(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT) A Joint Project of

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and the

DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

Completing An Analogy Quarter 1 - Module 1 - Week 1

CHRISTINE ARLYN A. LAURIE

English-Grade 7 Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Completing An Analogy

First Edition, 2020

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Region IX- Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Christine Arlyn A. Laurie Editor: Luz D. Cortez Josephine M. Cuenca

Ermelyn M. Yap Reviewers: Elma S. Quimpo

Illustrator: Layout Artist:

Management Team: Dr. Virgilio P. Batan, Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Jay S. Montealto, – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Amelinda D. Montero, DM – CID Chief Nur N. Hussien -Chief , SGOD

Ronillo S. Yarag, Ed.D. – EPSpvr- LRMS Leo Martinno O. Alejo – PDO II, LRMS

7

English Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Completing An Analogy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at

action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Introductory Message

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from

public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners

meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,

and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning

activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the

needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the

module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also

need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own

learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the

tasks included in the module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.

Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included

in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to

consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it and have fun!

What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help you master the skills in analysing relationship of

words. By completing this module, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type

of analogy completion questions. You will also improve your vocabulary and your process of

elimination skills.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define analogy;

2. analyze relationships presented in analogies; and

3. supply other word or expression that completes the analogy

Complete the Analogy

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Decide the relationship between the first two words in each analogy. Then complete the

analogy with one of the words in parentheses. Choose the letter of the best answer.

Example: wrong : right : : sky : _______________ (toy, fly, earth)

Answer: wrong : right : : sky : earth

1. begin : end : : open : ___________________

A. reach

B. unlock

C. close

D. near

2. angry : calm : : clean : ___________________

A. neat

B. lost

C. safe

D. dirty

3. pen : write : : knife : ___________________

A. sharpen

B. sip

C. compose

D. cut

1

What I Know

4. find : found : : mind : ____________________

A. minded

B. mind

C. mound

D. brain

5. nose : face : : elbow : ___________________

A. arm

B. wrist

C. knee

D. leg

Lesson

1

Word Analogy

Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making,

argumentation, perception, generalization, memory, creativity, invention, prediction, emotion,

explanation, conceptualization and communication.

Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests

use analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.

People often wonder about the effectiveness of analogies. What do they teach? How

do they work? Why are they so useful? What makes analogies so effective is their ability to

get students to think critically. In order to answer an analogy question correctly , the student

has to form a logical relationship, or "bridge" between two words. They must think about how

the words are related. Since words represent particulars (not universals), there is a nearly

infinite number of ways they might be related.

Analogies are useful in different subject areas to enhance learning of key concepts.

This makes them useful for assessment, but they can also be used as an effective learning

strategy as well. As students create incorrect analogies, analyse the relationships their

analogies are suggesting, and then correct them accordingly, students are grappling with

ideas, monitoring and revising their thinking, and otherwise actively consider the often

complex relationships between disparate things.

Here are some of the instructional benefits of this strategy:

develops understanding of the nature of various kinds of relationships;

helps students identify and analyze relationships; develops and refines students’ understanding of the specific vocabulary and

concepts that are used in analogies; develops critical thinking abilities in students.

2

Analogy Defined

Analogy basically means ‘‘resemblance of one object to another in certain aspects.’’

It is a way of stating a comparative relationship between two sets of terms.

An analogy is often represented as follows: A : B :: C : D.

A and B (of the first set) are related to each other in the same way that

C and D (of the second set) are related to each other.

In this lesson, an analogy question consists of words related to each other based on some

logic and it is required to find a word/pair of words analogous to those given in the question.

To solve these questions, following two simple steps are to be followed

Step I

Identify the relationship between the pair of numbers/letters/words given.

Step II

Find out the other pair such that the relationship between the third and the fourth

numbers/letters/words is similar to the relationship that exists between the first and second

numbers/letters/words.

Now, it is clear that analogy is established, when the two pairs on both the sides of the sign

(::) bear the same relationship.

For example: kitten : cat :: puppy : dog

The colons stand for words, so that when you read it aloud, the analogy says:

Kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog.

In this case, the relationship described is between the young and adult animals. The two

animals being compared are cats and dogs.

3

What’s In

What’s New

Take a look at the analogies below to see if you can figure out how the words are related to

each other. This will help you understand the comparison that is being made.

moon : night :: sun : day

feather : bird :: fur : dog

hot : oven :: cold : refrigerator

ski: snow :: raft : river

smile: frown :: pretty : ugly

cow : mammal :: snake : reptile

pencil : write :: scissors : cut

kitchen : cooking : bedroom : sleeping

apple : fruit :: carrot : vegetable

football : field :: tennis : court

near : far :: open : closed

umpire : baseball :: referee :

soccer

When completing word analogies, begin by determining the relationship between

the first word pair. Then look at the first word in the second word pair, and choose the word

that has the same relationship to it as the first two words have to each other. Some other

types of relationships include class to item (fish: trout) and part to whole (door: house).

Here are some relationships that form the basis of many analogies:

Analogy Types & Analogy Examples

Nature of Relationship Examples

1. Synonymous Relationship

This type of relationship is established between

the two words, when they convey the same

meaning.

Abandon : Leave

‘Abandon’ means almost the same as ‘Leave’.

Hence,

‘Abandon’ is a synonym of ‘Leave’.

Dwelling : Abode

Vacant : Empty

House : Home

2. Antonymous Relationship

This type of relationship is established between

the two words, when they are opposite in

meaning.

Kind : Cruel

‘Kind’ means the opposite of ‘Cruel’. Hence,

‘Kind’ and ‘Cruel’ have antonymous relationship.

Meet : Avoid

Never : Always

Chaos : Peace

3. Individual and Group Relationship

When one word of the pair is the collective group

of another word of the pair, then it is called

individual and group relationship.

Cattle : Herd

A group of ‘Cattle’ is called ‘Herd’.

Termites : Colony

Pupils : Class

Players : Team

Flowers : Bouquet

Musicians : Band

4

What is It

4. Worker and Product Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the

working professionals and the other word of the

pair represents their final product, then it is called

worker and product relationship.

Author : Book

An author writes a book. It means ‘Book’ is the

product of

‘Author’.

Poet : Poem

Producer : Film

Tailor : Clothes

Chef : Food

Carpenter : Furniture

5. Worker and Tool Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the

working professionals and the other word of the

pair is the tool used for their working, then it is

called worker and tool relationship.

Chef : Knife

‘Knife’ is a tool used by ‘Chef’.

Surgeon : Scalpel

Tailor : Needle

Labourer : Spade

Author : Pen

Soldier : Gun

Farmer : Plough

6. Product and Raw Material Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the raw

material used for the formation of the product

given in the other word of the pair, then it is called

product and raw material relationship.

Furniture : Wood

‘Furniture’ is made of ‘Wood’.

Book : Paper

Paper : Pulp

Road : Asphalt

Shoes : Leather

Cloth : Fibre

Furniture : Wood

7. Part and Whole Relationship

When one word of the pair represents a single

part of the whole object given in other word of the

pair, then it is called part and whole relationship.

Computer : Hard Disk

‘Hard Disk’ is a part of ‘Computer’.

Fan : Blade

Bicycle : Pedal

Cart : Wheel

Pen : Nib

Circle : Arc

Class : Student

House : Room

8. Worker and Working Place Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the

working professional and the other word of the

pair their working place, then it is called worker

and working place relationship.

Clerk : Office

A ‘Clerk’ works in an ‘Office’.

Warrior : Battle field

Teacher : School

Doctor : Hospital

Farmer : Field

5

9. Tool and Action Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the tool

and the other word of the pair gives its

function/action, then it is called tool and action

relationship.

Gun : Shoot

Spoon : Feed

Knife : Cut

A ‘Knife’ is used for ‘Cutting’.

Axe : Grind

Shovel : Scoop

Binocular : View

10. Pair Relationship

When the two words form a genuine pair, then it

is called a pair relationship.

Lock : Key

‘Lock’ and ‘Key’ make pair.

Question : Answer

Pencil : Eraser

Shoes : Socks

11. Study and Topic Relationship

When one word of the pair gives the branch of

study and the other word gives the topic of study

of that branch, then it is called study and topic

relationship.

Pathology : Diseases

‘Pathology’ is the study of ‘Diseases’.

Botany : Plants

Astrology : Planets

Cardiology : Heart

Physiology : Body

12. Animal and Movement Relationship

When one word of the pair gives the animal name

and other word of the pair represents its

movement, then it is called animal and movement

relationship.

Donkey : Trot

‘Trot’ is the name given to the movement of the

‘Donkey’.

Rabbit : Leap

Mouse : Scamper

Horse : Gallop

Lion : Prowl

13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the sound

produced by the animal/thing given in the other

word of the pair, then it is called animal/thing and

sound relationship.

Elephant : Trumpet

Trumpet’ is the sound produced by ‘elephant’.

Lion : Roar

Donkey : Bray

Rain : Patter

14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the

dwelling place of the individuals given in the other

word of the pair, then it is called individual and

dwelling place relationship.

Mouse : Hole

A ‘Mouse’ lives in a ‘Hole’.

Nun : Convent

Peasant : Cottage

Soldier : Barracks

15. Games and Playing Place Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the place

for playing the game given in the other word of

the pair, then it is called games and playing place

relationship.

Cricket : Pitch

‘Cricket’ is played on the ‘Pitch’.

Skating : Rink

Boxing : Ring

Badminton : Court

6

16. Male and Female Relationship

When two words of the pair represents male and

female gender of each other, then it is called

male and female relationship.

Man : Woman

‘Man’ is the male while ‘Woman’ is the female.

Horse : Mare

Bull : Cow

Bullock : Heifer

Cock : Hen

17. Animal and Young One Relationship

When one word of the pair represents the name

given to the young ones of the animals given in

other word of the pair, then it is called animal and

young one relationship.

Frog : Tadpole

‘Tadpole’ is the young one of ‘Frog’.

Cat : Kitten

Dog : Puppy

Deer : Fawn

Duck : Duckling

Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from:

https://www.123test.com/verbal -reasoning-test-analogies/

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 1.1 Choose the best word that will complete the analogy.

1. good : bad :: black : __________ A. color B. white C. evil D. sad

2. dwelling : abode : : endless : _________ A. eternal B. measurable C. final D. beginning

3. warrior : sword : : tailor : _________ A. chisel B. paint C. needle D. stethoscope 4. soldier : barracks : : teacher : _________

A. bank B. school C. hospital D. gym 5. cock : hen : : lion : _________

A. mare B. cub C. lioness D. chicken

Activity 1.2 Identify the nature of relationship/ analogies present in the pairs of word.

7

What’s More

A B

1. left is to right as horizontal is to vertical A. Worker and Tool Relationship

2. poet is to poem as chef is to food B. Antonymous Relationship

3. butcher is to knife as hairdresser is to scissors C. Part and Whole Relationship

4. nun is to convent as teacher is to school D. Worker and Working Place

Relationship

5. class is to student as house is to room E. Synonymous Relationship

F. Worker and Product Relationship

1. A word analogy draws a relationship between two words by comparing them to two other

words. 2. Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests use

analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.

3. When you write, it is important to understand how words are related. A word analogy shows how word pairs are related. Once you determine how the two words are related, you

find the same relationship among the pairs in the answer choices. 4. There are different types of analogies.

5. To answer an analogy question you must:

recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair; select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way;

recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships.

6. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions: try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair;

form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words; then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest

to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Complete the table below. Provide an analogy for each nature of relationship.

Nature of Relationship Examples

1. Synonymous Relationship

2. Antonymous Relationship

3. Individual and Group Relationship

4. Worker and Product Relationship

5. Worker and Tool Relationship

6. Product and Raw Material Relationship

7. Part and Whole Relationship

8. Worker and Working Place Relationship

9. Tool and Action Relationship

10. Pair Relationship

11. Study and Topic Relationship

12.Animal and Movement Relationship

8

What I Have Learned

What I Can Do

13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship

14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship

15. Games and Playing Place Relationship

16. Male and Female Relationship

17. Animal and Young One Relationship

Assessment

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Identify the relationship between the first pair of words given below. From the four choices,

choose the pair of words that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.

1. chef : knife : : ____ : ____

A. computer : hard disk B. famous : renowned

C. sink : drown D. warrior : sword

2. Botany : plants : : ____ : ____

A. horse : grass B. Zoology : animals

C. Cardiology : Physiology D. rabbit : leap

3. scientist : laboratory : : ____ : ____

A. beautician : parlor

B. court : lawyer C. theater : artist

D. factory : worker 4. question : answer : : ____ : ____

A. pen : write

B. shoes : socks C. binocular : view

D. table : sit

5. king : palace : : ____ : ____

A. eskimo : igloo B. barracks : soldier

C. cock : hen D. nephew : niece

6. abduct : kidnap : : ____ : ____

A. meet : avoid B. always : never

C. affirm : deny D. endless : eternal

7. create : destroy : : ____ : ____

A. never : always B. assign : a lot

C. house : home D. enormous : huge

8. class : student : : ____ : ____

A. dramatist : play

B. book : chapter C. producer : film

D. tailor : clothes 9. gun : shoot : : ____ : ____

A. pencil : eraser

B. cut : knife C. pen : write

D. sew : needle

10. skating : rink : : ____ : ____

A. boxing : ring B. arena : wrestling

C. court : tennis D. boxing : gloves

9

Additional Activities

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Choose the pair of words that best express a relationship similar to that of the original pair. Then write the bridge sentence.

Bridge Sentence: Someone who is a liar lacks honesty. Someone who is a _____ lacks _____.

Bridge Sentence:

A downpour is a heavy rain. A _____ is a heavy _____.

Bridge Sentence: A democracy is a type of government.

A _____ is a type of _____.

Bridge Sentence:

Cowardly is the opposite of brave. _____ is the opposite of _____.

Bridge Sentence: A conclusion is part of an essay.

A _____ is part of a _____.

10

1. LIAR : HONEST

A. lawyer : mercy B. mother : children

C. fool : wisdom D. soldier : power

2. DOWNPOUR : RAIN

A. wave : water B. tornado : clouds

C. blizzard : snow D. desert : heat

3. DEMOCRACY : GOVERNMENT

A. master : slave

B. storm : blizzard C. sonnet : poem

D. tribe : family

4. COWARDLY : BRAVE

A. numerous : many B. foolish : wise

C. awful : dreadful D. anxious : nervous

5. CONCLUSION : ESSAY

A. theme : song B. meal : dessert

C. parade : party D. scene : play

Answer Key

References

Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from: https://www.123test.com/verbal-reasoning-test-analogies/

https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/36509/mod_resource/content/1/ANALOGIES.pdf

https://www.mansfieldschool.com/cms/lib07/NJ01000046/Centricity/Domain/20/analogies%2

03-11.pdf

http://www.panpipes.net/languagearts/worksheets/writing/analogies.pdf http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/hme/vocab/7/unit14.pdf

https://www.images-na.ssl-

image/amazon.com/images/G/31/img15/books/tiles/9351765105_Reasoning_Verbal.p

JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from:

http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/analogies-70937007

JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from: https://clipartlook.com/img-20053.html

11

What I Know

1.C

2.D

3.D

4.A

5.A

What’s More

Activity 1.1

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C

Activity 1.2

1.B

2.F

3.A

4.D

5.C

What I Can Do

(Answers vary)

Assessment

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.B

5.A

6.D

7.A

8.B

9.C

10.A

Additional

Activities

1.C

2.C

3.C

4.B

5.D