th hin ti n din t nng lc ca con ngi

V d: He plays badminton very well

Th hin ti n cn din t mt k hoch sp xp trc trong tng lai hoc thi kho biu, c bit dng vi cc ng t di chuyn.

2. TH HIN TI TIP DIN - PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Cng thc

Khng nh: S + be (am/ is/ are) + V_ing + O Ph nh: S + BE + NOT + V_ing + O

Nghi vn: BE + S + V_ing + O

T nhn bit: Now, right now, at present, at the moment

Cch dng th hin ti tip din

Th hin ti tip din t mt hnh ng ang din ra v ko di di mt thi gian hin ti.

Ex: The children are playing football now.

Th ny cng thng tip theo sau cu ngh, mnh lnh.

Ex: Look! the child is crying.

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.

Th ny cn din t 1 hnh ng xy ra lp i lp li dng vi ph t ALWAYS:

Ex: He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember -

Th ny cn c dng din t mt hnh ng sp xy ra ( tng lai gn)

Ex: He is coming tomrow

Lu : Khng dng th ny vi cc ng t ch nhn thc chi gic nh: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love. hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget,..........

Ex: I am tired now.

She wants to go for a walk at the moment. Do you understand your lesson?

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(VnDoc Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min) (ph)

3. TH HIN TI HON THNH - PRESENT PERFECT Khng nh: S + have/ has + Past participle (V3) + O Ph nh: S + have/ has + NOT + Past participle + O Nghi vn: have/ has + S + Past participle + O

T nhn bit: already, not... yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before...

Cch dng th hin ti hon thnh:

Th hin ti hon thnh din t hnh ng xy ra hoc cha bao gi xy ra 1 thi gian khng xc nh trong qu kh.

Th hin ti hon thnh cng din t s lp i lp li ca 1 hnh ng trong qu kh. Th hin ti hon thnh cng c dng vi since v for.

Since + thi gian bt u (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi ngi ni dng since, ngi nghe phi tnh thi gian l bao lu.

For + khong thi gian (t lc u ti by gi) Khi ngi ni dng for, ngi ni phi tnh thi gian l bao lu.

4. TH HIN TI HON THNH TIP DIN - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khng nh: S has/have + been + V_ing + O

Ph nh: S + Hasn't/ Haven't + been+ V-ing + O Nghi vn: Has/HAve+ S+ been + V-ing + O?

T nhn bit: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far.

Cch dng th hin ti hon thnh:

Th hin ti hon thnh tip din nhn mnh khong thi gian ca 1 hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh v tip tc ti hin ti (c th ti tng lai).

5. TH QU KH N - SIMPLE PAST VI NG T THNG

Khng nh: S + V_ed + O

Ph nh: S + DID+ NOT + V + O

Nghi vn: DID + S+ V+ O ?

VI TOBE

Khng nh: S + WAS/WERE + O

Ph nh: S+ WAS/ WERE + NOT + O

Nghi vn: WAS/WERE + S+ O ?

T nhn bit: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night.

Cch dng th qu kh n:

Th qu kh n din t hnh ng xy ra v kt thc trong qu kh vi thi gian xc nh.

CH T + NG T QU KH

When + th qu kh n (simple past) When + hnh ng th nht

6. TH QU KH TIP DIN - PAST CONTINUOUS

Khng nh: S + was/were + V_ing + O Ph nh: S + wasn't/weren't + V-ing + O Nghi vn: Was/Were + S+ V-ing + O?

T nhn bit: While, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning (afternoon).

Cch dng th qu kh tip din:

Dng din t hnh ng xy ra cng lc. Nhng hnh ng th nht xy ra sm hn v ang tip tc xy ra th hnh ng th hai xy ra.

CH T + WERE/WAS + NG T THM - ING

While + th qu kh tip din (past progressive)

7. TH QU KH HON THNH - PAST PERFECT Khng nh: S + had + Past Participle (V3) + O Ph nh: S + hadn't + Past Participle + O

Nghi vn: Had + S + Past Participle + O?

T nhn bit: after, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for....

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Cch dng th qu kh hon thnh:

Th qu kh hon thnh din t 1 hnh ng xy ra v kt thc trong qu kh trc 1 hnh ng khc cng xy ra v kt thc trong qu kh.

8. TH QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khng nh: S + had + been + V_ing + O Ph nh: S + hadn't + been+ V-ing + O Nghi vn: Had + S + been + V-ing + O?

T nhn bit: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.

Cch dng th qu kh hon thnh tip din:

Th qu kh hon thnh tip din nhn mnh khong thi gian ca 1 hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh v kt thc trc 1 hnh ng khc xy ra v cng kt thc trong qu kh

9. TH TNG LAI - SIMPLE FUTURE

Khng nh: S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O Ph nh: S + shall/will + NOT+ V(infinitive) + O Nghi vn: shall/will + S + V(infinitive) + O?

Cch dng th t ng lai:

Khi on (predict, guess), dng will hoc be going to.

Khi ch d nh trc, dng be going to khng c dng will.

CH T + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + NG T ( hin ti: simple form) Khi din t s tnh nguyn hoc s sn sng, dng will khng c dng be going to. CH T + WILL + NG T ( hin ti: simple form)

10. TH TNG LAI TIP DIN - FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Khng nh: S + shall/will + be + V_ing+ O

Ph nh: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O Nghi vn: shall/will +S+ be + V_ing+ O

T nhn bit: in the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon.

Cch dng th t ng l i tip din:

Th tng lai tip din din t hnh ng s xy ra 1 thi im no trong tng lai.

CH T + WILL + BE + NG T THM -ING hoc CH T + BE GOING TO + BE + NG T THM -ING

11. TH TNG LAI HON THNH - FUTURE PERFECT

Khng nh: S + shall/will + have + Past Participle Ph nh: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O Nghi vn: shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O?

T nhn bit: by the time and prior to the time (c ngha l before)

Cch dng th t ng l i hon thnh:

Th tng lai hon thnh din t 1 hnh ng trong tng lai s kt thc trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai.

CH T + WILL + HAVE + QU KH PHN T (PAST PARTICIPLE)

12. TH TNG LAI HON THNH TIP DIN - FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khng nh: S + shall/will + have been + V_ing + O

Ph nh: S + shall/will + NOT+ have been + V_ing + O Nghi vn: shall/will + S+ have been + V_ing + O?

Cch dng th t ng l i hon thnh tip din:

Th tng lai hon thnh tip din nhn mnh khong thi gian ca 1 hnh ng s ang xy ra trong tng lai v s kt thc trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai.

Khi ch d nh trc, dng be going to khng c dng will.

CH T + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + NG T ( hin ti: simple form)

Khi din t s tnh nguyn hoc s sn sng, dng will khng c dng be going to.

CH T + WILL + NG T ( hin ti: simple form)

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* PHN II: BI TP VN DNGI. Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.

1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.

A. has livedB. is livingC. was livingD. has been living

2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.

A. dont seeB. havent seenC. didnt seeD. hadnt seen

3. The train ______ half an hour ago.

A. has been leavingB. leftC. has leftD. had left

4. Jack ______ the door.

A. has just paintedB. paintC. will have paintedD. painting

5. My sister _____ _ for you since yesterday.

A. is lookingB. was lookingC. has been lookingD. looked

6. I ______ Texas State University now.

A. am attendingB. attendC. was attendingD. attended

7. He has been selling motorbikes ______ .

A. ten years agoB. since ten yearsC. for ten years agoD. for ten years

8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.

A. discoveredB. has discoveredC. had discoveredD. had been discovering

9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.

A. runB. runsC. was runningD. had run

10. We _______ there when our father died.

A. still livedB. lived stillC. was still livedD. were still living

11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.

A. will playB. will be playingC. playD. would play

12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.

A. shall have been workingB. shall workC. have been working D. shall be working

13. I _______ in the room right now.

A. am beingB. was beingC. have been beingD. am

14. I ______ to New York three times this year.

A. have beenB. wasC. wereD. had been

15. Ill come and see you before I _____ for the States.

A. leaveB. will leaveC. have leftD. shall leave

16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.

A. has happenedB. happenedC. had happenedD. would have been happened

17. John ______ a book when I saw him.

A. is readingB. readC. was readingD. reading

18. He said he _____ return later.

A. willB. wouldC. canD. would be

19. I have been waiting for you ______.

A. since early morningB. since 9a. mC. for two hoursD. All are correct

20. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.

A. leaveB. leftC. leavesD. had left

21. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.

A. wroteB. writesC. has writtenD. had written

22. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.

A. was readingB. wroteC. was writtenD. had written

23. I couldnt cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few days previously.

A. broke downB. has been brokenC. had broken downD. breaks down

24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.

A. tryB. triedC. have triedD. am trying

25. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.

A. he had leftB. he leftC. he has leftD. he was left

26. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.

A. hadB. had hadC. have hasD. have had

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27. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.

A. will have learnedB. will learnC. has learnedD. would learn

28. The man got out of the car, ______ round to the back and opened the book.

A. walkingB. walkedC. walksD. walk

30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.

A. finishB. finishesC. will finishD. finishing 31 Ask her to come and see me when she _______ her work.

A. finishB. has finishedC. finishedD. finishing

32. Tom and Mary ______ for Vietnam tomorrow.

A. leaveB. are leavingC. leavingD. are left

33. He always ______ for a walk in the evening.

A. goB. is goingC. goesD. going

34. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.

A. workingB. worksC. is workingD. work

35. Last week, my professor promised that he ________ today.

A. would comeB. will comeC. comesD. coming

II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D) that needs correcting.

1. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner.

ABCD

2. Jimmy threw the ball high in the air, and Betty catching it when it came down ABCD

3. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it. ABCD

4. Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one. ABCD

5. Having fed the dog, he was sat down to his own meal. ABCD

6. When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all.

ABCD

7. They are going to have to leave soon and so do we.

ABCD

8. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise.

ABCD

9. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it.

AB CD

10. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years. ABCD

11. I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer ABCD

12. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listen intently ABCD

13. I think its time you must change your way of living. ABCD

14. Roger felt the outside of his pocket to make sure his wallet is still there. ABCD

15. When Im shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadnt met for five years. ABCD

16. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant. ABCD

17. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now. ABCD

18. Some people are believing there is life on other planets. ABCD

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19. Recently, the island of Hawaii had been the subject o fintensive research on the occurrence of earthquakes. ABCD

20. Every morning, the sun shines in my bedroom window and waking me up.

ABCD

21. Well be cycled to Hoas village at this time next Sunday. ABCD

22. What will you do when your friends wont come ? AB CD

23. My friend didnt drink any beer since we came to live here. ABCD

24. We have written to each other when we were in primary school. ABCD

25. Will we go to the pop concert this weekend for a change? ABCD

III.. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one.

1. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away.

A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand.

B. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away.

C. She turned away because he waved his hand too early.

D. Although she turned away, he waved his hand.

2. My father hasnt smoked cigarettes for a month.

A. Its a month since my father last smoked cigarettes.

B. Its a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes.

C. Its a month that my father hasnt smoked cigarettes.

D. Its a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago.

3. Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.

A. The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work.

B. Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid.

C. Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work.

D. Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.

3. Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago.

A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car five years ago.

B. It has been five years when Mr. Brown bought this car

C. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years.

D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown bought this car.

4. I havent enjoyed myself so much for years.

A. Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.

B. Its years since I have enjoyed myself so much.

C. It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much.

D. It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much.

5. This is my tenth year working in this bank.

A. By the end of this year, I will work in this bank for ten years.

B. I have worked in this bank for ten years by the end of this year.

C. By the end of this year, I will have worked in this bank for ten years.

D. I had been working in this bank for ten years by the end of this year.

6. The famous actor was last seen in 2000.

A. The famous actor has not been able to see since 2000.

B. No one has seen the famous actor since 2000.

C. The famous actor didnt see anyone in 2000.

D. No one saw the famous actor until 2000.

7. I came to live here three months ago.

A. It was three months since I lived here.

B. Ive been living here for three months.

C. I lived here for three months.

D. I didnt live here for three months.

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8. She goes to the shops every Friday.

A. She goes every day to the shop but not on Friday.

B. Its not Friday, but shes going to the shops.

C. She always goes to the shops on Friday.

D. She never goes to the shops on Friday.

9. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water.

A. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water.

B. Having taken a deep breath, he dived into the water.

C. After Michael took a deep breath, he had dived into the water.

D. A & B are correct.

10. We started working here three years ago.

A. We worked here for three years.B. We have no longer worked here for three years.

C. We have worked here for three years.D. We will work here in three years.

11. Its a long time since we last went to the cinema.

A. We have been to the cinema for a long time.B. We havent been to the cinema for a long time.

C. We dont go to the cinema as we used to.D. We wish we went to the cinema now.

12. I havent finished this book yet.

A. Im still reading this book.B. I have read this book before.

C. The book Im reading hasnt finished.D. I will read this book some day.

13. He used to jog every morning.

A. He enjoys jogging every morning.B. He never fails to jog every morning.

C. He doesnt now jog every morning.D. He intended to jog every morning.

14. I have never felt happier than I do now.

A. I felt happier before.B. I feel happy now.

C. I have never felt happy.D. I have always felt happy.

15. He last had his eyes tested ten months ago.

A. He hasnt had his eyes tested for ten months.B. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then.

C. He had tested his eyes ten months before.D. He didnt have any test on his eyes in ten months.

16. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime.

A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door.

B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door.

C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door.

D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door.

17. Steve left before my arrival.

A. When I arrived, Steve had already left.B. Steve left as soon as I arrived.

C. While Steve was leaving I arrived.D. Steve hadnt left until I arrived.

18. I havent been here before.

A. Being here is a pleasant experience.B. This is the first time I have been here.

C. I have wished to be here for long.D. Before long I will be here.

19. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago.

A. I hasnt seen Rose for three years.B. I havent seen Rose three years ago.

C. I havent seen Rose since three years.D. I havent seen Rose for three years.

20. When we arrived, the children were playing Hide and Seek

A. The children played Hide and Seek and then we arrived.

B. While the children were playing Hide and Seek, we arrived.

C. We arrived at the same time the children played Hide and Seek.

D. We didnt arrive until the children played Hide and Seek.

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CHUYN 2

S HO HP GIA CH NG V NG T (SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT)

PHN I: L THUYT

Trong Ting Anh ng t phi ph hp vi ch ng c n. C th:

Ch ng s t (He, She, It,The boy, The camel,) ng t chia s t. Ex: The car was new.

Ch ng s nhiu chia ng t s nhiu Ex: The books were on the top shelf.

Ex: These women wash their clothes everyday.

Nhng ch ng trong Ting Anh khng phi lc no cng d xc nh theo s t hoc s nhiu v vy khi xc nh ch ng t cn Lu cc trng hp sau:

1. Ch ng l mt d nh ng t, ng t nguyn th h y mt mnh : ng t chi theo ngi th 3 s t.

Ex: Walking in the rain is not a good idea. Ex: To learn a foreign language is necessary.

Ex: That you get high grades in the school is very important.

2. Ch ng l mt nhm t th phi tm t chnh v chi ng t ph hp vi t

Ex:A list of new books has been posted in the library.

Ex: The shops along the mall are rather small.

3. S1 + of/ as well as/ with/ together with/ in addition to/ along with/ accompanied by/ no less than

+S2 => ng t h hp vi S1.

Ex: The professor together with his three students has been called to court. Ex: The mayor as well as his councilmen refuses to endorse the bill.

Ex: The students along with their form teacher were at the beach yesterday.

4. Ch ng l i t bt nh: one, everyone, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, anything, something, nothing, everything => ng t chi s t

Ex: Nobody is at home now. Ex: Is there anybody here?

Ex: Everything has been all right so far.

5. Ch ng kp:

a S1+AND +S2 +=> ng t chi theo ch ng s nhiu.

Ex: England, Scotland and Wales form Great Britain. Ex: EJohn and I are cousins.

Ex: The headmaster and the teacher are talking.

*But: The secretary and accountant hasn't come yet. (Mt ngi lm hai nhim v) The great doctor and 'discoverer is no more.

Whisky and soda has always been his favourite drink.

(trong trng hp 2 danh t ni vi nhau bng AND nhng chng cng ch 1 ngi, 1 b hoc 1 mn n . i vi trng hp cng ch 1 ngi th du hiu nhn bit l danh t th 2 khng c THE, cn vi b hoc mn n th ty vo ca ngi ni).

Ex: - Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.

Ex - Fish and chips make a good meal (If we think of the items as "separate", we use plural verb)

NOTE: "Each" or "every" preceding singular subjects joined by "and" takes a singular verb,

Ex: Each boy and each girl is to work independently.

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b S1+ OR +S2 =>ng t h hp vi S2:

Ex: Has your mother or father given you permission to use the car?

c Either+S1+ or + S2 V ha hp vi S2: Neither+ S1+Nor +S2

Ex: Neither the students nor their teacher regrets the approach of summer

. EACH/EVERY/EITHER/NEITHER + singular noun+ singular verb

of + plural noun / pronoun

. ALL / BOTH / FEW /A FEW/ MANY / SEVERAL / SOME + plural noun PLURAL VERB

of + plural noun / pronoun

. ALL/ SOME /LITTLE/A LITTLE +Non count noun singular verb

of+ Non count noun

6. Ch ng l danh t tp hp dng nh 1 n v =>V chi theo S s t (GROUP / JURY/ ARMY / FAMILY / CLASS /COMMITTEE / TEAM /ENEMY/ COUNCIL...)

Ex: The football team practises every day. Ex: The herd of elk is in the meadow

Ex: The family arrives together at 8. 00.

*Danh t tp hp ch tng thnh vin =>V chi theo S s nhiu.

Ex: The football team buy their own uniforms.

Ex: John has just arrived and now the family are all here.

*Cc danh t nh: the police, the milit ry, the people, c ttle, poultry, clergy,=> V chi theo S s nhiu.

Ex: The police are questioning him.

***. D nh t tp hp c hnh thnh bi by "the + djective" => V chi theo S s nhiu .

Ex: The sick need medical care and tenderness. Ex: The American people don't trust the news

****. D nh t tp hp nh FURNITURE / LUGGAGE / INFORMATION / KNOWLEDGE / TRAFFIC / EQUIPMENT / SCENERY / MACHINERY... (khng b o gi c _S vi nhng d nh t ny) => V chi theo S s t.

Ex: The furniture was more expensive than I thought. Ex: Traffic is heavy.

Ex: The traffic has increased rapidly in the downtown areas.

7. Ch ng l nhm d nh t ch s lng (khong thi gi n o lng, trng lng, th tch, s lng) =>V chi theo S s t.

Ex: Twenty-two inches is a tiny waist measurement. Ex: Fifty dollars seems a reasonable price

*Phn s/phn trm + N (s t) => V chia theo S s t.Ex: A quarter of the cake is gone.

+ N(s nhiu) => Vchia theo S s nhiu.Ex: Half of the tables are occupied.

*The majority of + N (s t) => V chia theo S s t.

+ N (s nhiu) => Vchia theo S s nhiu.

Ex: The majority of the customers are happy.

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8. Tiu sch bo, tn c qu n, t chc on th, quc gi , d vit s nhiu -> ng t chi theo S s t.

Ex: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales includes many humorous characterizations. Ex: The Malay States is now part of the Federation of Malaysia.

9. Cc danh t ch bnh tt, mn hc, mn th th o, tn nc, th : news, means, series, billiards, mathematics, species, measles, mumps, rickets, mathematics, economics,, linguistics, physics, phonetics, athletics, politics, statistics, Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Marseilles, Naples, the Philippines, the United Nations, the United States, Wales.........) => ng t chia theo S s t.

Ex: The morning news is on at 6 o'clock. Ex: Measles is sometimes serious.

10. Nhng danh t sau y lun i s nhiu (glasses, scissors (keo), pants, shorts, jeans, tongs (cai kep), pliers (kim), tweezers (nhip), eye-glasses, ear-rings......) ng t chia theo S s nhiu.

Ex: My trousers are torn . Ex: These scissors are dull.

But:- A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days.

- This pair of scissors is sharp.

11. THE NUMBER OF +N(s nhiu)=> ng t chi theo s t.

Ex: The number of road accidents is increasing.

12. A NUMBER OF +N (s nhiu) => ng t chia theo S s nhiu.

Ex: A number of spectators were injured

13. No + singular noun + singular verb:Ex: No example is right in this case. plural noun + plural verb:Ex: No examples are right in this case.

14. None of the + non-count noun+ -singular verb

plural noun+ plural verbEx: - None of the counterfeit money has been found.

Ex: - None of the students have finished the exam yet.

15. It + be + noun / pronoun (in the subject form)

Ex - It is they who provide the modem medical aids.

Ex- Go and tell them it is I who did it.

16. There + be + noun: (ng t ph thuc vo danh t).

Ex: There have not been many large-scale epidemics lately.

PHN II: BI TP VN DNG

A. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

1. The Vietnamese people ----------- a heroic people.

A. isB. areC. wasD. were

2. Miss White------------ her parents is going to pay a visit to the Great Wall.

A. andB bothC. as well asD. or

3. The Vietnamese ----------hard-working and brave.

A. isB. areC. beD. being

4. A good deal of money ------------- spent on the books.

A. haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been

5. The manager or his secretary ------------ to give you an interview.

A. isB. areC. wereD. have

6. Mary is one of the girls who-------------often late for school.

A. isB. areC. comesD. get10

7. Two hours -------------- not long enough for this rest.

A. haveB. hasC. isD. are

8. Ninety percent of the work -------------- been done.

A. isB. areC. hasD. have

9. Those who ----------------- to go with me, please raise your hand.

A. wantB. wantsC. wantingD. are wanting

10. Salt and water ------------ to wash the wound

A. is usedB. are usedC. was usedD. were used

11. The news ------------- bad last night.

A. wereB. wasC. hasD. has been

12. Three-fifths of the police-------------in the school near the town.

A. has trainedB. have trainedC. has been trainedD. have been trained

13. ------------ not only you but also he going to Japan?

A. AreB. IsC. WereD. Was

14. All the books on the shelf ----------------to me.

A. belongB. belongsC. belongingD. is belonging

15. The trousers you bought for me ------------ me.

A. dont fitB. doesnt fitC. fitsD. fit not

16. Mumps ______ _ usually caught by children.

A. areB. wasC. isD. were

17. The United States ______ _ between Canada and Mexico.

A. lyingB. liesC. lainD. lie

18. Physics_____ __ us understand the natural laws.

A. helpsB. helpC. have helpedD. helped

19. The police ______ _ the robber.

A. were arrestedB. has arrestedC. have arrestedD. was arresting

20. The cattle _____ _ in the field.

A. is grazingB. grazesC. has grazedD. are grazing

21. Either you or he ______ _ _ wrong.

A. areB. wereC. have beenD. is

22. John as well as Mary _____ _ very kind.

A. wereB. areC. isD. have been

23. The doctor with the nurses _____ _ _ exhausted after the operation.

A. wereB. wasC. have beenD. are being

24. Five miles ______ _ not very far.

A. isB. areC. wereD. have been

25. ___ _ _ _ ten years too long?

A. AreB. IsC. Are beingD. Were

26. Neither his parents nor his teacher _____ _ __ satisfied with his result.

A. are beingB. wereC. isD. are

27. Each boy and each girl _____ _ _ a book.

A. are havingB. have hadC. haveD. has

28. Writing a lot of letters _______ __ her tired.

A. makesB. makeC. have madeD. are making

29. ___ _ _ everybody ready to start now?

A. Are beingB. Is beingC. IsD. Are

30. None of the butter in the fridge ______ _ _ good.

A. is beingB. isC. have beenD. are

31. None of the students _______ __ the test yet.

A. have finishedB. has finishedC. finishedD. is finishing

32. A pair of shoes ______ _ _ under the bed.

A. have beenB. areC. are beingD. is

33. 200 tons of water _____ _ _ last month.

A. was usedB. had been usedC. were usedD. is used

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34. In the hotel, the bread and butter _______ _ _ for breakfast.

A. is servedB. are servedC. servesD. serve

35. ___ _ _ were nice to me when I was in England.

A. The BrownsB. BrownsC. The BrownsD. Browns

B. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct.

36. Neither his parents nor his teacher are satisfied with his result when he was at high school.

37. Daisy was the only one of those girls that get the scholarship.

38. Working provide people with personal satisfaction as well as money.

39. Either the doctor or the nurses takes care of changing the patients bandages.

40. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the oratorical contest.

41. One hundreds eight thousand miles is the speed of light.

42. The guest of honour, along with his wife and children, were sitting at the first table when we had a party yesterday.

43. The audience was enjoying every minute of the performance.

44. All the books on the top shelf belongs to me.

45. Five thousand pounds were stolen from the bank.

46. Happiness and success depends on yourself.

47. The loss of her husband and two of her sons were too much for her.

48. David and his brother was indicted yesterday on charges of grand theft.

49. Current research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious questions unanswered.

50. Everyone have to plan a program that fits into the days schedule and that allows for good exercise and appropriate rest.

12

CHUYN 3

DANH NG T V NG T NGUYN TH (GERUND AND INFINITIVE)

PHN I: L THUYT

I. GERUND:

1. Chc nng:

Dancing bored him

painting

believing

t: He is interested in watching films on Tv.

.........

2. Mt s cch dng c bit:

a. Verb + V-ing: D nh ng t theo s u mt s ng t:

Admit: th nhn

Anticipate: trng mong, mong i

Avoid: trnh Appreciate: tn thnh Consider: xem xt Delay: hon li Defer: tr hon

Deny: t chi Detest: ght Dislike: khng thch Dread: s

Enjoy: thch th Escape: trn thot Excuse: th li Fancy: am m

Finish

Forgive: tha th Like: thch Love: yu thch

Imagine: tng tng Involve: dnh lu, lin quan Keep: gi, tip

Mind: phin Miss: l, nh Mention: cp

Pardon: tha th, tha li Prefer

Prevent: ngn nga Postpone: hon li Practice: thc hnh Prevent

Propose (= suggest) Quit: t b Recollect: nh li Resent: cm th

Recall: gi nh/ recollect Resume: cho rng

Resist: khng c, ngn cn Risk: mo him Remember/ forget Suggest: gi

Stop/ begin/ start Understand: hiu Discuss: tho lun Hate: ght

13

Ex: He admitted taking the money.

Avoid over-eating

He detests writing letters.

He didnt want to risk getting wet.

I cant understand his/ him leaving his wife.

Ch : excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent khng trc tip theo sau bi danh ng t m theo sau bi: Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh ng t hoc pronoun + preposition + danh ng t Appreciate thng theo sau bi tnh t s hu hoc danh ng t dng b ng

Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early. Forgive me for ringing you up so early.

You cant prevent his/ him spending his own money. You cant prevent him from spending his own money.

I appreciate your giving me o much of your time. / I appreciate being given this opportunity.

b. common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (s u mt s cm ng t)

carry on,end up,give up,go round,keep on,put off,set about

c. Expression + V-ing: Mt s thnh ng theo s u bi V-ing

have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui v

have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:

have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing

spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)

He spends 3 hours studying English every day.

waste + time/money + V-ing:

sit + Danh t ni chn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter

stand + danh t ni chn + V-ing

lie + danh t ni chn + Ving

cant help = cant bear = cant stand = cant resist (khng th chu c)

I cant bear hearing his lies I cant stand seeing him here

it is no good / it is no use (v ch / khng c ch):Its no use phoning him at this time

theres no point in

Whats the point of

to be busybn rn

My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.

to be worthng This book is worth reading

be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen vi

S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thch lm g hn lm g

= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf

d. go + gerund ch mt hot ng c bit no : (Present participle)

- go fishing

i cu c

go hunting

go bowling

go jogging

- go shopping

i mua sm

go camping

go sightseeing

go sailing

- go swimming

i bi

go dancing

go running

.

go hiking

go mountain climbing

i b d ngoi

go birdwatching

go boating

go canoening

(VnDoc Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min p) (h)

* Cm gii t theo sau bi V-ing: be excited/ worried about V-ing

complainkeep (someone)

dreamabout/ of + V-ingprevent (someone)from V-ing talkstop (someone)

think

apologizebelieve

blame (someone)be interestedinV-ing forgive (someone)for V-ingsucceed

be responsible thank (someone)

be tiredof V-ingin addition

be wastelook forwardto V-ing

Preposition +gerund (gii t +gerund):

Be interested in (thch th)think about (ngh v)apologize for (xin li v) Insist on (khng khng v)talk about (ni v)instead of (thay v)

Be accustomed tolook forward to (mong i)

be / get used toquen /thch nghi vibe familiar with

3. The perfect gerund: Form: having Vpp

The perfect gerund c s dng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chng ta cp ti mt hnh ng hon tt trong qu kh:

Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.

He denied having been there.

4. The passive gerund:

Form: being + past participle (present) Having + been + Vpp (past)

Ex: She hates being called a dull.

The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche. I am interested in being given money by my mother.

He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper. The safe showed no signs of having been touched.

II. INFINITIVES: ng t nguyn th

1. Chc nng:

Lm ch ng ca cu: (cng vi cc ng t: appear, seem, be)

Ex: To save money now seems impossible.

= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)

Lm b ng ca ng t (be):

Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret.

Lm tn ng ca ng t: Ex: He wants to play

Ch mc ch: He learns English to sing English songs.

Sau mt s tnh t:

2. Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)

c dng sau ng t make, have vi ngh nguyn c (causative) The Brown made their children clean their room.

The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.


c dng sau ng t gic quan nh see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,.... We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.

The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.

ch :

Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present p rticiple): bt gp i ng lm g Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf.: thy i lm g

uc dng sau ng t let v help.

My brother let me use computer.

The parents helped their children set up the tent.

c dng sau cc ng t khuyt thiu v tr ng t: can, could, will, shall, would, should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did

Trong cu trc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better

3. To infinitive:

A. To infinitive s u ng t:

Dng1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Mt s ng t theo sau l to infinitive

1. agree: ng

2. aim: nhm mc ch

3. appear: c v

4. arrange: sp xp

5. ask: yu cu

6. attempt: c gng

7. bother: phin

8. care:

9. choose: chn

10. claim: cng b

11. decide: quyt nh

12. demand: yu cu

13. determine: nh ot

14. fail: tht bi

15. guarantee: bo m

16. happen: xy ra

17. hesitate: do d

18. hope: hy vng

Dng2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE

19. learn: hc

20. manage: xoay x

21. neglect: l ng

22. offer: ngh

23. plan: c k hoch

24. prepare:chun b

25. pretend: gi v

26. proceed: tip ni

27. promise:

28. prove: chng t

29. refuse: t chi

30. resolve: nht quyt

31. seem:

32. swear: th

33. tend: c xu hng

34. threaten: da

35. volunteer: tnh nguyn

36. vow: d d

37. wish

38. want

39. need

40. wait

41. expect

42. intend

43. would like/ would love

44. beg

45. begin/ start

46. afford: kh nng

47. be willing

48. be able

49. expect

50. intend

51. beg: cu khn

52. prefer

Danh t/ i t lm tn ng (objects) i sau, ri mi n to infinitive V d:

She advised me to go to the English Club.

* Mt s ng t thng gp:

+ advise: khuyn+ allow: cho php

+ ask: yu cu.+ cause: gy ra.

+ command: yu cu, ra lnh + encourage: khuyn khch

+ expect: mong ch.+ forbid: cm

+ force: buc+ instruct: ch dn

+ invite: mi+ oblige: bt buc

+ need: cn- We need you to help us

+ teach: dy- My brother taught me to swim

+ tell: bo.+ want: mun

+ warn: cnh bo+ remind: nhc nh

+ order: yu cu, ra lnh+ persuade: thuyt phc

+ request: yu cu+ show:

+ train: o to, hun luyn+ instruct: ch dn

+ permit: cho php+ remind: nhc nh

* NOTES:

+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive

Ex: She doesnt llow me to smoke in her room

+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund

Ex: She doesnt llow smoking in her room

Dng3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND(mt s ng t theo sau bi to infinitive and gerund)

Nhm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund (khng khc ngh )

- beginbt u- preferthch.. hn - cant stand

startbt u- hateght- cant bear

continuetip tc- loveyu thch- intend

likethch- botherlm phin

Cc ng t trn c th c theo sau bi to Infinitive hoc Gerund m ngha hu nh- khng i.

V d:

- He began to laugh

= He began laughing

Ch :

a) Khng nn dng: Its beginning raining Nn ni: It is begining to rain

b) ng t nguyn mu thng mang ngha ca mt mc ch, mt d tnh trong tng lai, trong khi danh ng t mang ngha mt kinh nghim sn c. Cch s dng chng i khi rt tinh t nh sau:

V d

I like to meet the public

(Ti thch gp cng chng Ti thy nn gp, cn gp d nh)

I like meeting the public

(Ti thch gp cng chng. Ti thy vui khi gp v ti lun lm th).

Nhm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund (khc ngh )

remember,forget,regret,try,stop,need,go on

a. NEED

(Need to do = it is necessary to do:cn phi lm (ng t nguyn mu mang ngha ch ng)Need doing = need to be done: cn phi c lm (ng t nguyn mu mang ngha b ng))

Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)

The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.)

b. STOP

(Stop to do = stop in order to do: dng li lm vic g khcStop doing = not to do something any longer: dng lm vic g (ang lm))

They stopped to look at the pictures.

They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health.

c. (Remember/forget/regret + to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti v t ng l i))REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:

Remember to send this letter (hy nh gi bc th ny). Dont forget to buy flowers (ng qun mua hoa y)

I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (ti rt tic phi bo tin cho anh rng chuyn tu b hy b)

(Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh).)


I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2 (ti nh tr c y 2 la). She will never forget meeting the Queen (c y khng bao gi qun ln gp n hong)

He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life.

d. TRY

(Try to do: c gng lmTry doing: th lm)

She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy.

Ive got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didnt help.

e. GO ON:

(Go on doing s. th.: tip tc lm cng mt vic g . Go on to do s. th.: lm hay ni vic g khc)

f. MEAN

The Minister went on talking for two hours.

We must change our ways. We cant go on living like this.

After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy.

Mean + to V = intend to V: d nh lm g

Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gm, bao hm, c ngha l

B. To infinitive s u mt s tnh t:

Trong cu trc s u: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE V d:

Its difficult to find their houseTht kh tm ra nh ca h

Its dangerous to drive fastLi xe nhanh th nguy him.

Its important to learn EnglishHc ting Anh th rt quan trng

C hai dng tng ng nh sau:

(= To infinitive + be + Adjective Gerund)V d:

Its exciting to play footballChi bng tht th v.

= to play football is exciting

= playing football is exciting

To infinitive s u 1 s tnh t:

Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui v), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (ho hc), amazed (ngc nhin), pleased (hi lng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sn lng), certain (chc chn)

Trong cu trc:

* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become... + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi. S + V (thng)+ too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.

Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink.

This coffee is too hot for me to drink. He runs too slowly to catch the bus.

*S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.

S + V (thng) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi.

Ex: He is old enough to get married.

Hes intelligent enough to get good marks. They speak slowly enough to understand.

* so + adjective + as + infinitive

Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.

*It + cost/ t ke + O + to infinitive

Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle.

C. S u mt s t hi:

Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive

Nhng ng t s dng cng thc ny l ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.

Ex : He discovered how to open the safe.

I found out where to buy fruit cheaply. She couldnt think what to say

I showed her which button to press.

She wondered whether to write or phone.

D. Ch mc ch:

Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam

E. Noun + to infinitive (replace a relative clause)

Ex: 1. I have many things which I must do/ to do

2. She is always the last to go/ who goes

F. S + V + i t bt nh + To V

(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything, everybody, everywhere)

Ex: Is there anywhere to go? He has got nothing to eat

G. S u mt s cm t s u:

be about:nh, s be able: c th

do ones best: c gng

make an/ every effort: n lc make up ones mind: quyt nh cant afford

Ex: He is just about to leave

We cant afford to live in the centre

H. Th y cho mt mnh qu n h:

ng t nguyn th c th c s dng sau the first, the second..., the last, the only v thnh thong sau so snh hn nht

Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.

= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave He is the second one to be killed in this way.

4. The perfect infinitive:

+ Form: to have + Vpp

+ Use:

- Dng vi was/ were din t mt k hoch cha thc hin c Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isnt)

Dng sau would/ would like din t mt iu c vn cha hon thin Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)

Dng vi mt s ng t: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand

III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:

+ Passive gerund: being + past participle

Ex: She hates being called a dull.

The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche. I am interested in being given money by my mother.

+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party. He refused to be taken to hospital.

She doesnt want to be asked personal questions

c dng nhn mnh hnh ng/ s kin hn l tc nhn gy ra hnh ng

PHN II: BI TP VN DNG

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

1. I enjoy _____ __ alone.

a. beb. to bec. beingd. to have been

2. Would you like _____ to the party?

a. to comeb. comec. comingd. to have come

3. Do you mind_______ such a long way to work everyday?

a. to travelb. travelc. to have travelledd. travelling

4. I dont like that house. I would hate _______there.

a. liveb. livingc. to lived. to have lived

5. Sometimes I would like____ _ to play the piano.

a. to learnb. learningc. learnd. to have learned

6. Please remember _______this letter.

a. to postb. postc. postingd. to have posted

7. We tried _______the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire- brigade.

a. puttingb. putc. to putd. to have put

8. Someone must have taken my bag. I clearly remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.

a. leaveb. to leavec. to have leftd. leaving

9. Jane needed some money. She tried _______Harry but he couldnt help her.

a. to have askedb. to askc. askingd. ask

10. Please tell me how _______this

a. dob. to doc. doingd. to have done

11. One is never too old_______

a. to learnb. learningc. learnd. to have learned

12. You are old enough _______out alone.

a. goingb. to goc. to have goned. go

13. Im glad _______you

a. to meetb. meetc. meetingd. to have met

14. Its nice _____ you

a. to knowb. knowc. knowingd. to have known

15. We stopped_______ hello to her.

a. sayb. to sayc. sayingd. to have said

16. Its no use ____ those things.

a. buyb. buyingc. to buyd. to be bought

17. After ______, she invited the audience to ask questions.

a. finishb. finishedc. finishingd. to finish

18. Robbins started ______ a few years ago.

a. to jogb. joggingc. jogd. A and B are correct

19. I suggest _____ _ some more mathematics puzzles.

a. dob. to doc. doingd done

20. My computer needs _______.

a. repairb. to repairc. repairingd. repaired

21. I want ----- at home tonight

a. stayingb. to stayc. stayd. stayed

22. Alice isnt interested in ------- for a new job

a. lookb. to lookc. looksd. looking

23. Were going out for dinner. Would you like ----- us?

a. joiningb. to joinc. joind. joins

24. When Beth got tired, she stopped -------

a. workingb. to workc. workd. works

25. Dont forget ------ the letter I gave you yesterday

a. postb. postingc. postsd. to post

26. Her boss refuses ------ her a raise

a. givingb. to givec. gived. a & b correct

27. She enjoys ----- with many people

a. workb. workingc. to workd. works

28. Mary was in a difficult situation, so he agreed ------- her some money

a. to lendb. lendc. lendingd. a & c correct

29. They sometimes avoid ------ him

a. meetingb. meetc. to meetd. meets

30. It was a nice day, so we decided -------- for a walk

a. goingb. goc. to god. goes

31. Would you mind -------- the door? Thanks

a. openingb. openc. opensd. to open

32. The man wanted to avoid...................... on security cameras.

a. to seeb. seeingc. to be seend. being seen 33. I tried........................... the bus, but I missed it.

a. to catchb. catchingc. to be caughtd. being caught 34. The plants want........................... daily.

a. to waterb. wateringc. to be wateredd. both b and c

35. Will you remind me.................... this letter at the post office?

a. to postb. postingc. to be postedd. being posted

36. The goods ought....................... two weeks ago.

a. to deliverb. deliveringc. to be deliveredd. being delivered

37. I have expected......................... the secret of happiness.

a. to tellb. tellingc. to be toldd. being told

38. John had agreed......................... me in his office.

a. to meetb. meetingc. to be metd. being met

39. I dont like _____ when I am not there.

a. criticizingb. being criticizedc. to criticized. to be criticized

40. She expected ______ to the principal.

a. to introduceb. being introducedc. to be introducedd. being introduced

41. Tom was sad about ________ in class yesterday.

a. punishingb. being punishedc. to be punishedd. punished

42. You shouldnt make your son _______ too much.

a. studyb. studiedc. to studyd. studying 43 John had agreed......................... me in his office.

a. to meetb. meetingc. to be metd. being met

44. Its important for the figures......................... regularly.

a. to updateb. updatingc. to be updatedd. being updated 45. It is no good............................ sorry for yourself.

a. to feelb. feelingc. feeld. felt

46. Peter regrets Marrys birthday party

a. not to attendb. not attendingc. not to be attending d. not to be attended

47. Will you remind me.................... this letter at the post office?

a. to postb. postingc. to be postedd. being posted

48. I shall never forget-----------with you to Paris last year.

a. stayingb. to stayingc. to stayd. stayed

49. I am looking forward to -----------you.

a. having seenb. seeingc. to seed. all are wrong

50. I am always remember------------ off the lights before I leave my house.

a. turningb. to turnc. turnedd. being turned

51. She was ableEnglish when she was very young.

a. to singb. singc. singingd. sang

52. Could you please stop .. so much noise?

a. makeb. to makec. maded. making

53. She said that she had talked to me but I didnt remember her before.

a. seeingb. to seec. not seeingd. see

54. Let your name.. in the sheet of paper.

a. writeb. be writtenc. writtend. to write

55. We hoped.. by our teacher.

a. to helpb. helpingc. to be helpedd. being helped

Exercise 2: Sentence transformation

56. My teacher wouldnt let me leave early.

A. My teacher refused to let me leave early.

B. My teacher refused letting me leave early.

C. My teacher allowed me to leave early.

D. My teacher permitted me to leave early.

57. It is your duty to tell him what to do. A. You are supposed to tell him what to do.

B. You are given the duty to tell him what he has to do.

C. It is said that you tell him what to do.

D. Please tell him what he has to do.

58. It is pointless to try to make him change his mind.

A. It is a waste of time trying and making him change his mind.

B. It is a waste of time to try and make him change his mind.

C. There is no time to try to make him change his mind.

D. There is no time trying to make him change his mind.

59. I want to know the depth of the river at this point.

A. I want to know how the river is deep at this point.

B. I want to know how deep is the river at this point.

C. I want to know how deep the river is at this point.

D. I want to know how the deep river is at this point.

60. The tea wasnt sweet enough for Betty to drink.

A. Betty didnt like to drink the sweet tea.

B. Betty couldnt drink the tea. She liked more sugar.

C. There wasnt enough tea, and Betty had nothing to drink.

D. Betty drank some of the tea but not enough.

61. You had better take some medicine.

A. You ought to drink medicine.

B. You must take a number of tablets.

C. You have to have some medicine.

D. You should have some medicine.

62. The doctor advised him to go the local hospital for a check-up.

A. He was advised to go to the international hospital for a check-up.

B. He was advised to go to the hospital where he is now living for a check-up.

C. He was advised to go to the best hospital for a check-up.

D. For a check-up, he was told to stay at home.

63. Its a waste of time trying to explain anything to Tony.

A. Tony should be given explanation.

B. Its not worth trying to explain anything to Tony.

C. To save time, explain it to Tony.

D. Its well worth trying to explain things to Tony.

64. I couldnt help laughing when he told me that story.

A. I couldnt resist laughing when he told me that story.

B. I couldnt help him tell that story.

C. I did not laugh when hearing that story.

D. The story he told me not help at all.

65. We think he was in London last year.

A. He was thought to be in London last year.

B. He was thought to have been in London last year.

C. He is thought to be in London last year.

D. He is thought to have been in London last year.

66. Theres no point in persuading him to do this.

A. he is able to do this although he does not want to.

B. It would be useful to persuade him to do this.

C. I enjoy persuading him to do this.

D. It is useless to persuade him to do this.

67. The court found the man innocent of murdering his wife.

A. The man was judged not guilty of killing his wife.

B. The man was found murdered by his wife.

C. The court found a murdered man and his wife.

D. The court decided that the man had killed his wife.

Exercise 3: Find a mistake in the four underlined parts A,B,C or D of each sentence.

68. I decided to change jobs because my boss makes me work over time. ABCD

69. Get more exercise appears to be the best way to lose weight. ABCD

70. Lets stop to watch so much TV so that we can read or go out instead. ABCD

71. I advise you starting looking for a flat at once.

ABCD

72. He postponed to make a decision till it was too late to do anything. ABCD

73. It is extremely important for an engineer to know to use a computer. ABCD

74. Theres no point having a car if you never use it. ABCD

75. Id like him going to a university, but I cant make him go. ABCD

76. Simon finds it hard for making friends with other children. ABCD

77. During a curfew it is not possible walking on the streets after a specified hour. ABCD

78. His teacher encouraged him talking part in the international piano competition. ABCD

79. Dont let the children to stay up too late. ABCD

80. We were made doing a lot of homework at our school. ABCD

KEYS:

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. B

11A

12. B

13. A

14. A

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. D

19. C

20. C

21. B

22. D

23. B

24. A

25. D

26. B

27. B

28. A

29. A

30. C

31. A

32. D

33. A

34. D

35. A

36. C

37. C

38. A

39. D

40. C

41. B

42. A

43. A

44. C

45. B

46. B

47. A

48. A

49. B

50. B

51. A

52. D

53. A

54. B

55. C

56. A

57. A

58. A

59. C

60. B

61. D

62. B

63. B

64. A

65. D

66. D

67. A

68. D

69. A

70. B

71. A

72. A

73. D

74. B

75. A

76. C

77. B

78. B

79. C

80. B

CHUYN 4

CU GI NH (SUBJUNCTIVE)

PHN I: L THUYT

PART A- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I/ GRAMMAR:

1, Conditional sentences: TYPE 1:

a) use: cu iu kin loi 1 cn c gi l cu iu kin c thc hin ti. iu kin c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

b) Form:

If + S + V (hin ti n), S + Will(c n,m y) + V (nguyn mu). (S + Will(c n,m y) + V(nguyn mu) + If + S + V(hin ti n). Ex: If it is sunny,I will go fishing.

If she gets up late,she will miss the bus.

Cu iu kin mnhlnh

If S + V1, V2

Dng cu iu kin ny dng nu mt yu cu, mt mnh lnh m ngi nimun ngi nghe thc hin nu iu kin c nu xy ra.

Dng cu mnh lnh ch c th dng vi cu iu kin loi I.

Cui cu ta t mt du chm than, biu th cho thc mnh lnh.

Khi dng dng cu ny, mnh iu kin vn gi nguyn, ring mnh chnh s c chuyn thnh mnh mnh lnh bng cch s dng nguyn ng t v khuyt i ch ng.

Ex:If you meet him, tell him to write to me!

Ex:Dont go outside the harbor if the wind is strong.

2/ Conditional sentences:TYPE 2:

a) use: cu iu kin loi 2 dng din t mt hnh ng khng c tht hin ti.

b) Form:

If + S + V(qu kh n) , S +Would (could, might..) + V(nguyn mu). (S +Would(could, might) + V(nguyn mu) + If +S +V (qu kh n)).

c) Note: ng t trong mnh iu kin nu l ng t tobe th ta dng were cho tt c cc ch ng. Ex. If I were you , I would go abroard.

If I knew his address, I would give it to you.

3/ Conditional sentences: Type 3.

a/ use: Din t hnh ng khng c tht qu kh. b/ Form:

If +S +had +V(PII), S + Would (could,might) + have + V(PII).

(S + Would (could, might) +have +V(PII) +IF + S +had +V (PII).

Ex:If he had studied harder for that test,he would have passed it

4/ Mt s trng hp cu iu kin c bit

/ CU IU KIN KT HP

Form: If + S + had + P2, S + would have + P2

Ex: 1. If I h dnt st yed up late last night, I wouldnt be so tired now.

2. You wouldnt be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning

Trong trng hp ny, mnh If chia ng t loi 3, mnh chnh chia ng t loi 2 b/CU TRC O NG CA CU K

o ng k loi 1

Should + S + Vinfinitive, S + Will + Vinfinitive

* o ng cu iu kin loi 2:

Were + S + (to + Vinfinitive), S + Would + Vinfinitive

If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.

=> Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book

* o ng cu iu kin loi 3: Had + S + P2, S + would have + P2

Ex: If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.

Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house

o ng c cu iu kin kt hp:

Had + S + P2, S + would Vinfinitive

c/CC CCH KHC DIN T IU KIN

Imper tive (mnh lnh) + or/ nd + S + V(simple future).

Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark.

= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark.

Unless = If.... not (Tr khi)

If he doesnt come, I will bring this package to him Unless he comes, I will bring this package to him

In case (Phng khi iu g xy r )

Trong mnh theo sau In case thng dng th hin ti n hoc qu kh n, khng dung will hoc would

I always take an umbrella in case it rains

Dng With/Without/ But for

With/ Without/ But for + a noun/ a noun phrase Eg: If you help me, I can finish this assignment

= With your help, I can finish this assignment

Without water, life wouldnt exist

= If there were no water, life wouldnt exist.

As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause (Min l/ vi iu kin)

Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.

= If you drive carefully, you can use my car.

Otherwise (Nu khng th): Dng th y th cho v If v lin qu n n mt tng c cu trc.

(Trc Otherwise thng c du; hoc du, sau otherwise c du,)

Eg: You must read the instruction; otherwise, you dont know how to do it

PART B - WISH / IF ONLY I- PHN L THUYT

Wish v if only thng c din t c mun (if only mnh m v r rng hn wish). Sau wish v only l mt mnh ch s ao c mt K khng c tht. Mnh sau wish v if only c xem nh mt mnh danh t.

Sau wish /only c 3 loi mnh c dng ch s ao c hin ti, qu kh v tng lai.

1. Ao c hin ti (present wish).

a. (S + WISH (es) /IF ONLY + S+V (past subjunctive)(bewere))Cu trc:

b. Cch dng: din t mong c v mt iu khng c tht hoc khng th thc hin c hin ti. Eg1:I wish I lived nearer. Then we could meet more often. (I'm sorry that I don't live nearer)

Eg2: Cathy wishes she had blond hair. (Cathy is sorry that she doesn't have blond hair)

Would khng c dng din t mong mun hin ti, nhng chng ta c th dng could.

Eg3: You're brilliant. I wish I could play the guitar like you. (I'm sorry that I can't play the guitar like you)

2. Ao c qu kh (p st wish)

a. (S + WISH(es) /IF ONLY + S+V (past perfect subjunctive))cu trc:

b. Cch dng: din t mong c v mt iu xy ra trong qu kh hoc din t s hi tic v mt iu g khng xy ra.

Eg: I wish I had never told him my secret. (I'm sorry that I told him my secret)

Eg: Santiago wishes he hadn't spent so much money last night. (Santiago regrets spending so much money last night)

-Chng ta c th dng could have +past participle vao c v qu kh khi ch ng trc v sau wish l mt ngi hay mt vt.

Eg: I wish I could have been at the wedding,but I was in New York.

3. Ao c t ng l i(future wish)

a. Cu trc:

(S + WISH(es) /IF ONLY + S+ would/ could /might + V (bare-infinitive)

b. Cch dng:mong mun iu g xy ra hoc mun ngi no lm iu g . Eg: I wish it would stop snowing.

Eg: I wish Mark would call me back.

Eg: I wish more people would read my blog.

Ch : I wish.... woud... c dng khi ni v hnh ng v s thay i,would khng c ni v mt tnh trng

Eg: I wish something exciting would happen.

PART C:Mt s cu trc gi nh khc

1. Clause after AS IF, AS THOUGH:

AS IF, AS THOUGH c ngha l nh th, dng nh

Hai t ni trn ng trc mt mnh ch mt iu khng tht hoc tri vi thc t.

/iu khng c tht hin ti

S + V + as if /as though+ V past subjunctive (V-ed/ were).

Eg: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter).

+ She walks as though she studied modeling. (She didnt study modeling).

+ He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich).

b/iu khng c tht qu kh

S + V + as if /as though+ V past perfect subjunctive /(had + V-ed/ (pp)). Eg: + Tom looked very tired as if he worked very hard.

+ The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long time.

+ He looked as if he hadnt taken a bath for month.

Note: Past Subjunctive (qu kh gi nh) c hnh thc ging th Simple past nhng vi ng t TO BE th phi i thnh WERE cho tt c cc ngi.

Past Perfect Subjunctive (qu kh hon thnh gi nh) c hnh thc ging th Past perfect.

ng t ng trc as if/as though c th th hin ti hoc qu kh m khng c s thay i th trong mnh gi nh

Eg: He talks/talked as if he knew everything.

Eg: He looks /looked as though he hadnt a decent meal for a month.

Trong mnh so snh (mnh ch cch thc v mnh chnh c cng ch ng), chng ta c th dng as if /as though theo sau bi mt phn t (present /past participle) hoc ng t nguyn mu c to (to infinitive).

2. Its time, Its high time

Its time/its high time c th c theo sau bi:

a. ng t nguyn mu c to (to-infinitive)

(Its time/ Its high time + (for + Object) + to-infinitive)

E. x: Its time to buy a new car. ( n lc phi mua xe mi ri.)

Its high time for the children to go to bed. ( n gi bn tr i ng ri)

b. Mnh (ng t chia qu kh nhng mang ngha hin ti)

(Its time/ Its high time + S + V - past simple)

E. x: Ten oclock - Its time you went home.

(10 gi ri - n lc cc bn phi v nh)

Its high time the children were in bed. ( n gi bn tr i ng)

Lu : Were c th dng thay cho Was.

E. x: Its time I was/were in bed

3. Would rather

a. Would rather (thch . hn) c dng din t nhng g m mt ngi no mun thc hin trong mt tnh hung c th (khng c dng trong trng hp tng qut). Would rather (do) = Would prefer (to do).

hin ti hoc tng lai

(S + would r ther (+not) + V_b re infinitive .. (+ than+ V_bare infinitive))

E. x: I would rather stay at home tonight. (Ti nay ti thch nh.)

Would you rather have tea or coffee? (Bn thch dng tr hay c ph hn?)

Im tired. Id r ther not go out this evening.

(Ti mt. Chiu nay ti khng thch i chi.)

John would rather go for a swim than play tennis. (John thch i bi hn chi qun vt.)

Wed rather walk than take a bus. (Chng ti thch i b hn l i xe but.)

* qu kh

(S + would rather (+not) + have + V_past participle (+ than))

E. x: We went by sea but Id rather have gone by air.

(Chng ti i bng tu thy nhng ti thch i bng xe my hn.)

I wanted to go by air but I didnt get my wish.

Tommy would rather have gone skiing than fishing last week. (Tun trc, Tommy thch i trt tuyt hn l i cu)

But he didnt get his wish

b. Would rather (mong mun) cn c dng din t ngha mt ngi mun ngi khc lm iu g .

* hin ti hoc tng lai.

(S + would rather (that) + S + V _past simple)

E. x: Id rather you went home now. (Ti mun anh v nh ngay by gi)

Id rather you didnt tell anyone what I said.

(Ti khng mun bn k vi bt k ai nhng g ti ni.)

Wed rather she was/were here tomorrow.

(Chng ti mun c ta c mt y ngy mai.)

* qu kh

(S + would rather (that) + S + V_past perfect)

E. x: Roberto would rather we h dnt left yesterday. (Roberto mun hm qua chng ti khng ra i.)

but we left yesterday.

I would rather you had met my future wife. (Ti mun l bn gp v sp ci ca ti)

but you didnt meet

c. Din t s vic hin ti (present subjunctive):

L loi cu ngi th nht mun ngi th hai lm vic g (nhng lm hay khng cn ph thuc vo ngi th hai). Xem thm v cu cu khin phn sau. Trong trng hp ny ng t mng hai dng nguyn th b to. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not trc nguyn th b to.

(S1 + would r ther th t + S2 + [verb in simple form] )

E. x: I would rather that you call me tomorrow. He would rather that I not take this train.

Ng php ni ngy nay c bit l ng php M cho php b that trong cu trc ny m vn gi nguyn hnh thc gi nh

4. Present subjunctive (Hin ti bng thi)

c dng trong mnh that ng sau mt s ng t ch cc cm gic mnh nh: to demand (i hi), to request (yu cu), to insist (ni n), to recommend (khuyn ngh, ngh), v cc t ng it is essential (iu ct yu l), it is necessary (iu cn thit l), it is important (vic quan trng l). nhn mnh.

ng t trong mnh that dng nguyn th Eg: I demand(ed) that he be here on time. It is necessary that he take the exam.

Hin ti bng thi cch cng thng c thay th bi should + infinitive

I request(ed) that I should be given more time to consider the matter further.

5. P st subjunctive (qu kh bng thi)

c dng trong mnh that ng sau ng t wish din t c mun c ao hin ti, tri vi thc t

I wish (that) I had a car now.

* PHN II: BI TP VN DNG

Exercise 1: Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A,B,C or D)

1) If that hat costs much, I a small one.

A. would have boughtB. will buyC. boughtD. would buy.

2) If you more carefully,you wouldnt have had so many accidents.

A. driveB. droveC. had drivenD. driven

3) If I spoke English, my job a lot easier.

A. wasB. wereC. will beD. would be

4. If he . to London yesterday, he . his old friend

A. went / would meetB. go / would meet

C. had gone / would have metD. went / would have met

5. I will lend them some money If they . me.

A. askB. will askC. askedD. had asked

6. If we had known who he was, we . him to speak at our meeting.

A. would have invitedB. have invitedC. will inviteD. would invite

7. My dog will bark if it . any strange sound.

A. hearB. hearsC. heardD. had heard.

8. If I . enough money,I will buy a house.

A. hadB. had hadC. will haveD. have

9. If you .. away, I will send for a policeman.

A. not goB. dont goC. hadnt goneD. didnt go

10. If I in your place, I would accept Mr Andersons invitation.

A. wereB. amC. beD. was

11. What .. we do if they dont come tomorrow?

A. wouldB. willC. didD. had

12. If I . you, I would tell the truth.

A. isB. amC. wereD. was

13. If I had enough time now, I .. to my parents.

A. would writeB. writeC. will writeD. wrote

14. Its too bad Helen isnt here. If she .. here, she .. what to do.

A. is / will knowB. was / knows

C. were / would knowD. are / would have known

15. If she . late again, she will lose her job.

A. comeB. cameC comesD. had come

16. I will let you know if I .. out whats happening.

A. findB. findsC. foundD. had found

17. If we . in a town, life would be better.

A. liveB. livedC. would liveD. had lived

18. Im sure he woulnt mind if we early.

A. arriveB. arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived

19. If I won the lottery, I . you half the money.

A. gaveB. had givenC. will giveD. would give

20. It .. be a pity if she married Fred.

A. willB. wouldC. canD. may

21. If Im free on Saturday, I .. to the mountains.

A. to goB. could goC. wentD. can go

22. we . you if we have time.

A. will phoneB. would phoneC. phonedD. had phoned

23. If I . you,I would help them.

A. amB. will beC. wereD. had been

24. I could have understood him if he more slowly.

A. speaksB. spokeC. had spokenD. would speak

25. If I had known that you were in hospital, I .. you.

A. will visitB. would have visited C. visitD. dont visit

26. I wouldnt have believed it if I it with my own eyes.

A. had seenB. sawC. hadnt seenD. didnt see

27. What would you have done if the lift .. struck between two floors at that time.

A. had gotB. gotC. getsD. getting

28. If I that the traffic lights were red, I ..

A. had realized / would have stoppedB. had realized / wouldnt have stopped

C. realized / would stopC. realize / will not stop

29. If we have some eggs,I you a cake.

A. madeB. makesC. will makeD. would make

30. If you so busy, I would have shown you how to play.

A. hadnt beenB. werentC. arentD. wouldnt be.

Exercise 2:Choose the best answer.

1. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _______ it.

A. would never have believedB. dont believe

C. hadnt believedD. cant believe

2. Put all the toys away.. someone slips and falls on them.

A. provided thatB. unlessC. in caseD. so long as

3. Many argue that the world will never make the switch to cleaner forms of energy easily obtainable soil sources remain.

A. suppose thatB. providing thatC. unlessD. as long as

4. .. you to be offered that job, would you have to move to another city?

A. shouldB. WereC. hadD. Provided that

5. You will find their house _____ _ you take a good street map with you.

A. as long asB. even ifC. if onlyD. otherwise:

6. Youd better stop spending money, _______ you will end up in debt

A. unlessB. otherwiseC. ifD. in case

7. Henry_____ _ a rich man today if he had been more careful in the past.

A. will have beenB. will beC. would have beenD. would be

8. ____ _ you visit him, give him my best wishes.

A. CouldB. WouldC. ShouldD. Might

9. Were she ten years younger, she ______ _ _ the beauty contest.

A. will enterB. had enteredC. would enterD. would have entered

10. If it.. their encouragement, he could have given it up.

A. had been forB. hadnt beenC. hadnt been forD. wouldnt have been for

11. ___ _ _ any employee be ill, they must call the office to inform their head of departure.

A. WereB. ShouldC. HadD. If

12. If Lucys car _______ __ down, she would be here right now.

A. didnt breakB. hadnt brokenC. wouldnt have beenD. doesnt break

13. Harry would certainly have attended the proceedings _______ .

A. if he didnt get a flat tyreB. had he not had a flat tyre

C. had the tyre not flattened itselfD. if the flat tyre didnt happen

14. If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now.

A. leave / will haveB. didnt leave / would have

C. hadnt left / would haveD. hadnt left / would have had

15. Iyou sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A. would have visitedB. visitedC. had visitedD. visit

16. then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A-had I knownB-did I knowC-If I knowD- If I would know

17. If someone in to the store,smile and say, May I help you?

A-comesB-cameC-would comeD-could come

18. Trees wont grow .. there is enough water.

A. ifB. whenC. unlessD. as

Exercise 3 choose the best answer

1. But for two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

A. If I didnt make two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

B. I would have got full marks for the test if there hadnt been these two minor mistakes

C. Had I made two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

D. If the mistakes hadnt been minor, I could have got full marks for the test.

2. Get in touch with me as soon as possible if you change your mind about the trip.

A. Should you change your mind about the trip, contact me as soon as possible

B. If you changed your mind about the trip, get in touch with me as soon as possible.

C. You should call me whenever you changed your mind about the trip.

D. Having changed your mind about the trip, you should get in touch with me soon

3. If it h dnt been for the go lkeeper, United would h ve lost.

A. United didnt lose the game thanks to their goalkeeper.

B. United lost the match because of their goalkeeper.

C. Without their goalkeeper, United could have won

D. If their goalkeeper didnt play so well, United would have lost.

4. Without his help, we would all die.

A. We died because he didnt help us.

B. He didnt help us, so we died.

C. If it hadnt been for his help, we would all have died

D. If he had helped us, we wouldnt have died.

5. Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have attended the lecture.

A. Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held too late,

B. The lecture was held earlier so that more people would attend

C. Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early announcement.

D. Since the announcement was not made earlier, fewer people came to hear the lecture.

6. But for Helen acting so wonderfully, the play would be a flop

A. Helen acted so wonderfully, but the play was a flop.

B. If it wasnt for Helens wonderful acting, the play would be a flop

C. The play was a flop although Helen acted so wonderfully.

D. The play was a flop although Helen was such a wonderful actor.

7. Provided your handwriting is legible, the examiner will accept your answer.

A. Although the examiner cannot read your handwriting, he will accept your answer,

B. Whatever your handwriting, the examiner will accept your answer.

C. The examiner will accept your answer if your handwriting is beautiful

D. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he will accept your answer.

8. But for his f thers e rly retirement, Rich rd would not h ve t ken over the family business.

A. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early.

B. Richard didnt take over the family business because his father didnt retire early

C. His father retired early but he still ran the family business

D. Richards father didnt want him to take over the family business despite his retirement

9. Were it not for the money, the job wouldnt be worthwhile

A. This job is not rewarding at all

B. This job offers a poor salary

C. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile

D. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.

10. You can stay in the flat for free if you pay the bills.

A. Provided you pay the bills, you can stay in the flat for free.

B. Without the bills paid, you can stay in the free flat.

C. Unless the flat is free of bills, you cannot stay in it.

D. Whether you pay the bills or stay in the flat, it is free.

11: She is now leading a normal life as a result of all the support she received from social workers.

A. Had it not been for the social workers, she wouldnt be leading such a normal life now.

B. Because she receives all the support from social workers, she is leading a normal life now

C. If she didnt receive all the support from social workers, she wouldnt be leading a normal life now.

D. Had she not received so much support from social workers, she wouldnt be leading such a normal life now.

12. In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32F. It always freezes.

A. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze.

B. If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze.

C. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze.

D. If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen.

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer:

1. I'm not very fit. I wish ______

A. I would be fitterB. I were fitterC. I was fitterD. I am fitter

2. It's very hot.

A. I wish it were cooler.C. A. I wish it were hotter.

B. I wish it was rain tomorrow.D. If only it had rained.

3. He likes to swim.

->He wishes he near the sea.

A. likedB. livingC. livesD. to live

4. She wishes she . blue eyes.

A. hasB. hadC. had hadD. would have


5. If only I ___ him now.

A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. seen

6. I wish it ___ a holiday today.

A. wereB. will beC. isD. had been

7.. What a pity I didnt meet you yesterday.

A. If only I met you yesterday.B. If only I meet you yesterday.

C. If only I had met you yesterday.D. If only I hadnt met you yesterday. 8.. Susan regretted not buying that villa.

A. Susan wished she had bought that villa.B. Susan wished she bought that villa.

C. Susan wished she could buy that villa.D. Susan wished she hadnt bought that villa.

9. Its a pity that you didnt tell us about this.

A. I wish you told us about this.B. I wish you would tell us about this.

C. I wish you had told us about this.D. I wish you have told us about this.

10. He wishes he buy a new car.

A. canB. willC. couldD. would

11. Those children are really noisy.

A. I wish they were quieterB. I wish they would be quiet

C. If only they were quieterD. Both A and C are correct

12. She misses him. She wishes he . her a letter.

A. would sendB. will sendC. has sentD. would have sent 13. I wish I .................... help you.

A. wouldB. canC. couldD. will

14. She wishes she . him yesterday.

A. would meetB. meetsC. metD. had met

15. Yesterday, John told me that he wishes he _____ _ harder in high school because then university might not be so difficult for him.

A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. studies

16. If only my motorbikebroken down again, I would have arrived on time

A. wouldB. hadntC. didntD. wasnt

17. I wish I ______ _ in prison, but I am

A. wasn'tB. am notC. weren'tD. were

18. I wish you. make that noise, its annoying!

A. don'tB. wouldn'tC. wouldD. couldn't

19. I wish I. to the movies with you last night.

A. wentB. did goC. could goD. could have gone 20.. I hate Canadian winters. I wish I ______ in Hawai right now.

A. wasB. amC. will beD. were

Exercise 5: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.

1. Tom looked tired as though he _____ _ very hard.

A. has workedB. workedC. workD. had worked

2. Henry talks with his dog as if it ______ _him.

A. understandB. understoodC. understandingD. had understood.

3. She sings as if she ______ a singer.

A. wereB. isC. had beenD. has been

4. I feel as if my head ______ fire now.

A. wereB. isC. had beenD. has been

5. Mary dresses as if she _______ a queen.

A. isB. beC. wereD. had been

6. She acted as if she_______ big amount of money.

A. hadB. hasC. haveD. had had

7. He spends his money as though he _____ _ a millionaire.

A. wereB. isC. beD. has been

8. He talked about Paris as if he _______ _ there before

A. beB. beenC. has beenD. had been

9. Tom acts as if he _____ _ my boss.

A. had beenB. have beenC beD. were

10. He talked as if he ______ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.

A. has doneB. have doneC didD. had done

11. Barbara looked at me as though she _______ __me before.

A. has never metB. have never metC had never metD. never met

12. She behaved as though she _______ crazy

A. has beenB. had beenC. beD. B and C are right

13. He treats us as if we_______ _ all idiots

A. has beenB. have beenC. beD. were

14. The spacemen felt as if he ______ in a paradise.

A. had beenB. fallsC. fallD. has fallen

15. He behaved as though he _______ _to the USA.

A. has beenB. had beenC. wereD. was

16. I wish the more effective teaching method______ used.

A. isB. wasC. wereD. has been

17. She wishes she ______ a fairy now.

A. wasB. wereC. isD. had been

18. She spent money as if she always______ plenty of it.

A. haveB. hadC. had hadD. has

19. Mr Nam ate as if he ______ anything for days

A. didnt eatB. havent eatenC. hadnt eatenD. not ate

20. She walks as if she_____ a wooden leg.

A. hasB. haveC. hadD. have had

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer

1. I ______watch the football game than basketball game

A. likeB. would ratherC. preferD. would like

2. Jane would rather that it ______ winter now.

A. wereB. beC. isD. had been

3. Would you rather ______ in ink or in pencil?

A. writeB. writingC. to writeD. wrote

4. I would rather that you ______ me tomorrow.

A. callB. to callC. callingD. will call


5. Henry would rather that his girlfriend ______in the same department as he does.

A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked

6. Its time you ______ _the house.

A. paintB. paintedC. paintingD. paints

7. Bob would rather that Jill ______ to class yesterday.

A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone 8. Its time we all......................... now.

A. had goneB. goC. should goD. went

9. John would rather ________ than worked last night.

A. sleptB. was sleepingC. have sleptD. had slept

10. Its time _______ _a car.

A. goB. buyC. to buyD. buying

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer

1. I requested that he .. the work on time.

A. finishesB. will finishC. finishD. finished

2. It is necessary that she .. the club.

AjoinB. joinsC. would joinD. has joined

3. The doctor suggested that the patient .. smoking.

A. stopB. should stopC. would stopD. both A and B are correct

4. It is important that you .. on time.

A. comesB. comingC. having comeD. come

5. It is necessary that she .. the housework.

A. doB. would doC. doingD. done

6. They requested that I early.

A. leaveB. should leaveC. leftD. A or B

7. It is our wish that he what he please.

A. is doingB. doesC. doD. should have done

8. I propose that the minutes of the previous meeting.. read.

A. to beB. beC. beingD. should have been

9. The court ordered that the man .. released.

A. beB. wasC. isD. has been

10. It is essential that he .. the bike.

A. to repairB. should repairC. would repairD. had better repair

KEY

EX1: 1B, 2C, 3B, 4C, 5A, 6A, 7B, 8D, 9B, 10A, 11B, 12C, 13D, 14C, 15C, 16A, 17B, 18C, 19D, 20B, 21D, 22A, 23C, 24C, 25B, 26C, 27A, 28A, 29C, 30A

EX2: 1A, 2C, 3C, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7D, 8C, 9C, 10C, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14C, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18C EX3: 1B, 2A, 3C, 4C, 5D, 6B, 7D, 8A, 9D, 10A, 11D, 12C

EX4: 1B, 2A, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6A, 7C, 8A, 9C, 10C, 11D, 12A, 13C, 14D, 15C, 16B, 17C, 18B, 19C, 20D EX5: 1D, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5C, 6D, 7A, 8D, 9D, 10D, 11C, 12C, 13D, 14A, 15B, 16C, 17B, 18C, 19C, 20C EX6: 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5D, 6B, 7C, 8D, 9D, 10C

EX7: 1C, 2A, 3D, 4D, 5A, 6D, 7C, 8B, 9A, 10B

CHUYN 5

CU B NG (PASSIVE VOICE)

PHN I: L THUYT

I. Cch dng cu b ng

Khi khng cn thit phi nhc n tc nhn gy hnh ng (do tnh hung qu r rng hoc do khng quan trng)

Eg: The road has been repaired.

Khi chng ta khng bit hoc qun ngi thc hin hnh ng

Eg: The money was stolen.

Khi chng ta quan tm n bn thn hnh ng hn l ngi thc hin hnh ng

Eg: This book was published in Vietnam.

Khi Ch ng ca cu ch ng l Ch ng khng xc nh nh: people, they, someone

Eg: People say that he will win.

Its said that he will win.

Khi ngi ni khng mun nhc n ch th gy ra hnh ng

Eg: Smoking is not allowed here.

II. Cu trc

Loi 1: B ng vi cc th khng tip din

Cng thc tng qut

(BE + PAST PARTICIPLE)

Loi 2: B ng vi cc th tip din

Cng thc tng qut sau:

(BE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE)

Loi 1 p dng cho su th b ng khng tip din v loi 2 p dng cho su th b ng tip din. Nhng trong phn ny ti ch gii thiu nhng th hc sinh hc trong chng trnh, phc v cho thi hc k v thi tt nghip THPT bao gm bn th b ng khng tip din l : th hin ti n, th qu kh n, th hin ti hon thnh, th tng lai n, b ng vi ng t khuyt thit v hai th b ng tip din l : hin ti tip din v qu kh tip din.

Loi 1: B ng khng tip din

1) Th hin ti n

(S + am / is/ are + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: They raise cows in Ba Vi. Passive: Cows are raised in Ba Vi.

2) Th qu kh n

(S + was / were + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: Jame Watt invented the steam engine in 1784. Passive: The steam engine was invented by Jame Watt in 1784.

3) Th hin ti hon thnh

(S + have/ has been + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: They have just finished the project. Passive: The project has just been finished.

4) Th tng lai n

(S + will be + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: They will build a new school for disabled children next month.

Passive: A new school for disabled children will be built next month.

5) ng t khuyt thiu.

(S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle.)

EX1:

EX2:

Active:You can see him now.

Passive:He can be seen (by you) now.

Active:He should type his term paper.

Passive:His term paper should be typed.

Loi 2: B ng tip din

1) Th hin ti tip din

(S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: Ann is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Ann

2) Th qu kh tip din

(S + was / were + being + Past Participle)

Eg:

Active: She was cleaning the room at 7 a. m yesterday.

Passive: The room was being cleaned at 7 a. m yesterday.

III. Cch chuyn t cu ch ng sang cu b ng

Mun chuyn t cu ch ng sang cu b ng, hc sinh cn nm chc cc bc chuyn sau y:

Xc nh tn ng trong cu ch ng, chuyn n thnh Ch ng trong cu b ng.

Xc nh th ca ng t trong cu ch ng, chia to be tng ng vi th ting Anh v vi ch ng mi ca cu b ng.

Chia ng t chnh trong cu ch ng dng past participle trong cu b ng

By + tc nhn gy hnh ng (khi mun nhn mnh tc nhn gy hnh ng)

S+ V+O

S+V (participle)

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