Chondrocrania of Physlaemus larvae and their relatives
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CHONDROCRANIUM FEATURES OF FROG LARVAE OF THE GENUS PHYSALAEMUS
(Anura: Leiuperidae) AND THEIR RELATIVES
Diogo B. ProveteUNESP-São Paulo, Brazil
Punta del EsteJuly 2010
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Introduction
The Family Leiuperidae– Phylogenetic position, relationships, diagnosis
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Grant et al. 2006
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Grant et al. 2006
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Introduction
The genus Physalaemus and other related genera– Eupemphix, Engystomops– Pleurodema, Pseudopaludicola, Edalorhina, Somuncuria
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McDiarmid & Altig, 1999
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Engystomops
Physalaemus
Pseudopaludicola
Edalorhina
Pleurodema
Eupemphix
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Aim
To make a character survey concerning chondrocrania of Physalaemus larvae in a way that allows it to be further
included in the diagnosis of the genus
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Material and Methods
• Species analyzed: Physalaemus jordanensis, P. olfersii, P. latestriga, P. barrioi, P. cuvieri, P. centralis, P. marmoratus, P. moreirae, P. henseli, P. riograndensis, P. atlanticus, P. gracilis, Eupemphix nattereri, Pseudopaludicola sp. (aff. falcipes)
• Data from the literature: Physalaemus fernandezae, P. santafecinus, P. cuqui, P. biligonigerus, Pleurodema tucumana, P. borellii
• Clear and stained following Taylor & Van Dyke (1985)
• Material anayzed: DZSJRP-Tadpoles, CFBH
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Results
P. santafecinus P. fernandezae
Vera Candioti, 2007 Alcalde et al. , 2006
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Results
Fabrezi & Vera, 1997
P. cuqui P. biligonigerus
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Results
Fabrezi & Vera, 1997
P. tucumana P. borelli
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Results
P. moreirae
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Results
P. barrioi
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Results
P. jordanensis
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Results
P. centralis
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Results
P. marmoratus
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Results
P. olfersii
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Results
P. centralis
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Results
E. nattereri
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Discussion
• General features of chondrocranium of Physalaemus:
– (1) suprarostral bearing a V- or U-shaped corpora, which is dorsally connected to the alae, the alae always bear a precessus anterioris;
– (2) basihyal absent; – (3) basibranchial with short processus urobranchial; – (4) processus anterior branchialis absent;– (5) cornua trabeculae long and uniformily wide.– (6) The neurocranium usually longer than wide and depressed.
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Discussion
• General features of chondrocranium of Engystomops and Pleurodema:
– the corpus of the suprarostral is fused ventrally to the alae;
– The processus branchialis is only common in Pleurodema
• In Eupemphix larvae, this character is similar to the Physalaemus condition.
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Discussion
• Comparison among leiuperid tadpoles
• Comparison with Leptodactylus
• Less variation => all pond-type tadpoles, differently from Leptodactylus
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Larson & De Sá, 1998
Leptodactylus
Carnivorous (e.g., L. pentadactylus)
Lentic-benthic (e.g., L. fuscus)
Nidicolous (e.g., L. gr. marmoratus)
Semiterrestrial
Physalaemus
Lentic-benthic
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Conclusion
• Its utility in phylogenetic reconstruction => among genera and families
• Leiuperidae=> chondrocranium => morphological synapomorphy
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Acknowledgements
• Lilian Franco Belussi => photos, along with continuous support and suggestions
• Denise de C. Rossa-Feres => chemicals, work space, and access to collection
Grant # 011/2010