C QUAN DINH DNG

Trn Th Thanh HngKhoa Khoa hc

Chng III

KhKhii ninimm chungchung

CC quanquan dinhdinh ddngng ccaa ththcc vvtt bbcc caocao baobaoggmm rr, , thnthn, , ll

LL vv thnthn cc hhnhnh ththnhnh trongtrong mm phnphnsinhsinh ngngnn ccaa chchii ngngnn vv chchii bnbn, , ththchchnghinghi vvii chchcc nngnng vvnn chuychuynn chchtt dinhdinhddngng vv titipp nhnhnn nhnh ssngng mmtt trtrii

ThnThn vv rr ccngng cc nhnhngng nntt cc trngtrngchungchung vv hhnhnh ddngng, , ccuu ttoo, , chchcc nngnng vvcc ttnhnh sinhsinh trtrngng..

H thn

H r

R chnh

R bn

Thn

Phin lCung lL

Cnh

Chi nchLngMu

HoaChingn

Chi cacnh

RR CYCYLL mmtt bb phphnn cc quanquan dinhdinh ddngng ccaa cycyththngng mmcc ddii tt

ChChcc nngnng ccaa rr: :

HHpp thth nncc vv mumuii khokhongng nuinui cycy

GiGi chchtt cycy vvoo tt

MMtt ss rr cncn llmm chchcc nngnng dd trtr

HHnhnh ththii rrKhiKhi quanquan sstt bnbn ngongoii mmtt rr chchnhnh ccaacycy tata ththyy nn ggmm cc 5 5 miminn::

MiMinn chchpp rr

MiMinn sinhsinh trtrngng ((MM phnphn sinhsinh ngngnn))

MiMinn phnphn hhaa ((oonn tngtng trtrngng))

MiMinn hhtt ((MiMinn hhpp thth, , miminn lnglng hhtt))

MiMinn vvnn chuychuynn ((oonn ddnn truytruynn ))

Cc min ca r

Min sinhtrng

Minphn ha

Min lng ht

Chpr

M phnsinh ngn

Lng ht

Biu bV Tr gia

MiMinn chchpp rrLL bb phphnn ttnn ccngng baobao bbcc bnbn ngongoii uu rr. .

ChChpp rr cc hhnhnh ddngng mmtt ccii baobao, , mmuu trtrngngbbcc llyy ngngnn rr, , tt bboo ththngng hhaa nhnhyy gigimm ss cc sstt gigiaa rr cycy vv tt, , vv tititt raraacid acid haha tan tan mmtt ss mumuii khokhongng

MiMinn sinhsinh trtrngng ((MM phnphn sinhsinhngngnn))

NNmm ngayngay trongtrong chchpp rr. .

LL mm phnphn sinhsinh uu rr, , ccuu ttoo bbii nhnhngng ttbboo phnphn chiachia mnhmnh lilitt llmm rr ddii rara. .

HHpp ththnhnh 3 3 ttngng tt bboo::

TTngng ddii: : ttngng sinhsinh bb

TTngng gigiaa: : ttngng sinhsinh vv

TTngng trntrn: : ttngng sinhsinh trtr gigiaa

MiMinn sinhsinh trtrngng ((MM phnphn sinhsinhngngnn))

3 3 ttngng tt bboo trntrn: : ttngng sinhsinh bb, , ttngng sinhsinh vv, , ttngngsinhsinh trtr ggaa hohott ngng hihi khkhcc nhaunhau gigiaa cycy 1 1 llmmmm vv cycy 2 2 ll mmmm

Chp r

Tng lng ht

V

Tr gia

Tng sinh b to ra:

Chp r bn di

Tng lng ht trn

Tng sinh v to ra: v cp 1

Tng sinh tr gia to ra: trgia

Cy 1 l mmCy 2 l mm

MiMinn phnphn hhaa ((oonn tngtngtrtrngng))

NNmm ngayngay trntrn miminn sinhsinh trtrngng, , nhnhngng ttbboo ccaa miminn nnyy bbtt uu phnphn hhaa hhnhnhththnhnh cccc mm

MiMinn hhtt ((MiMinn hhpp thth, , miminn lnglnghhtt))

LL miminn quanquan trtrngng nhnhtt ccaa rr, , cc chchcc nngnnghhtt nhnhaa nguynnguyn

MiMinn nnyy cc chichiuu ddii khngkhng ii ii vvii mmiiloloii

MMtt ngongoii cc rrtt nhinhiuu lnglng hhtt

KhiKhi rr cycy ddii rara thth lnglng hhtt phphaa trntrn rrngng iivv lnglng hhtt mmii mmcc thmthm phphaa ddii

MiMinn vvnn chuychuynn ((oonn ddnntruytruynn ))

CC ccuu ttoo thth ccpp

NhiNhimm vv chchnhnh ll vvnn chuychuynn ththcc nn lnlnthnthn vv ggpp phphnn nngnng cycy ccngng vvii thnthn

MMtt ngongoii oonn nnyy ttmm chchtt bbnn ((suberinsuberin))

CCC KIC KIU RU R

GGmm cc 2 2 hh rr chchnhnh

HH rr trtr

HH rr chchmm

NgoNgoii rara cncn cc nhnhngng rr phph mmcc rara tt thnthncycy, , ccnhnh cycy, , cc khikhi tt ll cycy

HH rr trtrRR chchnhnh llnn, , mmccththngng, , cc phphtt tritrinntt rr phiphi cncn ggii ll rrccpp 1. 1. RR chchnhnh phnphnnhnhnhnh ththnhnh rr bnbn ggiill rr ccpp 2, 2, tt rr ccpp 2 2 llii phnphn ththnhnh rr ccpp33

cc trngtrng chocho rr cycy 2 2 ll mmmm vv cycy hhtt trtrnn

HH rr chchmmKhngKhng cc rr chchnhnh, , ggmm nhinhiuurr con con cc sinhsinh rara tt mmuuddii ccaa thnthn, , khngkhng phphii tt rrchchnhnh vv rr bnbn

CCcc rr nnyy khngkhng cc sinhsinhtrtrngng thth ccpp, , hhnhnh ddngng vvkkchch ththcc tngtng ii ngng uu

cc trngtrng chocho rr cycy 1 1 ll mmmm

BIBIN THN THI CI CA RA RRR cc ((VV dd: : cc ccii, , cc rrtt))CC ((VV dd: : cc ccii, , cc ssnn, , cc khoaikhoai mm))RR chchngng ((RR nnngng, , RR cc kheokheo) () (VV dd: : cc, , ss))RR bbnhnh ((VV dd: : aa, , ssuu))RR khkh sinhsinh ((VV dd: : phongphong lanlan, , tiutiu, , trtruu))RR cctt ((VV dd: : SiSi, , aa))RR bbmm ((VV dd: : TrTruu, , tiutiu))RR hh hhpp ((VV dd: : CyCy bbtt mmcc, , bbnn, , vvtt))RR phaophao ((VV dd: Rau : Rau ddaa nncc))RR gigicc mmtt ((VV dd: : TTmm ggii))

HHnhnh nhnh mmtt ss loloii rr bibinnththii

R c

Rchng

R khsinh

R bnh

HHnhnh nhnh mmtt ss loloii rr bibinnththii

R ct R bm R h hp

R gic mtR phao

CCU TU TO GIO GII PHI PHU CU CA RA R

RR cycy lunlun cc ii xxngng qua qua mmtt trtrcc ((iixxngng ttaa trntrn hay hay ii xxngng phphngng xx))BaoBao ggmm::CCuu ttoo ss ccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 1)1)

RR cycy 2 2 ll mmmmRR cycy 1 1 ll mmmm

CCuu ttoo thth ccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 2)2)RR cycy hhtt trtrnn vv cycy 2 2 ll mmmm

RR cycy 2 2 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)

KhiKhi cctt ngangngang rr cycy qua qua miminn lnglng hhttththyy ggmm 2 2 phphnn rr rrtt::

VV: : ddyy

TrTr gigiaa: : nhnh

R cy 2 l mm s cp (cp 1)

S cu to rcy 2 l mm s

cp

TR GIA

Lng ht

Tng lng ht

Ngoi b

Nhu m v

Ni b

Tr b

B libe

B g

Nhu m rut

V

V

RR cycy 2 2 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)PhPhnn vvTTngng lnglng hhtt: : ggmm mmtt llpp tt bboo ssngng, , cc mmtt sstt bboo mmcc ddii ththnhnh lnglng hhtt..

NgoNgoii bb: : nnmm sstt ttngng lnglng hhtt ggmm 1 1 llpp tt bboo

NhuNhu mm vv: : ddyy, , ggmm nhinhiuu llpp tt bboo ssngng, , mmngngcellulose cellulose mmngng, , chchaa nhinhiuu tinhtinh bbtt

NNii bb: : ccuu ttoo bbii mmtt llpp tt bboo hhnhnh chch nhnhttxxpp rrtt khkhtt nhaunhau, , cc trngtrng bbii ccuu ttoo ccaa khungkhungcasparycaspary. . KhungKhung casparycaspary cc hhnhnh ththnhnh do do ss hhaabbnn ccaa cccc vvchch xuynxuyn tmtm..

R cy 2 l mm s cp (cp 1)

V

Trb

Khungcaspary

Tbo

ni b

T bo ni b ckhung caspary

RR cycy 2 2 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)TrTr gigiaaTrTr bb: : ggmm mmtt hohocc haihai llpp tt bboo ssngng xxpp xenxenkk vvii llpp nnii bb. . BB mmchch: : ggmm bb gg vv bb libelibe xxpp xenxen kk nhaunhautrntrn mmtt vngvng trntrn. . SS llngng bb mmchch khngkhng ququ 8 8 bb, , ggmm cc::

BB gg: : ggmm totonn mmchch gg, , khngkhng cc nhunhu mm gg, , mmchch ggphnphn hhaa hhngng tmtm..BB libelibe: : ggmm mmchch ryry vv nhunhu mm libelibe. .

TiaTia rurutt: : nnmm gigiaa bb libelibe vv bb ggNhuNhu mm rurutt: : tt, , cc vaivai trtr dd trtr..

RR cycy 2 2 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)Biu b

T bonhu m

vB libe

B g

Nhu mrut

Hnh ct ngang r ca cy u

R cy 1 l mm

S cu to r cy 1 l mm

TR GIA

Lng ht

Tng lng ht

Nhu m v

Ngoi b

Ni b

Tr b

B libe

B g

Mch hu mc

Nhu m rut

V

V

RR cycy 1 1 ll mmmmCC ccu tu to tng to tng t rr cy 2 lcy 2 l mmm, chm, ch khkhc c nhnhng ing im sau:m sau:NgoNgoi bi b: g: gm m nhinhiu lu lp tp t bboo cc mmng hng ha ba bnnNNi bi b: s: s hha ba bn khng nhn khng nhng ng vvch xuyn tm ch xuyn tm mm cc vvch tich tip tuyp tuyn, nn khi cn, nn khi ct ngang ta tht ngang ta thy cy ckhung hkhung hnh chnh ch U, gU, gi li l khung subekhung subeBB mmchch: c: c ss l lng ng trn 8 btrn 8 bNhu m ruNhu m rutt: c: c nhinhiu mu mch ch hhu mu mcc to to ((i khi ci khi chhu libe nh u libe nh rr chuchui), ti), t bbo nhu m ruo nhu m rut t rr gigi ththng tng tm chm cht gt gKhng cKhng c ccu tu to co cp 2p 2

So snh r cy 2 l mm s cpv r cy 1 l mm

TG TG

V VTng lng ht

Ngoi b

Nhu m v

Ni bTr b

B libe

B g

Nhu m rut

Lng ht

Mch hu mc

RR cycy 1 1 ll mmmm

Ct ngang phn tr gia ca cy 1 lmm

CCuu ttoo thth ccpp

ChCh cc ngngnhnh hhtt trtrnn vv llpp 2 2 ll mmmmccaa ngngnhnh hhtt kknn

Do Do ss hohott ngng ccaa mm phnphn sinhsinh ththccpp ggmm::

TTngng sinhsinh bbnn

TTngng ttngng libelibe gg

TTngng sinhsinh bbnnXuXutt hihinn tt llpp trtr bb

Do Do ss hhnhnh ththnhnh llpp bbnn mm tttt cc cccc tt bbooccaa llpp vv ss ccpp ss bb ngnngn ccchch vvii khkhii ttbboo ssngng bnbn trongtrong bbii nhnhngng tt bboo khngkhngddnn nncc vv ththcc nn ccaa ttngng bbnn, , chchngng ss bbchchtt vv bb llcc rara khkhii rr cycy..

Tng sinh bn

Bn

Nhu b

Chub

Thb

TTngng ttngng libelibe ggThThngng xuxutt hihinn rrtt ssmm trongtrong rr cycy, , xuxutthihinn trtrcc ttngng sinhsinh bbnn. . NNmm ngongoii bb gg vvtrongtrong bb libelibe, , hohott ngng chocho rara bnbn ngongoii lllibelibe 2, 2, bnbn trongtrong ll gg 2, 2, oonn ttngng ttngng trntrnnhnh bb gg ss chocho tiatia rurutt..BB gg 2 2 phnphn hhaa lili tmtm, , libelibe 2 2 phnphn hhaahhngng tmtm..TTngng ttngng libelibe gg ccngng hohott ngng thth bb bibebibe1 1 vv bb gg 1 1 ccngng bb yy xaxa nhaunhau. . BB libelibe 1 1 ddnn ddnn tiutiu bibinn ii, , vaivai trtr ddnn nhnhaa luyluynnss do do libelibe 2 2 mm nhnhnn..

TTngng ttngng libelibe gg

V tr ca tng tng libe g trong r cy 2 l mm

Tng tng libe gBn

Tng sinh bn

Nhu b

Tia rut

Libe 2

Tng tng libe g

G 2

G 1

Mch hu mc

S cu tor cy 2 lmm th cp