Chương 5 - Tập Lệnh

N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-1

Chng 5.

Tp lnh lp trnh

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5.1. Tp lnh c bn.

5.1.1. Bit logic.

Cc tip im ladder (LAD)

Ta c th kt ni cc tip im vi nhau v to ra mch logic kt ni. Nu bit

ng vo m ta ch r s dng b nh danh I (ng vo) hay Q (ng ra), gi tr bit s

c c t mt thanh ghi nh tin trnh. Cc tn hiu tip im vt l trong tin trnh

iu khin c ni n cc u cc I trn PLC. CPU qut cc tn hiu ng vo c

ni v cp nht lin tc cc gi tr tng ng trong thanh ghi ng vo nh tin trnh.

Ta c th ghi r mt kt qu tc thi ca mt ng vo vt l bng cch s dng

:P theo sau s dch chnh I (v d: %I3.4:P). i vi mt kt qu tc thi, cc gi

tr d liu bit c c mt cch trc tip t ng vo vt l thay v t nh tin trnh.

Mt kt qu tc thi th khng cp nht nh tin trnh.

Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t

IN Bool Bit c gn gi tr

Tip im thng h NO (Normally Open) c ng li (ON) khi gi tr bit

c gn bng 1.

Tip im thng ng NC (Normally Closed) c ng li (ON) khi gi tr

bit c gn bng 0.

Cc tip im c ni ni tip s to ra mch logic AND.

Cc tip im c ni song song s to ra mch logic OR.




Cc hp FBD: AND, OR v XOR

Trong lp trnh FBD, cc mng tip im LAD c chuyn i thnh cc

mng dng cc khi logic AND (&), OR (> = 1) v OR loi tr (XOR) m ta c th

ch r cc gi tr bit cho cc ng vo v ng ra ca hp. Ta cn c th kt ni n cc

hp logic khc v to ra mt t hp lin hp logic ring. Sau khi hp c t trong

mng, ta c th ko cng c Insert binary input t thanh cng c Favorites hay t

cy lnh v sau th n ln trn pha u vo ca hp thm nhiu ng vo. Ta cn

c th nhp chut phi ln b kt ni ng vo ca hp v chn Insert input.

Cc ng vo v ng ra ca hp c th c kt ni n mt hp logic khc, hay

ta c th nhp vo mt a ch bit hay tn k hiu bit i vi mt ng vo cha c

kt ni. Khi lnh trong hp c thc thi, trng thi ng vo hin ti c p dng cho

mch logic hp nh phn v nu ng th ng ra ca hp s l ng.


IN1, IN2 Bool Bit ng vo

Tt c cc ng vo ca hp AND phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.

Bt k ng vo no ca hp OR phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.

Mt s l cc ng vo ca hp XOR phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.




B o logic NOT

i vi lp tnh FBD, ta c th ko cng c Negate binary input t thanh

cng c Favorites hay t cy lnh v sau th n ln mt ng vo hay ng ra

to ra mt b o logic trn b kt ni ca hp .

Tip im NOT (LAD) chuyn i trng thi logic ca u vo dng tn hiu.

Nu khng c dng tn hiu vo trong tip im NOT, s c dng tn hiu i ra.

Nu c dng tn hiu vo trong tip im NOT, s khng c dng tn hiu i ra.

Cun dy ng ra (LAD)

Lnh xut cun dy s ghi mt gi tr cho mt bit ng ra. Nu bit ng ra ta ch

ra s dng nh danh b nh Q, th sau CPU s chuyn bit ng ra trong thanh ghi

nh tin trnh v on hoc off, thit lp gi tr bit c gn bng vi trng thi lung tn

hiu. Cc tn hiu ng ra cho c cu iu khin c ni n cc u cc Q ca S7

1200. Trong ch RUN, h thng CPU qut mt cch lin tc cc tn hiu ng vo,

x l cc trng thi ng vo theo chng trnh logic, v sau tc ng tr li bng

cch thit lp cc gi tr trng thi ng ra mi trong thanh ghi ng ra nh tin trnh.

Sau mi chu trnh thc thi chng trnh, h thng CPU chuyn phn ng trng thi

ng ra mi c lu tr trong thanh ghi nh tin trnh n cc u cc ni dy ng ra.

Ta c th xc nh mt kt qu ghi tc thi ca mt ng ra vt l bng cch s

dng :P theo sau dch chuyn Q (v d %Q3.4:P). i vi mt kt qu ghi tc




thi, cc gi tr d liu bit c ghi n ng ra nh tin trnh v trc tip n ng ra

vt l.


OUT Bool Bit c gn gi tr

Nu c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra, bit ng ra c t ln 1.

Nu khng c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra, bit ng ra c t

v 0.

Nu c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra o, bit ng ra c t v

0.

Nu khng c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra o, bit ng ra c

t ln 1.

Hp gn ng ra (FBD)

Trong lp trnh FBD, cc cun dy LAD c chuyn i thnh cc hp gn (=

v /=) m ta c th nh r mt a ch bit cho hp ng ra. Cc ng vo v ng ra ca

hp c th c kt ni vi khi logic khc hay ta c th nhp vo mt a ch bit.


OUT Bool Bit c gn gi tr

Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra l 1, bit OUT c t ln 1.

Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra l 0, bit OUT c t v 0.

Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra o l 1, bit OUT c t v 0.

Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra o l 0, bit OUT c t ln 1.




5.1.1.1. Cc lnh Set (t) v Reset (t li).

S v R: Set v Reset 1 bit

Khi lnh S (Set) c kch hot, gi tr d liu a ch OUT c t ln 1.

Khi lnh S khng c kch hot, ng ra OUT khng b thay i.

Khi lnh R (Reset) c kch hot, gi tr d liu a ch OUT c t v 0.

Khi lnh R khng c kch hot, ng ra OUT khng b thay i.

Nhng lnh ny c th c t ti bt c v tr no trong mch.


IN Bool V tr bit c gim st

OUT Bool V tr bit c t hoc t li

SET_BF v RESET_BF: Set v Reset mt trng bit


n Constant S lng cc bit ghi

OUT Phn t ca mt mng Boolean Phn t bt u ca mt trng bit c t

hay t li. V d #MyArray[3]




Khi SET_BF c kch hot, mt gi tr d liu bng 1 c gn cho n bit

bt u ti a ch OUT. Khi SET_BF khng c kch hot, a ch OUT

khng b thay i.

RESET_BF ghi mt gi tr d liu bng 0 n n bit bt u ti a ch OUT.

Khi RESET_BF khng c kch hot, a ch OUT khng b thay i.

Nhng lnh ny phi l lnh nm v bn phi trong mt nhnh.

RS v SR: cc mch cht ca bit set tri v reset tri

RS l mt mch cht set tri m set chim u th. Nu tn hiu set (S1) v reset

(R) u l ng, a ch ng ra OUT s bng 1.

SR l mt mch cht reset tri m reset chim u th. Nu tn hiu set (S) v

reset (R1) u l ng th a ch ng ra OUT s l 0.

Thng s OUT nh r a ch bit c set hay reset. Ng ra OUT ty chn (Q )

phn nh trng thi tn hiu ca a ch OUT.


S, S1 Bool Ng vo set; s 1 biu th s u th

R, R1 Bool Ng vo reset; s 1 biu th s u th

OUT Bool Ng ra ca bit c gn OUT

Q Bool Trng thi km theo ca bit OUT




Lnh S1 R Bit OUT

RS

0 0 Trng thi k trc

0 1 0

1 0 1

1 1 1

S R1 Bit OUT

SR

0 0 Trng thi k trc

0 1 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

5.1.1.2. Cc lnh ngng dng v m.

Cc b d qu dng v m





M_BIT Bool Bit nh trong trng thi k trc ca ng vo c lu tr

IN Bool Bit ng vo m ngng qu ca n l dng pht hin

OUT Bool Bit ng ra, cho bit mt ngng qu c pht hin

CLK Bool Lung tn hiu hay bit ng vo m ngng qu ca chng l

dng pht hin

Q Bool Ng ra biu th mt ngng c pht hin

Tip im P (LAD): trng thi ca tip im ny l TRUE khi mt s qu

dng (t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn bit IN c gn. Trng thi logic ca

tip im sau c kt hp vi dng tn hiu trong mch thit lp trng thi ng

ra ca dng tn hiu. Tip im P c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch,

ngoi tr v tr kt thc ca mt nhnh.

Tip im N (LAD): trng thi ca tip im ny l TRUE khi mt s qu

m (t ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn bit c gn. Trng thi logic ca tip im

sau c kt hp vi dng tn hiu trong mch thit lp trng thi ng ra ca

dng tn hiu. Tip im N c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch, ngoi

tr v tr kt thc ca mt nhnh.

Hp P (FBD): trng thi logic ng ra l TRUE khi mt s qu dng (t

OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn bit ng vo c gn. Hp P ch c th c nh

v ti v tr bt u ca mt nhnh.

Hp N (FBD): trng thi logic ng ra l TRUE mt s qu m (t ON

sang OFF) c pht hin trn bit ng vo c gn. Hp N ch c th c nh v ti

v tr bt u ca mt nhnh.

Cun dy P (LAD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu dng

(t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn dng tn hiu i vo cun dy. Dng tn hiu

trong mch lun chy xuyn qua cun dy, ng vai tr nh trng thi ng ra dng tn

hiu. Cun dy P c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch.




Cun dy N (LAD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu m (t

ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn dng tn hiu i vo cun dy. Dng tn hiu trong

mch lun chy xuyn qua cun dy, ng vai tr nh trng thi ng ra dng tn hiu.

Cun dy N c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch.

Hp P= (FBD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu dng (t

OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn trng thi logic ti kt ni ng vo ca hp hoc

trn s gn bit ng vo, nu hp ny c nh v ti im khi u ca mt nhnh.

Trng thi logic ng vo lun chy xuyn qua hp ging nh trng thi logic ng ra.

Hp P= c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong nhnh.

Hp N= (FBD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu m (t ON

sang OFF) c pht hin trn trng thi logic ti kt ni ng vo ca hp hoc trn s

gn bit ng vo, nu hp ny c nh v ti im khi u ca mt nhnh. Trng

thi logic ng vo lun chy xuyn qua hp ging nh trng thi logic ng ra. Hp N=

c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong nhnh.

P_TRIG (LAD/FBD): dng tn hiu ng ra Q hoc trng thi logic l TRUE

khi mt s qu dng (t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn trng thi ng vo

CLK (FBD) hay trn dng tn hiu CLK (LAD). Trong ngn ng LAD, lnh P_TRIG

khng th c nh v ti v tr khi u hay kt thc ca mt mch. Trong ngn ng

FBD, lnh P_TRIG c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no, ngoi tr v tr cui ca

mt nhnh.

N_TRIG (LAD/FBD): dng tn hiu ng ra Q hoc trng thi logic l TRUE

khi mt s qu m (t ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn trng thi ng vo CLK

(FBD) hay trn dng tn hiu CLK (LAD). Trong ngn ng LAD, lnh N_TRIG

khng th c nh v ti v tr khi u hay kt thc ca mt mch. Trong ngn ng

FBD, lnh N_TRIG c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no, ngoi tr v tr cui ca

mt nhnh.

Tt c cc lnh ngng s dng mt bit nh (M_BIT) lu tr trng thi k

trc ca tn hiu ng vo ang c gim st. Mt ngng c pht hin bng cch

so snh trng thi ca tn hiu ng vo vi trng thi ca bit nh. Nu cc trng thi

cho bit rng mt s thay i ca tn hiu theo hng cn quan tm th sau mt




ngng c thut li bng vic ghi gi tr ng ra TRUE. Nu khng, ng ra c

ghi l FALSE.

Lu

Cc lnh ngng s nh gi cc gi tr ca ng vo v bit nh trong mi ln

chng c thc thi, k c ln thc thi u tin. Ta phi tnh n cc trng thi ban

u ca ng vo v bit nh trong thit k chng trnh cho php hay trnh s

pht hin ngng trn ln qut u tin.

Do bit nh phi c duy tr t mt ln thc thi n ln thc thi tip theo, ta

nn dng mt bit n nht cho mi lnh ngng, v khng nn dng bit ny ti bt k

v tr no khc trong chng trnh. Ngoi ra ta cn nn trnh b nh tm thi v b

nh m c th b tc ng n bi nhng hm h thng khc, v d nh mt cp nht

I/O. Ch s dng b nh M, b nh DB tng th hay b nh Static (trong DB mu) cho

vic gn vng nh M_BIT.




5.1.2. Cc b nh th (Timer).

Ta s dng cc lnh nh th to ra cc tr hon thi gian c lp trnh.

TP : b nh th xung pht ra mt xung vi b rng xung c t trc.

TON : ng ra ca b nh th ON delay Q c t ln ON sau mt s tr

hon thi gian t trc.

TOF : ng ra Q ca b nh th OFF delay c t li v OFF sau mt s

tr hon thi gian t trc.

TONR : ng ra b nh th c kh nng nh ON delay c t ln ON sau

mt tr hon thi gian t trc. Thi gian tri qua c tch ly qua nhiu giai

on nh th cho n khi ng vo R c s dng t li thi gian tri qua.

RT : t li mt b nh th bng cch xa d liu thi gian c lu tr

trong khi d liu tc thi ca b nh th xc nh.

Mi b nh th s dng mt cu trc c lu tr trong mt khi d liu nhm

duy tr d liu nh th. Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh nh th c t trong

trnh son tho.

Khi ta t cc lnh nh th trong mt khi hm, ta c th la chn ty chn

khi d liu Multi instance, cc tn cu trc nh th c th khc nhau vi nhng cu

trc d liu ring bit, nhng d liu nh th c cha trong mt khi d liu n v

khng cn mt khi d liu ring bit cho mi b nh th. iu ny lm gim thi

gian x l v ni lu tr cn thit cho vic x l cc b nh th. Khng c mi tng

tc gia nhng cu trc d liu nh th trong khi d liu Multi instance c chia

s.

Cc b nh th TP, TON v TOF c cc thng s ng

vo v ng ra ging nhau.




B nh th TONR c thng s ng vo t li c

thm vo R. Ta to ra mt Timer name ring ch nh

Data Block nh th v miu t mc ch ca b nh

th ny trong chu trnh.

Lnh RT t li d liu nh th cho b nh th c

ch nh.


IN Bool Ng vo b nh th cho php

R Bool t li thi gian tri qua ca TONR v 0

PT Bool Ng vo gi tr thi gian t trc

Q Bool Ng ra b nh th

ET Time Ng ra gi tr thi gian tri qua

Khi d liu nh th DB Ch ra b nh th no t li vi lnh RT

Thng s IN khi ng v dng cc b nh th:

S qu t 0 ln 1 ca thng s IN lm khi ng cc b nh th TP, TON v

TONR.

S qu t 1 v 0 ca thng s IN lm khi ng b nh th TOF.

Bng di y th hin tc ng ca nhng s thay i gi tr trong cc thng

s PT v IN.




B nh th Nhng thay i trong cc thng s PT v IN

TP Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.

Thay i IN khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.

TON

Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.

Thay i IN sang FALSE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s t li

v dng b nh th.

TOF

Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.

Thay i IN sang TRUE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s t li

v dng b nh th.

TONR

Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh,

nhng c nh hng khi nh th khi phc li.

Thay i IN sang FALSE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s dng

b nh th nhng khng t li b nh th. Thay i IN tr li sang

TRUE s lm b nh th bt u tnh ton thi gian t gi tr thi

gian c tch ly.




Cc gi tr TIME.

Cc gi tr PT (preset time thi gian t trc) v ET (elapsed time thi

gian tri qua) c lu tr trong b nh nh cc s nguyn double c du, tng

trng cho nhng mili giy thi gian. D liu TIME s dng b nh danh T# v c th

c nhp vo nh mt n v thi gian thun ty T#200ms hay nh cc n v thi

gian phc hp T#2s_200ms.

Kiu d liu Kch c Phm vi s hp l

TIME 32 bit

T#-24d_20h_31m_23s_648ms n

T#24d_20h_31m_23s_647ms

2.147.483.648 ms n + 2.147.483.647 ms

Lu

Vng gi tr m ca kiu d liu TIME c th hin trn khng th c s

dng vi cc lnh nh th. Cc gi tr PT (thi gian t trc) m c t v 0 khi

lnh nh th c thc thi. ET (thi gian tri qua) lun lun l mt gi tr dng.




5.1.3. Cc b m (Counter).

5.1.3.1. Cc b m.

Ta s dng cc lnh b m m cc s kin chng trnh bn trong v cc

s kin x l bn ngoi:

CTU: b m m ln.

CTD: b m m xung.

CTUD: b m m ln v xung.

Mi b m s dng mt cu trc c lu tr trong mt khi d liu nhm

duy tr d liu m. Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh m c t trong trnh son

tho. Cc lnh ny s dng cc b m phn mm vi tc m cc i b gii hn

bi tc s thc thi ca OB m n c cha trong . OB m cc lnh c t

trong n phi c thc thi thng xuyn pht hin tt c cc chuyn i ca

cc ng vo CU hay CD.

Khi t cc lnh b m vo trong mt khi hm, ta c th la chn ty chn

khi d liu Multi instance, cc tn gi cu trc b m c th khc vi cc cu trc

d liu ring bit, nhng d liu b m th c cha trong mt khi d liu n v

khng cn mt khi d liu ring bit cho mi b m. iu ny lm gim thi gian

x l v gim ni lu tr d liu cn cho cc b m. Khng c mi tng tc no

gia nhng cu trc d liu b m trong khi d liu Multi instance c chia s.

La chn kiu d liu gi tr m t danh sch th

xung di tn hp.

Ta to ra mt Counter name ring ch nh Data

Block b m v miu t mc ch ca b m ny

trong chu trnh.





CU, CD Bool m ln hay m xung, bi mt ln m

R (CTU, CTUD) Bool t li gi tr m v 0

LOAD (CTD, CTUD) Bool Np iu khin cho gi tr t trc

PV SInt, Int, DInt,

USInt, UInt, UDInt Gi tr m t trc

Q, QU Bool ng nu CV >= PV

QD Bool ng nu CV



CTD: CTD m xung 1 n v khi gi tr ca thng s CD thay i t 0 ln 1.

Nu gi tr ca thng s CV (Current count value gi tr m hin thi) nh hn

hoc bng 0 th thng s ng ra ca b m Q = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s LOAD

thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr ti thng s PV (Preset count value gi tr t trc) c

np n b m nh mt gi tr CV mi. Hnh di y th hin mt gin nh th

CTD vi mt gi tr m l s nguyn khng du (vi PV = 3).

CTUD: CTUD m ln hay xung 1 n v theo s qu t 0 ln 1 ca ng

vo m ln (Count up CU) hay m xung (Count down CD). Nu gi tr ca

thng s CV (gi tr m hin thi) ln hn hoc bng gi tr thng s PV (gi tr m

t trc) th thng s ng ra ca b m QU = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s CV nh

hn hay bng 0, thng s ng ra ca b m QD = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s LOAD

thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr ti thng s PV c np n b m nh mt gi tr CV

mi. Nu gi tr ca thng s t li R thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr m hin thi s c

xa v 0. Hnh di y cho thy mt biu m thi gian CTUD vi mt gi tr

m s nguyn khng du (vi PV = 4).




5.1.3.2. Lnh CTRL_HSC.

Lnh CTRL_HSC iu khin cc b m tc cao c s dng m cc

s kin xut hin nhanh hn tc thc thi OB. Tc m ca cc lnh b m

CTU, CTD v CTUD b gii hn bi tc thc thi ca OB m chng c cha

trong .

Mt ng dng thng dng ca cc b m tc cao l m cc xung c

sinh ra bi mt my pht xung c trc iu khin chuyn ng.

Mi lnh CTRL_HSC s dng mt cu trc

sc lu tr trong mt khi d liu duy tr d liu.

Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh CTRL_HSC c

t trong trnh son tho

.




Thng s Kiu

thng s

Kiu d

liu Miu t

HSC IN HW_HSC B nh danh HSC

DIR IN Bool 1 = yu cu hng m mi

CV IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr m mi

RV IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr tham chiu mi

PERIOD IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr chu k mi (ch

dnh cho ch o tn s)

NEW_DIR IN Int Hng m mi:

1 = tin; 1 = li

NEW_CV IN Dint Gi tr m mi

NEW_RV IN Dint Gi tr tham chiu mi

NEW_PERIOD IN Int Gi tr chu k mi (s): .01, .1 hay 1 (ch dnh

cho ch o tn s)

BUSY OUT Bool Chc nng bn

STATUS OUT Word M iu kin thc thi

Ta phi cu hnh cc b m tc cao trong thit lp s cu hnh thit b PLC

cho n trc khi c th s dng cc b m tc cao trong chng trnh. Vic

thit lp cu hnh thit b HSC la chn cc ch m, cc kt ni I/O, phn vng

ngt, v s vn hnh nh mt b m tc cao hoc nh mt thit b dng o tn s

xung. Ta c th vn hnh b m tc cao vi c hay khng c iu khin chng

trnh.

Nhiu thng s cu hnh b m tc cao ch c thit lp trong cu hnh

thit b cho n. Mt vi thng s b m tc cao c khi chy trong cu hnh

thit b n, nhng khng th c chnh sa v sau di s iu khin chng

trnh.

Cc thng s ca lnh CTRL_HSC cung cp s iu khin chng trnh ca

tin trnh m:




Thit lp hng m n mt gi tr NEW_DIR.

Thit lp gi tr m hin thi n mt gi tr NEW_CV.

Thit lp gi tr tham chiu n mt gi tr NEW_RV.

Thit lp gi tr chu k (cho ch o tn s) n mt gi tr NEW_PERIOD.

Nu cc gi tr c boolean sau y c t ln 1 khi lnh CTRL_HSC c

thc thi, gi tr NEW_xxx tng ng c np n b m. Nhiu yu cu (tc l c

nhiu hn mt c c t ti cng mt thi im) c x l trong mt s thc thi

n thun ca lnh CTRL_HSC.

DIR = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_DIR; DIR = 0: khng thay i.

CV = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_CV; CV = 0: khng thay i.

RV = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_RV; RV = 0: khng thay i.

PERIOD = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_PERIOD; PERIOD = 0: khng

thay i.

Lnh CTRL_HSC thng c t trong mt OB ngt phn cng, OB ny

c thc hin khi s kin ngt phn cng b m c kch hot. Ly v d, nu mt

s kin CV = RV kch hot vic ngt b m, mt khi m OB ngt phn cng sau

s thc thi lnh CTRL_HSC v c th thay i gi tr tham chiu bng cch np mt

gi tr NEW_RV.

Gi tr m hin thi th khng c sn trong cc thng s ca CTRL_HSC. a

ch nh tin trnh lu tr gi tr m hin thi c gn gi tr trong sut s cu hnh

phn cng b m tc cao. Ta c th s dng chng trnh logic c trc tip

gi tr m v gi tr c tr li chng trnh s l mt s m ng trong lcm b

m c c. B m s tip tc m cc s kin tc cao. V vy, gi tr m

thc t c th thay i trc khi chng trnh hon thnh mt chu trnh s dng mt

gi tr m c.

Cc chi tit thng s CTRL_HSC:

Nu mt cp nht ca mt gi tr thng s khng c yu cu, cc gi tr ng

vo tng ng s b b qua.




Thng s DIR ch c hp l nu mnh lnh m cu hnh c t v User

program (internal direction control). Ta xc nh s dng thng s ny trn

cu hnh thit b HSC nh th no.

i vi mt HSC S7 1200 trn CPU hay trn Signal Board, thng s BUSY

lun lun mang gi tr l 0.

Cc m iu kin: trong trng hp c li, ENO c t v 0 v ng ra STATUS

cha mt m iu kin.

Gi tr STATUS

(W#16#...) Miu t

0 Khng c li

80A1 Nhn dng HSC khng ghi a ch HSC

80B1 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_DIR

80B2 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_CV

80B3 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_RV

80B4 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_PERIOD




5.1.3.3. Hot ng ca b m tc cao.

Mt b m tc cao (HSC) c th c s dng nh mt ng vo cho mt

b m ha trc tng. B m ha trc cung cp mt s lng xc nh s m trn mi

vng quay v mt xung t li xut hin ch mt ln cho mi vng. Xung ng h v

xung t li t b m ha trc cung cp cc ng vo n HSC.

Mt HSC c np vi thit lp trc u tin trong s cc thit lp trc

(preset), v cc ng ra c kch hot cho chu trnh thi gian m gi tr m hin

thi nh hn thit lp trc hin thi. HSC mang li mt s ngt khi gi tr m hin

thi bng vi gi tr thit lp trc, khi s t li xut hin, v cn khi c mt thay i

nh hng.

V mi s kin ngt vi gi tr m hin thi bng vi gi tr t trc xut

hin, mt s t li mi c np v trng thi k tip ca cc ng ra c thit lp.

Khi s kin ngt t li xut hin, s t li u tin v cc trng thi ng ra u tin

c thit lp, v chu trnh c lp li.

Do cc ngt xut hin vi mt tc thp hn nhiu so vi tc m ca

HSC, vic iu khin chnh xc ca cc vn hnh vi tc cao c th c thc thi

vi nh hng nh mt cch tng i n chu trnh qut ca CPU. Phng php vi

phn ngt km theo cho php mi ln np mt thit lp trc c thc hin trong mt

on chng trnh ngt ring iu khin trng thi d dng. (Nh mt s la chn,

tt c cc s kin ngt c th c thc thi trong mt on chng trnh ngt n

thun.)

La chn chc nng cho b m tc cao HSC

Tt c cc HSC hot ng theo cch thc ging nhau i vi mt ch b

m tng ng trong vn hnh. C 4 kiu c bn ca HSC:

B m mt pha vi iu khin nh hng bn trong

B m mt pha vi iu khin nh hng bn ngoi

B m hai pha vi 2 ng vo ng h m (clock)

B m trng thi vung pha A/B




Ta c th s dng mi kiu HSC vi c/khng c ng vo t li. Khi ta kch

hot ng vo t li (vi mt vi hn ch, xem bng di y), gi tr hin thi c

xa v c gi trng cho n khi ta gii hot ng vo t li.

Chc nng tn s: mt ch HSC cho php HSC c cu hnh (kiu m)

bo co li tn s thay v gi tr m hin ti cc xung. C sn 3 thi k o tn

s khc nhau: 0,01, 0,1 v 1,0 giy.

Thi k o tn s xc nh mc HSC thng xuyn tnh ton v bo co mt

gi tr tn s mi. Tn s c bo co l mt gi tr trung bnh c xc nh bi tng

s lng s m trong thi k o cui cng. Nu tn s thay i mt cch nhanh

chng, gi tr c bo co s l mt trung gian gia tn s cao nht v thp nht xut

hin trong sut thi k o. Tn s lun c xc nh theo Hertz (s lng xung trong

mi giy) bt chp s thit lp thi k o tn s.

Cc ch v cc ng vo ca b m: bng di y th hin cc ng vo

c s dng cho ng h, iu khin nh hng v cc chc nng t li lin

quan n HSC.

Mt ng vo ging nhau khng th c s dng cho hai chc nng khc nhau,

nhng bt k ng vo no m ang khng c s dng bi ch hin thi HSC ca

n th c th c s dng cho mt mc ch khc. V d, nu HSC1 trong ch s

dng cc ng vo gn lin nhng khng s dng t li bn ngoi (I0.3) th I0.3 c th

c s dng cho cc ngt ngng hoc cho HSC2.




Miu t Gn ng vo mc nh Chc nng

HSC

HSC1

Tch hp hay

Signal Board hay

mn hnh PTO 01

I0.0

I4.0

Xung PTO

0

I0.1

I4.1

Mnh lnh

PTO 0

I0.3

I4.3

_

HSC:

Tch hp hay

Signal Board hay

mn hnh PTO 11

I0.2

I4.2

Xung PTO

1

I0.3

I4.3

Mnh lnh

PTO 1

I0.1

I4.1

_

HSC32

Tch hp I0.4 I0.5 I0.7

HSC43 Tch hp I0.6 I0.7 I0.5

HSC54

Tch hp hay

Signal Board

I1.0

I4.0

I1.1

I4.1

I1.2

I4.3

HSC64

Tch hp hay

Signal Board

I1.3

I4.2

I1.4

I4.3

I1.5

I4.1

Ch

B m mt pha vi iu

khin nh hng bn trong

ng h

m

_

_ m hay tn s

Reset m

B m mt pha vi iu

khin nh hng bn ngoi

ng h

m

Mnh lnh

_ m hay tn s

Reset m

B m hai pha vi 2 tn hiu

vo clock

ng h

m ln

ng h m

xung

_ m hay tn s

Reset m

B m trng thi vung pha

A/B

Pha A

Pha B

_ m hay tn s

Pha Z m

Gim st cc tn hiu ra

chui xung (PTO)1

ng h

m Mnh lnh _ m

1 Vic gim st cc ng ra chui xung lun lun s dng ng h m v mnh lnh.

Nu ng ra PTO tng ng ch c cu hnh cho xung, ng ra ca lnh thng thng

c thit lp cho vic m gi tr dng.




2 HSC3 vi mt ng vo t li th khng dng c cho CPU 1211C vn ch h tr 6

ng vo tch hp.

3 HSC4 khng dng c cho CPU 1211C vn ch h tr 6 ng vo tch hp.

4 HSC5 v HSC6 ch c h tr bi CPU 1211C v CPU 1212C khi mt bng mch

tn hiu c lp t.

Truy xut gi tr hin thi cho HSC

CPU lu tr gi tr hin thi ca mi HSC trong mt a ch ng vo (I). Bng

di y th hin cc a ch mc nh c gn cho gi tr hin hnh ca mi HSC.

Ta c th thay i a ch I ca gi tr hin thi bng cch chnh sa cc thuc tnh ca

CPU trong mc Device Configuration.

B m tc cao Kiu d liu a ch mc nh

HSC1 DInt ID1000

HSC2 DInt ID1004

HSC3 DInt ID1008

HSC4 DInt ID1012

HSC5 DInt ID1016

HSC6 DInt ID1020

Cc im I/O s c gn n cc thit b HSC khng th b tc ng.

Cc im I/O s c s dng bi cc thit b m tc cao c gn gi tr

trong sut s cu hnh thit b. Khi cc a ch im I/O c gn n nhng thit b

ny, gi tr ca cc a ch im I/O khng th c chnh sa bi hm tc ng

bng Watch.




5.1.3.4. Cu hnh cho HSC.

CPU cho php ta cu hnh n 6 b m tc cao. cu hnh cc thng s

cho mi HSC ring bit, ta chnh sa phn Properties ca CPU.

Sau khi kch hot HSC, ta cu

hnh cc thng s khc nh chc nng

m, cc gi tr ban u, cc ty chn

t li v cc s kin ngt.

Sau khi cu hnh HSC, ta s

dng lnh CTRL_HSC trong chng

trnh iu khin s vn hnh ca

HSC.




5.1.4. So snh.

Ta s dng cc lnh so snh so snh hai gi tr ca cng mt kiu d liu.

Khi vic so snh tip im LAD l TRUE, tip im ny c kch hot. Khi vic so

snh hp FBD l TRUE, ng ra ca hp s l TRUE.

Sau khi nhp chut ln lnh trong trnh son tho chng trnh, ta c th la

chn kiu so snh v kiu d liu t cc trnh n th xung.

Kiu quan h S so snh l ng nu:

= = IN1 bng IN2

IN1 khng bng IN2

>= IN1 ln hn hay bng IN2

IN1 ln hn IN2

< IN1 nh hn IN2


IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, Dint, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,

LReal, String, Char, Time, DTL, Constant Cc gi tr so snh




Cc lnh IN_RANGE v OUT_RANGE

Ta s dng cc lnh IN_RANGE v

OUT_RANGE kim tra trong trng hp mt gi tr

ng vo nm trong hay nm ngoi mc gi tr c

nh sn. Nu s so snh l TRUE th ng ra ca hp

l TRUE.

Cc thng s ng vo MIN, VAL v MAX phi c cng kiu d liu.

Sau khi nhp chut ln lnh trong trnh son tho chng trnh, ta c th la

chn kiu d liu t cc trnh n th xung.

Kiu quan h S so snh l ng nu:

IN_RANGE MIN



Cc lnh OK v NOT_OK

Ta s dng cc lnh OK v NOT_OK kim tra xem mt s tham chiu d

liu ng vo c phi l mt s thc hp l hay khng theo tiu chun IEE 754. Khi

tip im LAD l TRUE, tip im c kch hot v cho dng tn hiu i qua. Khi

hp FBD l TRUE, ng ra ca hp nhn gi tr TRUE.

Mt gi tr Real hay LReal l khng hp l nu n l +/ INF (infinity: v

cng), NaN (not a number: khng phi mt s), hay nu n l mt gi tr khng c

chun ha. Gi tr khng c chun ha y l mt con s rt gn vi 0. CPU thay

th bng s 0 i vi mt con s khng c chun ha trong tnh ton.

Lnh S kim tra s thc l TRUE nu:

OK Gi tr ng vo l mt s thc hp l

NOT_OK Gi tr ng vo khng phi l mt s thc hp l


IN Real, LReal D liu ng vo




5.1.5. Php ton.

Cc lnh cng, tr, nhn v chia

Ta s dng mt lnh hp php ton lp trnh cc vn hnh php ton c bn:

ADD : php cng (IN1 + IN2 = OUT)

SUB : php tr (IN1 IN2 = OUT)

MUL : php nhn (IN1 * IN2 = OUT)

DIV : php chia (IN1 / IN2 = OUT)

Mt hot ng chia s nguyn s ct b phn phn s ca thng s to ra

mt tn hiu ra s nguyn. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu

t trnh n th xung.

Lu

Cc thng s lnh php ton c bn IN1, IN2 v OUT phi c kiu d liu

ging nhau.


IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Constant Cc ng vo php ton

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton

Khi c cho php (EN = 1), lnh php ton thc hin hot ng c nh r

trn cc gi tr ng vo (IN1 v IN2) v lu tr kt qu trong a ch nh c xc




nh bi thng s ng ra (OUT). Sau mt s hon tt thnh cng php ton, lnh s t

ENO = 1.

Trng

thi ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0

Gi tr kt qu tnh ton c th vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu

c chn. Phn trng s thp nht trong kt qu m va vi kch thc ni

n th c tr v.

0 Php chia cho 0 (IN2 = 0): kt qu khng c xc nh v s 0 c tr li.

0 Real/LReal: nu mt trong cc gi tr ng vo l NaN (khng phi mt s) th

NaN c tr li.

0 ADD Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN u l INF vi du khc nhau, y l

mt php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.

0 SUB Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN u l INF v cng du, y l mt

php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.

0 MUL Real/LReal: nu mt gi tr IN l 0 cn gi tr kia l INF, y l mt

php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.

0 DIV Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN l 0 hoc l INF, y l mt php ton

khng hp l v NaN c tr li.




5.1.5.1. Lnh MOD.

Ta s dng lnh MOD (modulo) cho php ton IN1 modulo IN2. Php ton IN1

MOD IN2 = IN1 (IN1/IN2) = thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn

mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.

Lu

Cc thng s IN1, IN2 v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.


IN1 v IN2 Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Constant Cc ng vo modulo

OUT Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt Ng ra modulo

Trng thi ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0 Gi tr IN2 = 0, OUT c gn gi tr bng 0




Lnh NEG

Ta s dng lnh NEG (php o) o ngc du s hc ca gi tr ti thng

s IN v lu tr kt qu trong thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn

mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.

Lu

Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.


IN SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal, Constant Ng vo php ton

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton

Trng

thi ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0

Gi tr kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c chn. V d i

vi SInt: NEG ( 128) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti a ca kiu d

liu ny.




Cc lnh tng v gim

Ta s dng cc lnh INC v DEC :

Tng gi tr mt s nguyn c du hoc khng

du. INC: gi tr thng s IN/OUT + 1 = gi tr

thng s IN/OUT.

Gim gi tr mt s nguyn c du hoc khng

du. DEC: gi tr thng s IN/OUT 1 = gi tr

thng s IN/OUT.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.


IN/OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt Ng vo v ng ra php ton

Trng

thi ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0

Gi tr kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c chn. V d i

vi SInt: INC (127) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti a ca kiu d liu

ny.




Lnh gi tr tuyt i

Ta s dng lnh ABS nhn c gi tr tuyt i ca mt s nguyn c du

hoc mt s thc ti thng s IN v lu tr kt qu trong thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo

pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.

Lu

Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.


IN SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng vo php ton

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton

Trng thi

ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0

Gi tr kt qu php ton vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c

chn. V d i vi SInt: ABS ( 128) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti

a ca kiu d liu ny.




Lnh MIN v MAX

Ta s dng lnh MIN (minimum: cc tiu) v MAX

(maximum: cc i) nh sau:

Lnh MIN so snh gi tr ca hai thng s IN1

v IN2 v gn gi tr cc tiu (nh hn) cho

thng s OUT.

Lnh MAX so snh gi tr ca hai thng s IN1

v IN2 v gn gi tr cc i (ln hn) cho

thng s OUT.


Lu

Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu gi tr ging nhau.


IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Constant Cc ng vo php ton

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real Ng ra php ton

Trng thi

ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0

(Ch i vi d liu kiu Real)

Mt hay c hai ng vo khng phi l mt s thc (NaN).

Kt qu OUT l +/ INF (v cng)




Lnh gii hn

Ta s dng lnh LIMIT kim tra xem gi tr ca

thng s IN c nm bn trong phm vi gi tr xc nh

bi cc thng s MIN v MAX hay khng. Gi tr

OUT c gi li ti gi tr MIN hay MAX, nu gi tr

IN nm ngoi phm vi ny.

Nu gi tr thng s IN nm trong phm vi xc nh, gi tr IN c lu tr

trong thng s OUT.

Nu gi tr thng s IN nm ngoi phm vi xc nh, gi tr OUT s l gi tr

ca thng s MIN (nu IN nh hn MIN) hoc s l gi tr ca thng s MAX

(nu IN ln hn MAX).


Lu

Cc thng s MIN, IN, MAX v OUT phi c kiu gi tr ging nhau.


MIN, IN v MAX SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,

Constant Cc ng vo php ton

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real Ng ra php ton

Trng thi

ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li

0 Real: nu mt hay nhiu hn cc gi tr ca MIN, IN v MAX l NaN

(khng phi mt s) th NaN s c tr v.

0 Nu MIN ln hn MAX, gi tr IN c gn n OUT.




Cc lnh ton hc du phy ng

Ta s dng cc lnh du phy ng lp trnh vic vn hnh ton hc s dng

kiu d liu Real hay LReal:

SQR : bnh phng (IN2 = OUT)

SQRT : cn bc hai )( OUTIN

LN : logarite t nhin (LN(IN) = OUT)

EXP : ly tha t nhin (eIN = OUT) vi c s e = 2,71828182845904523536

SIN : hm sin (sin(IN radian) = OUT)

COS : hm cos (cos(IN radian) = OUT)

TAN : hm tan (tan(IN radian) = OUT)

ASIN : sin ngc (arcsin (IN) = OUT)

ACOS : cos ngc (arccos (IN) = OUT)

ATAN: tan ngc (arctan (IN) = OUT)

FRAC : phn s (phn phn s ca s c du phy ng IN = OUT)

EXPT : ly tha tng qut (IN1IN2 = OUT)

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu

d liu t trnh n th xung. Cc thng s EXPT l

IN1 v OUT lun lun l Real. Ta c th la chn kiu

d liu cho thng s s m IN2.


IN, IN1 Real, LReal, Constant Cc ng vo

IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,

LReal, Constant Ng vo s m EXPT

OUT Real, LReal Ng ra




Trng

thi ENO Lnh iu kin Kt qu (OUT)

1 Tt c Khng c li Kt qu hp l

0

SQR

Kt qu vt qu phm vi Real/LReal hp

l + INF

IN l +/ NaN (khng phi s) + NaN

SQRT

IN m NaN

IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN

LN

IN bng 0, s m, INF hay NaN NaN

IN l + INF hay + NaN + INF hay + NaN

EXP

Kt qu vt qu phm vi Real/LReal hp

l + INF

IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN

SIN, COS, TAN IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN

ASIN, ACOS

IN nm ngoi phm vi hp l t 1 n +

1 + NaN

IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN

ATAN IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN

FRAC IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN + NaN

EXPT

IN1 l + INF v IN2 khng phi l INF + INF

IN1 m hay bng INF

+ NaN nu IN2 l

Real/ LReal;

INF vi trng hp

khc

IN1 hay IN2 l +/ NaN + NaN

IN1 bng 0 v IN2 (ch) l Real/LReal + NaN




5.1.6. Di chuyn.

Cc lnh di chuyn v di chuyn khi

Ta s dng cc lnh di chuyn sao chp cc phn t d liu n mt a ch

nh mi v chuyn i t mt kiu d liu ny sang kiu khc. D liu ngun khng

b thay i trong qu trnh di chuyn.

MOVE: sao chp mt phn t d liu c lu tr ti mt a ch xc nh n

mt a ch mi.

MOVE_BLK: di chuyn c th ngt m sao chp mt khi cc phn t d liu

n mt a ch mi.

UMOVE_BLK: di chuyn khng ngt c m sao chp mt khi cc phn t

d liu n mt a ch mi.

MOVE


IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Byte,

Word, DWord, Char, Array, Struct, DTL, Time a ch ngun

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Byte,

Word, DWord, Char, Array, Struct, DTL, Time a ch ch

MOVE_BLK, UMOVE_BLK


IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord

a ch bt u

ngun

COUNT UInt S lng phn t d

liu sao chp

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord a ch bt u ch




Lu

Cc quy tc i vi hot ng sao chp d liu:

sao chp kiu d liu Bool, s dng SET_BF, RESET_BF, R, S hoc cun

dy ng ra (LAD).

sao chp mt kiu d liu c bn n l, s dng MOVE.

sao chp mt mng kiu d liu c bn, s dng MOVE_BLK hay

UMOVE_BLK.

sao chp mt cu trc, s dng MOVE.

sao chp mt chui, s dng S_CONV.

sao chp mt k t n l trong mt chui, s dng MOVE

Lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK khng th c dng sao chp cc

mng hay cu trc n cc vng nh I, Q hay M.

Lnh MOVE sao chp mt phn t d liu n l t mt a ch ngun c

xc nh bi thng s IN n a ch ch c xc nh bi thng s OUT.

Lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK c mt thng s thm vo l COUNT.

Thng s COUNT ch ra c bao nhiu phn t d liu c sao chp. S lng cc

byte trong mi phn t c sao chp ph thuc vo kiu d liu c gn cho tn gn

nhn ca thng s IN v OUT trong bng gn nhn PLC.

Cc lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK khc nhau cch thc m cc ngt

c thc hin:

Cc s kin ngt c xp hng v c x l trong sut vic thc thi

MOVE_BLK. S dng lnh MOVE_BLK khi d liu ti a ch di chuyn ch

khng c s dng bn trong mt chng trnh con OB ngt, hoc nu n

c s dng th d liu ch khng bt buc phi l nht qun. Nu mt hot

ng MOVE_BLK b ngt, phn t d liu sau cng c di chuyn s hon tt

v nht qun ti a ch ch. Hot ng MOVE_BLK c khi phc li sau

khi thc thi OB ngt hon tt.




Cc s kin ngt c xp hng nhng khng c x l cho n khi thc thi

UMOVE_BLK hon tt. S dng lnh MOVE_BLK khi hot ng di chuyn

phi c hon tt v d liu ch nht qun, trc s thc thi ca mt chng

trnh con OB ngt.

ENO lun lun ng theo s thc thi ca lnh MOVE.

Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu

1 Khng c li Tt c phn t COUNT c

sao chp thnh cng.

0

C phm vi ngun (IN) hay

phm vi ch (OUT) vt qu

vng nh c sn

Cc phn t ph hp c sao

chp. Cc phn t l ra khng c

sao chp.




Cc lnh lp y

Ta s dng cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK nh

sau:

FILL_BLK: lnh lp y c th ngt s lp y

mt phm vi a ch bng cc bn sao ca mt

phn t d liu xc nh.

UFILL_BLK: lnh lp y khng ngt c s

lp y mt phm vi a ch bng cc bn sao

ca mt phn t d liu xc nh.


IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord a ch ngun d liu

COUNT USInt, UInt S lng cc phn t d

liu sao chp

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord a ch ch d liu

Lu :

Cc quy tc i vi vic thc thi lp y

lp y vi kiu d liu Bool, s dng SET_BF, RESET, R, S, hay cun

dy ng ra (LAD).

lp y vi kiu d liu c bn n l, s dng MOVE.

lp y vi mt mng kiu d liu c bn, s dng FILL_BLK hay

UFILL_BLK.

lp y mt k t n l trong mt chui, s dng MOVE.

Cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK khng th c s dng lp y cc

mng trong cc vng nh I, Q, hay M.




Cc lnh FIll_BLK v UFILL_BLK sao chp phn t d liu ngun IN n

ch ti a ch ban u c xc nh bi thng s OUT. Tin trnh sao chp lp

li v mt khi cc a ch k cn nhau c lp y cho n khi s lng cc bn sao

bng vi thng s COUNT.

Cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK khc nhau cch thc m cc ngt c

thc hin:

Cc s kin ngt c xp hng v c x l trong sut vic thc thi

FILL_BLK. S dng lnh FILL_BLK khi d liu ti a ch ch di chuyn th

khng c s dng bn trong mt chng trnh con OB ngt, hoc nu n

c s dng th d liu ch khng buc phi nht qun.

Cc s kin ngt c xp hng nhng khng c x l cho n khi thc thi

UFILL_BLK hon tt. S dng lnh UFILL_BLK khi hot ng di chuyn phi

c hon tt v d liu ch nht qun, trc s thc thi ca mt chng trnh

con OB ngt.

Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu

1 Khng c li. Phn t IN c sao chp thnh

cng n tt c cc ch n COUNT.

0 Phm vi ch (OUT) vt qu

vng nh c sn.

Cc phn t ph hp c sao chp.

Cc phn t l ra khng c sao

chp.




5.1.6.1. Lnh tro i.

Ta s dng lnh SWAP o ngc trt t

byte cho cc phn t d liu 2 byte v 4 byte. Khng c

s thay i no c thc hin n trt t bit trong

phm vi mi byte.

ENO lun lun nhn gi tr TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh SWAP.



IN Word, DWord Cc byte d liu c sp xp IN

OUT Word, DWord o ngc cc byte d liu c sp xp OUT

V d: thng s IN = MB0

trc s thc thi SWAP

V d: thng s OUT = MB4

sau s thc thi SWAP

a ch MB0 MB1 MB4 MB5

W#16#1234 12 34 34 12

Word MSB LSB MSB LSB

a ch MB0 MB MB2 MB3 MB4 MB5 MB6 MB7

DW#16#12345678 12 34 56 78 78 56 34 12

DWord MSB LSB MSB LSB




5.1.7. Chuyn i.

Lnh chuyn i

Ta s dng lnh CONVERT chuyn i mt

phn t d liu t mt kiu d liu ny sang mt kiu

d liu khc. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn

cc kiu d liu IN v OUT t danh sch th xung.

Sau khi ta la chn kiu d liu chuyn i, mt danh sch nhng s chuyn

i c kh nng s c cho thy trong danh sch th xung chuyn i n. Nhng

s chuyn i t/n BCD16 b hn ch i vi kiu d liu Int. Nhng s chuyn i

t/n BCD32 b hn ch i vi kiu d liu DInt.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn cc kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.


IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,

Word, DWord, Real, LReal, BCD16, BCD32 Gi tr IN

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,

Word, DWord, Real, LReal, BCD16, BCD32

Gi tr IN c chuyn i

sang mt kiu d liu mi

Trng thi

ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT

1 Khng c li Kt qu hp l

0 IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN

0 Kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l

ca kiu d liu OUT

OUT c t v cc byte c trng

s thp nht ca IN




Cc lnh lm trn v ct b

Lnh ROUND chuyn i mt s thc thnh

mt s nguyn. Phn phn s ca s thc c lm

trn n gi tr s nguyn gn nht (IEEE lm trn

n gn nht). Nu s thc nm chnh xc gia vng

gia 2 s nguyn th s thc ny c lm trn n s

nguyn chn. V d: ROUND(10,5) = 10 v

ROUND(11,5) = 12.

Lnh TRUNC chuyn i mt s thc thnh mt s nguyn. Phn phn s ca

s thc c ct b thnh 0 (IEEE lm trn thnh 0).


IN Real, LReal Ng vo du phy ng

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,

LReal Ng ra c lm trn hay ct b

Trng thi ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT






Cc lnh CEIL v FLOOR

Lnh CEIL chuyn i mt s thc thnh s

nguyn nh nht ln hn hay bng s thc (IEEE

lm trn n dng v cng).

Lnh FLOOR chuyn i mt s thc thnh s

nguyn ln nht nh hn hay bng s thc (IEEE

lm trn n m v cng).


IN Real, LReal Ng vo du phy ng

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal Ng ra c chuyn i

Trng thi ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT






5.1.7.1. Cc lnh nh t l v chun ha.

Cc lnh nh t l v chun ha

Lnh SCALE_X nh t l ca thng s s thc

c chun ha VALUE, vi (0,0



Lu

Thng s VALUE trong lnh SCALE_X nn c hn ch trong khong

(0,0



Trng

thi ENO iu kin Kt qu OUT


0 Kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l

i vi kiu d liu OUT

Kt qu trung gian: phn c trng s nh nht ca

mt s thc u tin cho s chuyn i sau cng

sang kiu d liu OUT.

0 Thng s MAX



5.1.8. iu khin chng trnh.

Cc lnh nhy v ghi nhn

Ta s dng cc lnh iu khin chng trnh cho cc iu khin iu kin trong

chui thc thi:

Lnh JMP: nu c dng tn hiu n

mt cun dy JMP (LAD), hay nu tn

hiu vo hp JMP (FBD) l ng th sau

s thc thi chng trnh tip tc vi

lnh u tin theo nhn c ch nh.

Lnh JMPN: nu khng c dng

tn hiu i n mt cun dy JMP (LAD),

hay nu tn hiu vo hp JMP (FBD) l

sai th sau s thc thi chng trnh

tip tc vi lnh u tin theo nhn c

ch nh.

Lnh Label: nhn ni n cho lnh nhy JMP hay JMPN.


Label_name B nh danh nhn B nh danh cho cc lnh nhy v nhn lp trnh ni

n ca lnh nhy tng ng

Ta to ra cc tn nhn bng cch g trc tip trong lnh LABEL. Cc tn nhn

sn c cho trng tn nhn JMP v JMPN c th c chn bng cch s dng biu

tng tr gip thng s. Ta cn c th g mt tn nhn trc tip bn trong lnh JMP

hay JMPN.




Lnh iu khin thc thi tr v gi tr (RET)

Ta s dng lnh RET kt thc s thc thi ca khi hin thi.


Return_Value Bool Thng s Return_Value ca lnh RET c gn cho

ng ra ENO ca khi gi hp trong khi ang gi

Lnh ty chn RET c s dng kt thc s thc thi ca khi hin thi.

Nu v ch nu c dng tn hiu i n cun dy RET (LAD) hay nu tn hiu vo ca

hp RET l ng (FBD) th sau s thc thi chng trnh ca khi hin thi s kt

thc ti im v cc lnh nm sau lnh RET s khng c thc thi. Nu khi hin

thi l mt OB, thng s Return_Value c b qua. Nu khi hin thi l mt FC

hay FB, gi tr thng s Return_Value c i qua tr v n on chng trnh

ang gi nh gi tr ENO ca hp c gi.

Ta khng c yu cu s dng lnh RET l cu lnh cui cng trong mt khi

v iu ny c thc hin mt cch t ng cho ta. Ta c th c nhiu lnh RET bn

trong mt khi n l.

Cc bc mu s dng lnh RET bn trong mt khi m FC:

1. To mt n mi v thm mt FC.

2. Chnh sa FC:

- Thm vo cc lnh t cy lnh.

- Thm vo lnh RET, bao gm mt trong cc i tng sau y cho thng s

Return_Value: TRUE, FALSE hay mt v tr b nh m nh r gi tr tr li

c yu cu.

- Thm vo cc lnh khc.




3. Gi FC t MAIN[OB1]

Ng vo EN trn hp FC trong khi m MAIN phi l ng bt u s thc

thi ca FC.

Gi tr c xc nh bi lnh RET trong FC s hin din trn ng ra ENO ca

hp FC trong khi m MAIN, theo sau s thc thi ca FC m dng tn hiu n lnh

RET ca n l ng.




5.1.9. Cc php ton logic.

Cc lnh AND, OR v XOR

Lnh AND: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord

Lnh OR: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord

Lnh XOR: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.


IN1, IN2 Byte, Word, DWord Cc ng vo logic

OUT Byte, Word, DWord Ng ra logic

Vic la chn kiu d liu t cc thng s IN1, IN2 v OUT v kiu d liu

ging nhau. Cc gi tr bit tng ng ca IN1 v IN2 c kt ni to ra mt kt

qu logic nh phn ti thng s OUT. ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca cc

lnh ny.




Lnh ly b

Ta s dng lnh INV nhn c phn b 1 nh phn ca thng s IN. Phn

b 1 c thc hin bng cch o ngc gi tr bit ca thng s IN (thay i mi gi

tr 0 thnh 1 v mi gi tr 1 thnh 0). ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca

lnh ny.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th

xung.


IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,

Word, DWord Phn t d liu ly b

OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,

Word, DWord Ng ra c ly b




Cc lnh m ha v gii m

Lnh ENCO m ha mt mu bit

thnh mt s nh phn.

Lnh DECO gii m mt s nh

phn thnh mt mu bit.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th

xung.


IN ENCO: Byte, Word, DWord

DECO: UInt

ENCO: mu bit m ha

DECO: gi tr gii m

OUT ENCO: Int

DECO: Byte, Word, DWord

ENCO: gi tr c m ha

DECO: mu bit c gii m

Lnh ENCO chuyn i thng s IN thnh mt s nh phn tng ng vi v tr

bit ca bit t c trng s nh nht trong thng s IN v tr kt qu n thng s OUT.

Nu thng s IN l 0000 0001 hay 0000 0000 th sau gi tr 0 c tr v n OUT.

Nu thng s IN l 0000 0000 th ENO c t l FALSE.

Lnh DECO gii m mt s nh phn t thng s IN, bng cch t v tr bit

tng ng trong thng s OUT ln gi tr 1 (tt c cc bit khc c t v 0). ENO

lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh DECO.

S la chn kiu d liu cho thng s OUT ca DECO gm Byte, Word hay

DWord lm gii hn phm vi hu dng ca thng s IN. Nu gi tr ca thng s IN

vt qu phm vi hu dng ny, mt php ton modulo c thc hin tch ra cc

bit c trng s nh nht c lit k di y:

Phm vi thng s IN ca lnh DECO:

IN 3 bit (cc gi tr t 0 n 7) c s dng t v tr 1 bit trong mt OUT

kiu Byte.





kiu Word.


kiu DWord.

Gi tr IN trong DECO Gi tr OUT trong DECO (gii m v tr bit n)

OUT kiu Byte (8 bit)

Min. IN 0 0000 0001

Max. IN 7 1000 0000

OUT kiu Word (16 bit)

Min. IN 0 0000 0000 0000 0001

Max. IN 15 1000 0000 0000 0000

OUT kiu DWord (32 bit)

Min. IN 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001

Max. IN 31 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu (OUT)

1 Khng c li S bit hp l

0 IN bng 0 OUT c t v 0




Cc lnh la chn v chn knh

Lnh SEL gn mt trong hai gi tr ng vo n

thng s OUT, ph thuc vo gi tr thng s G.

Lnh MUX gn mt trong nhiu gi tr cc ng

vo n thng s OUT, ph thuc vo gi tr thng s

K. Nu gi tr thng s K vt qu phm vi hp l, gi

tr thng s ELSE s c gn n thng s OUT.

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt

kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.

SEL Kiu d liu Miu t

G Bool

Chuyn i b chn lc:

FALSE cho IN0

TRUE cho IN1

IN0, IN1 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord, Time, Char Cc ng vo


Word, DWord, Time, Char Ng ra

MUX Kiu d liu Miu t

K UInt

Gi tr hm chn:

0 i vi IN0

1 i vi IN1

IN0, IN1,

SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord, Time, Char Cc ng vo

ELSE SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,

Word, DWord, Time, Char

Gi tr thay th ng vo

(ty chn)





Word, DWord, Time, Char Ng ra

Cc bin s ng vo v bin s ng ra phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.

Lnh SEL lun lun la chn gia 2 gi tr IN.

Lnh MUX c hai thng s IN khi c t ln u tin trong trnh son tho

chng trnh, nhng n c th c m rng thm vo nhiu thng s IN.

S dng cc phng php sau y thm vo hay loi ra cc thng s ng vo

cho lnh MUX:

thm vo mt ng vo, nhp chut phi ln mt nhnh ct ng vo i vi

mt trong cc thng s IN ang tn ti v chn lnh Insert input.

loi ra mt ng vo, nhp chut phi ln mt nhnh ct ng vo i vi mt

trong cc thng s IN ang tn ti (khi c nhiu hn hai ng vo so vi nguyn

bn) v chn lnh Delete.

Cc m iu kin: ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh SEL.

Trng thi

ENO (MUX) iu kin MUX Kt qu OUT (MUX)

1 Khng c li. Gi tr IN c chn c gn n OUT.

0

K ln hn hoc bng

s lng ca cc

thng s IN.

Khng c ELSE c cho: OUT khng b thay i

C ELSE c cho: gi tr ELSE c gn n OUT




5.1.10. Dch chuyn v xoay.

Lnh dch chuyn

Ta s dng cc lnh dch chuyn dch chuyn

mu bit ca thng s IN. Kt qu c gn n thng

s OUT. Thng s N xc nh s lng ca cc v tr

bit c dch chuyn.

SHR: dch chuyn mu bit sang phi

SHL: dch chuyn mu bit sang tri

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t danh sch th

xung.


IN Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit dch chuyn

N UInt S v tr bit dch chuyn

OUT Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit sau s php dch chuyn

Vi N = 0, khng c dch chuyn xut hin v gi tr IN c gn n OUT.

Cc s 0 c dch chuyn vo trong cc v tr bit c xa rng bi php dch

chuyn.

Nu s lng cc v tr dch chuyn (N) vt qu s lng cc bit trong gi

tr gc (8 i vi Byte, 16 i vi Word v 32 i vi DWord), tt c cc gi tr

bit ban u sau s c dch chuyn ra ngoi v c thay th bng nhng

s 0 (tc l s 0 c gn n OUT).

ENO lun lun l TRUE i vi cc php dch chuyn.




V d SHL i vi kch c d liu Word: dch chuyn cc s 0 t bn tri

IN 1110 0010 1010 1101 Gi tr OUT trc ln dch

chuyn u tin: 1110 0010 1010 1101

Sau dch chuyn tri u tin: 1100 0101 0101 1010

Sau dch chuyn tri th hai: 1000 1010 1011 0100

Sau dch chuyn tri th ba: 0001 0101 0110 1000

Lnh xoay

Ta s dng cc lnh xoay xoay mu bit ca thng s

IN. Kt qu c gn n thng s OUT. Thng s N

xc nh s lng ca cc v tr bit c xoay.

ROR: xoay mu bit sang phi

ROL: xoay mu bit sang tri

Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.


IN Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit xoay

N UInt S lng cc v tr bit xoay

OUT Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit sau php xoay

Vi N = 0, khng c php xoay ny xut hin v gi tr IN c gn n OUT.

D liu bit c xoay ra ngoi mt bn ca gi tr gc s c xoay vo trong

pha bn kia ca gi tr gc , v vy khng c cc gi tr bit no b mt i.

Nu s lng ca cc v tr bit xoay (N) vt qu s lng ca cc bit trong

gi tr gc (8 i vi Byte, 16 i vi Word v 32 i vi DWord), php xoay

sau vn c thc hin.




ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca cc lnh xoay.

V d ROR i vi kch c d liu Word: xoay cc bit nm ngoi bn phi vo bn tri

IN 0100 0000 0000 0001 Gi tr OUT trc ln xoay u tin: 0100 0000 0000 0001

Sau ln xoay u tin: 1010 0000 0000 0000

Sau ln xoay th hai: 0101 0000 0000 0000




5.2. Tp lnh m rng.

5.2.1. Cc thng s li thng dng i vi tp lnh m rng.

Phn miu t lnh m rng din t cc li trong thi gian thi hnh m c th

xut hin trong mi lnh lp trnh. B sung cho cc li ny, cc li ph bin c lit

k di y cn c th xy ra. Khi mt khi m c thc thi v mt trong s cc li

thng dng xut hin, CPU s chuyn sang ch STOP nu ta khng s dng cc

lnh GetError hoc GetErrorID nm bn trong khi m to ra mt phn ng

c lp trnh i vi li.

Gi tr m iu kin (W#16#...) Miu t

8022 Vng qu nh cho tn hiu vo

8023 Vng qu nh cho tn hiu ra

8024 Vng tn hiu vo khng hp l

8025 Vng tn hiu ra khng hp l

8028 Gn bit ng vo khng hp l

8029 Gn bit ng ra khng hp l

8030 Vng ng ra l mt DB ch c (read only)

803A DB khng tn ti




5.2.2. Cc lnh m thi gian v lch.

Cc lnh ngy v gi

Ta s dng cc lnh ngy v gi lp trnh nhng tnh ton v lch v thi gian.

T_CONV chuyn i kiu d liu ca mt gi tr thi gian: (Time sang DInt)

hay (DInt sang Time)

T_ADD cng cc gi tr Time v DTL: (Time + Time = Time) hay (DTL +

DTL = DTL)

T_SUB tr cc gi tr Time v DTL: (Time Time = Time) hay (DTL Time

= DTL)

T_DIFF a ra s khc nhau gia hai gi tr DTL nh mt gi tr Time: DTL

DTL = Time

Kiu d liu Kch thc (bit) Cc phm vi hp l

Time (c lu tr) 32

T#24d_20h_31m_23s_648ms n

T#24d_20h_31m_23s_647ms

2.147.483.648 ms n +

2.147.483.647 ms

Cu trc d liu DTL

Nm: UInt 16 1970 n 2554

Thng: USInt 8 1 n 12

Ngy: USInt 8 1 n 31

Ngy trong tun: USInt 8 1 = Ch nht n 7 = Th by

Gi: USInt 8 0 n 23

Pht: USInt 8 0 n 59

Giy: USInt 8 0 n 59

Nano giy 32 0 n 999.999.999




Lnh T_CONV (Time Convert) chuyn i mt kiu

d liu Time sang mt kiu d liu DInt, hay chuyn

i ngc t kiu d liu DInt sang kiu d liu Time.

Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t

IN IN DInt, Time Gi tr Time hay DInt ng vo

OUT OUT DInt, Time Gi tr Time hay DInt c chuyn i

Ta la chn cc kiu d liu IN v OUT t cc danh sch th xung c sn pha

di tn lnh.

T_ADD (Time Add) cng gi tr ng vo IN1 (kiu

DTL hay Time) vi gi tr ng vo IN2 kiu Time.

Thng s OUT mang li kt qu l gi tr DTL hay

Time.

C th thc hin hai php cng kiu d liu sau:

Time + Time = Time

DTL + Time = DTL


IN1 IN DTL, Time Gi tr Time hay DTL

IN2 IN Time Gi tr Time cng vo

OUT OUT DTL, Time Tng Time hay DTL

La chn kiu d liu IN1 t danh sch th xung c sn pha di tn lnh.

Vic la chn kiu d liu IN1 cn thit lp kiu d liu ca thng s OUT.




Lnh T_SUB (Time Subtract) tr mt gi tr IN2 kiu

Time t gi tr IN1 kiu DTL hay kiu Time. Thng s

OUT mang li gi tr hiu nh mt kiu d liu DTL

hay Time.

C th thc hin hai php tr kiu d liu sau:

Time Time = Time

DTL Time = DTL


IN1 IN DTL, Time Gi tr DTL hay Time

IN2 IN Time Gi tr Time tr

OUT OUT DTL, Time Hiu DTL hay Time

La chn kiu d liu IN1 t danh sch th xung c sn pha di tn lnh.

Vic la chn kiu d liu IN1 cn thit lp kiu d liu ca thng s OUT.

Lnh T_DIFF (Time Difference) tr mt gi tr DTL

ca IN2 t gi tr DTL ca IN1. Thng s OUT mang

li gi tr hiu nh mt kiu d liu Time.

DTL DTL = Time


IN1 IN DTL Gi tr DTL

IN2 IN DTL Gi tr DTL tr

OUT OUT Time Hiu Time

Cc m iu kin: ENO = 1 ngha l khng c li xut hin. Cc li lm cho

ENO = 0 v thng s OUT = 0:




Gi tr DTL khng hp l

Gi tr Time khng hp l.

Cc lnh m thi gian

Ta s dng cc lnh m thi gian thit lp v c ng h h thng ca

PLC. Kiu d liu DTL c s dng mang li cc gi tr ngy v gi.

Cu trc DTL Kch thc Phm vi hp l

Nm: UInt 16 bit 1970 n 2554

Thng: USInt 8 bit 1 n 12

Ngy: USInt 8 bit 1 n 31

Ngy trong tun: USInt 8 bit 1 = Ch nht n 7 = Th by

Gi: USInt 8 bit 0 n 23

Pht: USInt 8 bit 0 n 59

Giy: USInt 8 bit 0 n 59

Nano giy: UDInt 32 bit 0 n 999.999.999

Lnh WR_SYS_T (Write System Time) thit lp ng

h thi gian trong ngy ca PLC vi mt gi tr DTL

ti thng s IN. Gi tr thi gian ny khng bao gm

mi gi a phng hay dch chnh thi gian tit

kim nh sng ngy.


IN IN DTL Thi gian trong ngy thit lp trong

ng h h thng PLC

RET_VAL OUT Int M iu kin thc thi




Lnh RD_SYS_T (Read System Time) c thi gian h

thng hin thi t PLC. Gi tr ny khng bao gm mi

gi a phng hay dch chnh thi gian tit kim

nh sng ngy.



OUT OUT DTL Thi gian h thng PLC hin thi

Lnh RD_LOC_T (Read Local Time) a ra thi gian

a phng hin thi ca PLC nh mt kiu d liu

DTL.



OUT OUT DTL Thi gian a phng

Thi gian a phng c tnh ton bng cch s dng mi gi v dch

chnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy m ta thit lp trong phn cu hnh thit

b CPU Clock.

Vic cu hnh mi gi l mt s b p i vi thi gian h thng UTC

(Coordinated Universal Time).

Vic cu hnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy xc nh thng, tun, ngy v

gi khi thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy bt u.

Vic cu hnh gi tiu chun cn xc nh thng, tun, ngy v gi khi gi tiu

chun bt u.




dch chnh mi gi lun lun c p dng n gi tr thi gian h thng.

dch chnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy ch c p dng khi thi gian

tit kim nh sng ngy c hiu lc.

Cc m iu kin: ENO = 1 c ngha khng c li xut hin. ENO = 0 ngha l

mt li thc thi xut hin, v mt m iu kin c cung cp ti ng ra

RET_VAL.

RET_VAL (W#16#....) Miu t

0000 Khng c li

8080 Gi a phng khng c sn

8081 Gi tr nm khng hp l

8082 Gi tr thng khng hp l

8083 Gi tr ngy khng hp l

8084 Gi tr gi khng hp l

8085 Gi tr pht khng hp l

8086 Gi tr giy khng hp l

8087 Gi tr nano giy khng hp l

80B0 ng h thi gian thc b hng




5.2.3. Cc lnh chui v k t.

5.2.3.1. Tng quan chui d liu.

Kiu d liu String

D liu String c lu tr nh mt phn u c 2 byte c theo sau bi ti

a 254 byte k t ca cc m k t ASCII. Mt phn u String cha 2 di. Byte

u tin l di ti a c cho trong du ngoc vung khi khi ta khi chy mt

chui, hay mc nh bng 254. Byte th hai l di hin ti tc l s lng ca cc

k t hp l trong chui. di hin ti phi nh hn hoc bng di ti a. S

lng cc byte c lu tr c lp y bi nh dng String l ln hn 2 byte so vi

di ti a.

Khi chy d liu String

D liu ng vo v ng ra String phi c khi chy nh cc chui hp l

trong b nh, trc thc thi ca bt k cc lnh chui no.

D liu String hp l

Chui hp l c mt di ti a phi ln hn 0 nhng nh hn 255. di

hin ti phi nh hn hay bng di ti a.

Cc chui khng th c gn gi tr n cc vng nh I hay Q.

5.2.3.2. Cc lnh chuyn i chui.

Cc chuyn i chui thnh gi tr v gi tr thnh chui

Ta c th chuyn i chui k t s thnh cc gi tr s hay chuyn i cc gi

tr s thnh chui k t s bng nhng lnh sau:

S_CONV chuyn i (chui s sang mt gi tr s) hay (gi tr s sang mt

chui s).

STRG_VAL chuyn i mt chui s sang mt gi tr s vi cc ty chn nh

dng.

VAL_STRG chuyn i mt gi tr s sang mt chui s vi cc ty chn nh

dng.




Lnh S_CONV (String Convert) chuyn i mt chui

k t thnh gi tr tng ng, hay mt gi tr thnh mt

chui k t tng ng. S_CONV khng c cc ty

chn nh dng ng ra. iu ny lm cho lnh

S_CONV n gin hn, nhng km linh hot hn so

vi cc lnh STRG_VAL v VAL_STRG.

La chn cc kiu d liu thng s t cc danh sch th xung.

S_CONV (chuyn i chui thnh gi tr)


IN IN String Chui k t ng vo

OUT OUT String, SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt,

UDInt, Real Gi tr s ng ra

Vic chuyn i ca thng s chui IN bt u ti k t u tin v tip tc cho

n v tr cui cng ca chui, hay n k t u tin c bt gp m khng phi l

t 0 n 9, +, hay .. Gi tr kt qu c cung cp ti v tr c xc

nh trong thng s OUT. Nu gi tr s ng ra khng nm va trong phm vi ca kiu

d liu OUT, thng s OUT sau c t v 0 v ENO c t l FALSE. Nu

khng, thng s OUT s cha mt kt qu hp l v ENO c t l TRUE.

Cc quy tc nh dng chui ng vo:

Nu mt du chm thp phn c s dng trong chui IN, ta phi dng k t

..

Cc k t du phy , c s dng nh mt phn cch hng ngn v bn tri

ca du chm thp phn th c cho php v c b qua.

Cc khong trng cch qung c b qua.

Ch c s biu th du chm c nh l c h tr. Cc k t e v E khng

c nhn ra l k hiu ly tha.




S_CONV (chuyn i gi tr thnh chui)


IN IN String, SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt,

UDInt, Real Gi tr s ng vo

OUT OUT String Chui k t ng ra

Mt gi tr s nguyn, gi tr s nguyn khng du hay gi tr du chm ng

ca IN c chuyn i sang chui k t tng ng ti OUT. Thng s OUT phi

tham chiu mt chui hp l trc khi s chuyn i c thc thi. Mt chui hp l

gm c mt di chui cc i trong byte u tin, di chui hin thi trong byte

th hai v cc k t chui hin thi trong cc byte k tip. Chui c chuyn i s

thay th cc k t trong chui OUT bt u ti k t u tin v iu chnh byte di

hin thi ca chui OUT. Byte di ti a ca chui OUT th khng b thay i.

C bao nhiu cc k t c thay th l ph thuc vo kiu d liu thng s IN

v gi tr s. S lng ca cc k t c thay th phi nm va trong di chui ti

thng s OUT. di chui ti a (byte u tin) ca chui OUT nn ln hn hay

bng s lng c mong i ti a ca cc k t c chuyn i.

Bng sau y th hin di chui c th c ti a c yu cu i vi mi

kiu d liu c h tr.

Kiu d

liu IN

S lng ti a ca cc k t

c chuyn i trong chui OUT V d

di chui tng bao gm cc

byte di cc i v hin thi

USInt 3 255 5

SInt 4 128 6

UInt 4 65535 7

Int 6 32768 8

UDInt 10 4294967295 12

DInt 11 2147483648 13




Cc quy tc nh dng chui ng ra:

Cc gi tr c ghi n thng s OUT khng s dng mt du + cch qung.

S biu th du chm c nh c s dng (khng c k hiu ly tha).

K t du chm . c s dng biu th du chm thp phn khi thng s

IN l kiu d liu Real.

Lnh STRG_VAL

Lnh STRG_VAL (String to Value) chuyn i mt

chui k t s thnh mt s nguyn tng ng hay mt

biu th du chm ng.

Vic chuyn i bt u trong chui IN ti k t dch chnh P v tip tc cho

n v tr cui ca chui, hay n k t u tin c bt gp m khng phi l +,

, ., ,, e, E hay t 0 n 9. Kt qu c t ti v tr c xc nh bi

thng s OUT.

Thng s P cn c tr v nh mt gi tr m dch chnh trong chui ban u

ti v tr m s chuyn i c chm dt. D liu chui phi c khi chy trc s

thc thi nh mt chui hp l trong b nh.


IN IN String Chui k t ASCII chuyn i

FORMAT IN Word Cc ty chn nh dng ng ra

P IN_OUT UInt

IN: ch mc n k t u tin dng

chuyn i (k t u tin = 1)

OUT: ch mc n k t tip theo sau khi

tin trnh chuyn i kt thc

OUT OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt,

UInt, UDInt, Real Gi tr s c chuyn i




Thng s FORMAT ca STRG_VAL

Thng s FORMAT i vi lnh STRG_VAL c xc nh di y. Cc v tr bit

khng c s dng phi c t v 0.

Bit

16

Bit

8

Bit

7

Bit

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f r

f = nh dng k hiu:

1 = k hiu ly tha

0 = k hiu du chm c nh

r = nh dng chm thp phn:

1 = , (k t du phy)

0 = . (k t du chm)

FORMAT nh dng k hiu Biu th chm thp phn

0000 (mc nh)

Du chm c nh

.

0001 ,

0002

Ly tha

.

0003 ,

0004 n FFFF Cc gi tr khng hp l

Cc quy tc i vi chuyn i STRG_VAL:

Nu k t du chm . c s dng cho du chm thp phn, khi cc du

phy , v bn tri ca chm thp phn c din dch nh l cc k t phn

cch phn ngn. Cc k t du phy c cho php v c b qua.




Nu k t du phy , c s dng cho du chm thp phn, khi cc du

chm . v bn tri ca chm thp phn c din dch nh l cc k t phn

cch phn ngn. Cc k t du chm c cho php v c b qua.

Cc khong trng cch qung c b qua.

Lnh VAL_STRG

Lnh VAL_ STRG (Value to String) chuyn i mt s

nguyn, mt s nguyn khng du, hay mt gi tr du

chm ng thnh mt biu din chui k t tng ng.

Gi tr c biu din bi thng s IN c chuyn i

thnh mt chui c tham chiu bi thng s OUT.

Thng s OUT phi l mt chui hp l trc khi s chuyn i c thc thi. Chui

c chuyn i s thay th cc k t trong chui OUT bt u ti gi tr m dch

chnh k t P n s lng cc k t c xc nh bi thng s SIZE. S lng cc

k t trong SIZE phi nm va trong di chui OUT, tnh t v tr k t P. Lnh

ny hu dng cho vic nhng vo cc k t s vo trong mt chui vn bn. V d, ta

c th t s 120 vo trong chui Pump pressure = 120 psi.


IN IN

SInt, Int, DInt,

USInt, UInt, UDInt,

Real

Gi tr chuyn i

SIZE IN USInt S lng cc k t c dng ghi vo

chui OUT

PREC IN USInt chnh xc hay kch thc ca phn phn

s. Khng bao gm du chm thp phn.

FORMAT IN Word Cc ty chn nh dng ng ra

P IN_OUT UInt

IN: ch mc n k t chui OUT u tin

dng thay th (k t u tin bng 1)

OUT: ch mc n k t chui OUT tip theo

sau s thay th

OUT OUT String Chui c chuyn i




Thng s PREC xc nh chnh xc hay s lng cc con s cho phn phn

s ca chui. Nu gi tr thng s IN l mt s nguyn, PREC xc nh v tr ca du

chm thp phn. V d, nu gi tr d liu l 123 v PREC = 1 th kt qu l 12.3.

chnh xc c h tr ti a i vi kiu d liu Real l 7 con s.

Nu thng s P ln hn kch thc hin thi ca chui OUT, khi cc khong

trng s c thm vo, cho n v tr P, v kt qu c ni thm vo n v tr cui

ca chui. Vic chuyn i kt thc nu chiu di chui OUT ti a c t n.

Thng s FORMAT ca lnh VAL_STRG

Thng s FORMAT i vi lnh VAL_ STRG c xc nh di y. Cc v

tr bit khng c s dng phi c t v 0.

Bit

16

Bit

8

Bit

7

Bit

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s f r

s = k t du ca s:

1 = s dng k t du + v

0 = ch s dng k t du

f = nh dng k hiu:

1 = k hiu ly tha

0 = k hiu du chm c nh

r = nh dng chm thp phn:

1 = , (k t du phy)

0 = . (k t du chm)




FORMAT (Word) K t du ca s nh dng k hiu Biu th chm thp phn

W#16#0000

Ch

Du chm c nh

.

W#16#0001 ,

W#16#0002

Ly tha

.

W#16#0003 ,

W#16#0004

+ v

Du chm c nh

.

W#16#0005 ,

W#16#0006

Ly tha

.

W#16#0007 ,

W#16#0008 n

W#16#FFFF Cc gi tr khng hp l

Cc quy tc nh dng chui thng s OUT:

Cc k t khong trng cch qung c cng vo phn ngoi cng bn tri ca

chui khi chui c chuyn i nh hn kch thc c xc nh.

Khi bit du ca thng s FORMAT l FALSE, cc gi tr kiu d liu s

nguyn khng du v c du c ghi n b m ng ra m khng c du +

cch qung. Du c s dng nu cn.

.

Khi bit du l TRUE, cc gi tr kiu d liu s nguyn khng du v c du

c ghi n b m ng ra lun lun c mt k t du cch qung.

.

Khi FORMAT c thit lp biu th ly tha, cc gi tr kiu d liu Real

c ghi n b m ng ra nh sau:

< con s> . E




Khi FORMAT c thit lp biu th du chm c nh, cc gi tr kiu d

liu s nguyn khng du, s nguyn c du v s thc c ghi n b m

ng ra nh sau:

.

Cc s 0 cch qung nm bn tri ca chm thp phn (ngoi tr con s k cn

vi chm thp phn) b xa b.

Cc gi tr nm bn phi ca chm thp phn c lm trn nm va trong

s lng cc con s bn phi chm thp phn c xc nh bi thng s

PREC.

Kch thc ca chui ng ra phi t nht ln hn 3 byte so vi s lng cc con

s nm bn phi ca chm thp phn.

Cc gi tr c cn chnh bn phi trong chui ng ra.




Cc iu kin c thut li bi ENO

Khi mt li b bt gp trong sut hot ng chuyn i, cc kt qu sau y s

c tr v:

ENO c t v 0.

OUT c t v 0, hay nh c th hin trong cc v d v vic chuyn i

chui sang gi tr.

OUT khng b thay i, hay nh c th hin trong cc v d khi OUT l mt

chui.

Trng thi

ENO Miu t

1 Khng c li.

0 Thng s khng hp l hay khng ng quy tc, v d truy xut vo mt DB

khng tn ti.

0 Chui khng ng quy tc khi chiu di ti a ca chui l 0 hay 255.

0 Chui khng ng quy tc khi chiu di hin thi ln hn chiu di ti a.

0 Gi tr s c chuyn i qu ln i vi kiu d liu OUT c xc nh.

0 Kch c chui ti a ca thng s OUT phi ln nhn mt s lng

cc k t c xc nh bi thng s SIZE, bt u t v tr k t thng s P.

0 Gi tr P khng ng quy tc khi P = 0 hay P ln hn di chui hin thi.

0 Thng s SIZE phi ln hn thng s PREC.




Cc v d v chuyn i chui thnh gi tr S_CONV

Chui IN Kiu d liu OUT Gi tr OUT ENO

123 Int/DInt 123 TRUE

00456 Int/DInt 456 TRUE

123.45 Int/DInt 123 TRUE

+2345 Int/DInt 2345 TRUE

00123AB Int/DInt 123 TRUE

123 Real 123.0 TRUE

123.45 Real 123.45 TRUE

1.23e-4 Real 1.23 TRUE

1.23E-4 Real 1.23 TRUE

12,345.67 Real 12345.67 TRUE

3.4e39 Real 3.4 TRUE

-3.4e39 Real -3.4 TRUE

1.17549e-38 Real 1.17549 TRUE

12345 SInt 0 FALSE

A123 N/A 0 FALSE

N/A 0 FALSE

++123 N/A 0 FALSE

+-123 N/A 0 FALSE




Cc v d v chuyn i gi tr thnh s S_CONV

Kiu d liu Gi tr IN Chui OUT ENO

UInt 123 123 TRUE

UInt 0 0 TRUE

UDInt 12345678 12345678 TRUE

Real -INF INF FALSE

Real +INF INF FALSE

Real NaN NaN FALSE

Cc v d v chuyn i STRG_VAL

Chui IN FORMAT

(W#16#...)

Kiu d liu

OUT Gi tr OUT ENO

123 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE

00456 0000 Int/DInt 456 TRUE

123.45 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE

+2345 0000 Int/DInt 2345 TRUE

00123AB 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE

123 0000 Real 123.0 TRUE

-00456 0001 Real -456.0 TRUE

+00456 0001 Real 456.0 TRUE

123.45 0000 Real 12345.0 TRUE

123,45 0001 Real 123.45 TRUE

.00123AB 0001 Real 123.0 TRUE

1.23e-4 0000 Real 1.23 TRUE

1.23E-4 0000 Real 1.23 TRUE




1.23E-4 0002 Real 1.23E-4 TRUE

12,345.67 0000 Real 12345.67 TRUE

12,345.67 0001 Real 12.345 TRUE

3.4e39 0002 Real +INF TRUE

-3.4e39 0002 Real -INF TRUE

1.17549e-38

(v nh hn) 0002 Real 0.0 TRUE

12345 N/A SInt 0 FALSE

A123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE

N/A N/A 0 FALSE

++123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE

+-123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE

Cc v d v chuyn i VAL_STRG

Cc v d da trn mt chui OUT c khi chy nh sau:

Current Temp = xxxxxxxxxx C

K t x biu th cc k t khong cch c phn b cho gi tr c chuyn i.

Kiu d liu

Gi tr IN P SIZE FORMAT

(W#16#...) PREC Chui OUT ENO

UInt 123 16 10 0000 0 Current Temp =

xxxxxxx123 C TRUE

UInt 0 16 10 0000 2 Current Temp =

xxxxxx0.00 C TRUE

UDInt 12345678 16 10 0000 3 Current Temp =

x12345.678 C TRUE

UDInt 12345678 16 10 0001 3 Current Temp =

x12345,678 C TRUE

Int 123 16 10 0004 0 Current Temp =

xxxxxx+123 C TRUE

Int -123 16 10 0004 0 Current Temp =

xxxxxx-123 C TRUE

Real -0.00123 16 10 0004 4 Current Temp =

xxx-0.0012 C TRUE




Real -0.00123 16 10 0006 4 Current Temp =

-1.2300E-3 C TRUE

Real -INF 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =

xxxxxx-INF C FALSE

Real +INF 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =

xxxxxx+INF C FALSE

Real NaN 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =

xxxxxxxNaN C FALSE

UDInt 12345678 16 6 N/A 3 Current Temp =

xxxxxxxxxx C FALSE




5.2.3.3. Cc lnh vn hnh chui.

Chng trnh iu khin c th s dng cc lnh chui v

Chương 5 - Tập Lệnh

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