Chicago Manual and Harvard Style

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Chicago Manual and Harvard Style

How to cite

26thJuly 2010


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Shaw Library & Resource Centre

What is Plagiarism?

Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, orborrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and"borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:

According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize"means:

to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) asone's own

to use (another's production) without crediting thesource

to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product

derived from an existing source.


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Why should I cite sources?

not all sources are good or right

citing sources shows the amount of research you've done.

citing sources strengthens your work by lending outsidesupport to your ideas.

Basically, citing stuff and having more footnotes looks good.


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Citation

A "citation" is the way you acknowledge certain material ifyour work came from another source. It also gives your

readers the information necessary to find that sourceagain, including:

information about the author

the title of the work

the name and location of the company that publishedyour copy of the source

the date your copy was published the page numbers of the material you are borrowing


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When do I need to cite?

Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need toacknowledge their source. The following situations almost

always require citation: whenever you use quotes

whenever you paraphrase

whenever you use an idea that someone else has alreadyexpressed

whenever you make specific reference to the work of another

whenever someone else's work has been critical indeveloping your own ideas.


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Different Styles

APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, Harvard etc etc.

Chicago Manual Humanities and social sciences

History IA, Econs IA, World Lit, TOK

Harvard Style Scientific essays

Bio, Chem, Physics IA or EEs


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Chicago Manual General Format

Footnoting

First Name Last Name, Title. (City/Location: Publisher., Year)page number.

Bibliography Last Name, First Name. Title. City/Location: Publisher., Year.

This is an

element.


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Chicago Manual Book;1 Author Footnoting

John Bradley, The Russian Revolution. (New York: Bison Books Corp.,1988) 154.

Bibliography Bradley, John. The Russian Revolution. New York: Bison Books Corp.,

1988.

Book with editions

Footnoting Michael Lynch, Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924., 3rd ed.

(London: Hodder Murray, 2005) 133. Bibliography

Lynch, Michael. Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924. 3rd ed.London: Hodder Murray, 2005.


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Chicago Manual Book; 2 Authors

Footnoting

Philip Catton and Graham MacDonald, eds., Karl Popper:

Critical Appraisals. (New York: Routledge, 2004) 54.

Bibliography Catton, Philip and Graham MacDonald, eds. Karl Popper:

Critical Appraisals. New York: Routledge, 2004.


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Chicago Manual Book; >3 Authors

Footnoting

V.P. Butt et al., eds., The Russian Civil War Documents from

the Soviet Archives. (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996) 43.

Bibliography

Butt, V.P., A.B. Murphy, N.A. Myshov and G.R. Swain, eds.The Russian Civil War Documents from the Soviet

Archives. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996.


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Chicago Manual Book; Translated

Footnoting

Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:

Methuen, 2005), 10.

Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Translated by Michael Meyer.

London: Methuen, 2005.


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Chicago Manual Website with Author

Footnoting

Gary Sheffield, The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?,

BBC History: World War One. (accessed 10th January 2009).

Bibliography

Sheffield, Gary. The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?,

BBC History: World War One.

(accessed 10thJanuary 2009).


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Chicago Manual Website without Author

Footnoting

AsiaOne Business, Singapore to tap reserves for first time,

AsiaOne, 22ndJanuary 2009.

(accessed 10th May 2009).

Bibliography

AsiaOne Business. Singapore to tap reserves for first

time, AsiaOne, 22ndJanuary 2009.

(accessed 10th May

2009).


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Chicago Manual The use of ibid Ibid the same place or above it

How to use ibid: Page 1

Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:Methuen, 2005), 10.

Ibid, 21.

Page 2 Ibsen, 24.

Ibid, 15.

Ibid, 64.

August Strindberg, Miss Julie., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:Methuen, 2006), 6.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid, 14.

Ibid.


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Harvard Style General Format

Footnoting

Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City,Country, Page Number.

Bibliography Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City,

Country, Page Number.


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Harvard Style Book; 1 Author

Footnoting

Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rdEd., CRC Press, Florida, USA, p45.

Bibliography Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd

Ed., CRC Press, Florida, USA.


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Harvard Style Book; 3-5 Authors

Footnoting

Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi,2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK, p217.

Bibliography Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi,

2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK.


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Harvard Style Journal; 5 Authors

Footnoting

Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007)Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for

reduction of fungi from sewage,Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China,p495.

Bibliography

Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007)Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for

reduction of fungi from sewage,Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China,pp493-7.


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Harvard Style Journal; >5 Authors

Footnoting

Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall,The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland,

USA, p1176.

Bibliography

Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall, The

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland, USA,pp1170-8.


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Harvard Style Website

Footnoting

Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer,http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.ht

m, accessed 20/10/2008.

Bibliography

Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer,

http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htm, accessed 20/10/2008.
http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htm


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Shortcuts

Microsoft Word 2007 and later

Citations and Bibliography function

Websites

Easybib.com

Just google it.


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Final Notes

Alphabetical Order

Just keep it consistent

Chicago Manual and Harvard Style

Documents

Transcript of Chicago Manual and Harvard Style