Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D....
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Transcript of Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D....
![Page 1: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Child Pedestrian Accidents
The Effect of Interventions
Over a 6 Year Period
Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D.
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Yale University
![Page 2: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pediatric trauma in the USA
• Kills more children than all diseases combined
• Each year
22,000 deaths
![Page 3: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ten Most Common Causes
• Pedestrian accidents• Drowning
• Bicycle accidents
• Falls from heights
• Scald burns
• Flame burns
• Suicides
• Assaults
• Choking
• Smoke inhalation
![Page 4: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why? Young Children:
• Think that if they can see a driver, the driver can see them.
• They think that cars can stop instantly
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Young Children:
• They can’t tell where sounds come from
• They can’t judge how fast traffic is moving
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Young Children:• They have a field of vision 1/3
that of adults
• They don’t recognize danger or react to it
• They think of cars as friendly, living creatures
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Child Pedestrian Injuries
• The 2nd leading cause of death in ages 5-9, behind cancer
• Account for 30-50% of all trauma hospitalizations
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Child Pedestrian Injuries
• 18,000 annual hospital admissions
• Fatality rate is 4%
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Child pedestrian injuries in New Haven, CT have been reduced by 61% over a six year period.
![Page 10: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•From 223 in 1992-93
•To 87 in 1998-99
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Data Collection New Haven, CT
• Two 18 month periods
• 1992-93 and 1998-99
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Data Collection
• Hospital records
• School bus company information
• City departments of:Police Traffic and ParkingPlanning Public Housing Economic Development School Districts
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Collision Mapping
• 26 census districts in New Haven
• Each collision was mapped
• Correlated with season of year, day of week, time of day
• Correlated with demographics
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Demographics
• Population density
• Race, gender, age
• Income
• Persons per household
• Housing units per acre
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Comparable for Both Periods
Population Traffic volume up 3%
Speed limits Right turn on red laws
Parking status Public parks
One-way streets Cross walks
Walk signals Crossing guards
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High Risk Factors Both Times
• Non-white population
• Households with >1 person per room
• More children per acre
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High Risk Factors Both Times
• Occupied units per acre
• Families below poverty line
• Lower median incomes
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Five Interventions Occurred
• Educating the children
• Increased school bussing
• Educating the motorists
• Decentralized public housing
• Increased traffic tickets and warnings
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Education for children
• Traffic safety programs in all elementary school grades twice a year (from zero/year)
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Increased school bussing
• From 35% of children to 73%
• More door to door pick-ups
• Fewer streets to cross
• 30-45 minutes on the bus = fewer daylight hours to play outside
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Educating the Motorists
• Public safe driving campaign• Flyers in public areas
• Billboards
• Mailings
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Decentralized public housing
• Largest complex demolished
• Transfers to smaller projects
• Vouchers for subsidized private housing
• A nationwide trend to decrease crime and poverty
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Increased traffic tickets and warnings by 22%
• In high risk areas
• At high risk times
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Never underestimate the power of the Police
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Results
1992-93 223 injuries
1998-99 87 injuries
a 61% reduction
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Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Post crossing guards at high risk times
![Page 27: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Install highly visible warning signs for motorists
![Page 28: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Crosswalks should be well-lit and painted in bright colors• Bright yellow with zebra design
• Embed rows of small lightsor reflectors in the asphalt
• Install flashing signs over themiddle of crosswalks
• Self-flagging crosswalksNot like thisNot like this
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Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Sidewalks added and fenced or barrier curbed
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Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Traffic lights reset to give children more time to cross busy intersections
![Page 31: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas
• Playgrounds should be safe and clean
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Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas**
• One-way streets
• One side parking bans
• Speed bumps
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Other Intervention Options for High Risk Areas**
• Pedestrian overpasses
• Ban cell phone use by drivers
** very difficult to accomplish politically
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Child pedestrian injuries and deaths can
be reduced without political battles and
without changing the intractable
problems of poverty and overpopulation.
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You can do this in your community!
![Page 36: Child Pedestrian Accidents The Effect of Interventions Over a 6 Year Period Thomas S. Renshaw, M.D. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Yale University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cda5503460f949a4641/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
“Never doubt that a small group
of people can change the world,
in fact it’s the only thing that
ever has.”
…… Margaret Mead
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Thank you!
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