Referencing guide Harvard Style Ver2010

ISS Referencing 2010

Prepared by

Joy Misa & John Steenwinkel

December 2010

of 21 ISS Referencing 2010

Contents

Contents 2

1. What is Referencing? 3

Work ethics / academic integrity 3 When is it plagiarism and when is it not? 3

Citation systems 4

Reference systems 4

2. Steps Involved in Referencing 5

In-text citations 6

Reference List 6 Some guidelines 7

Special cases 8 Readers / anthologies 8 Unpublished (field/lecture) notes and interviews 9 Electronic or online references 10 Non-English author names 10 Non-English titles 10 Acronyms/abbreviations 10

Harvard-ISS referencing style 11 General comments 11

3. List of Reference Types used in the Harvard-ISS Output Style 13

4. Names of Persons 20

Reference List 21


1. What is Referencing?1

Referencing is a standardized, academic method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment, paper or publication in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced. A citation or bibliographic citation, then, is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item, with sufficient detail to allow a reader to locate it.

Work ethics / academic integrity

By referencing correctly, you give recognition to the work of other researchers, distinguishing your own intellectual contribution from theirs. You also allow readers to verify your ‘train of thought’ on the basis of the outcome of research of others. Proper source acknowledgement is considered an important issue in academic work. Good referencing protects you from charges of plagiarism and allows other researchers or readers to verify citations and quotations.

When is it plagiarism and when is it not?

When you are writing a research paper or publication you ARE allowed to:

sum up a writer’s thoughts in your own words. repeat a small section of text, enclosing it in quotation marks (‘ ’).

In both cases, correct references must be made both in the text and in the bibliography/list of references.

What you are NOT allowed to do and is unacceptable is to:

summarize or repeat work by another author (including anything you find on the internet!) and re-use this in your research paper without correct referencing. To do so constitutes plagiarism.

You, as the author, are responsible for checking the accuracy and completeness of the referencing of all cited works. This is true not only for official publications, but also for research papers.

1 This guide has been adapted and further developed from: Library and Information Service, Curtin University of

Technology, Harvard Referencing 2007, 11p. Originally available online from <http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_ and_information_skills/referencing/index.html>. This 2010 version of the Harvard-ISS referencing guidelines incorporates adaptations made based on feedback by and experiences of ISS MA 2007/2008 students and colleagues, and has been adapted for use in RefWorks®.

Why reference?

Referencing is necessary to give recognition to the work of other researchers.

Readers who are interested in a topic are given the required information to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments.


Citation systems

There are broadly two citation systems: one uses parentheses and the other numbered notes. Note systems involve the use of sequential numbers in the text which refer to either footnotes or endnotes. The Harvard-ISS style uses the parentheses system, in which the author indicates abbreviated source information (for example, author, year and page number) enclosed in parentheses in the article text.

Reference systems

There are many forms of referencing or reference styles. Some of the better known styles are APA by the American Psychologist Association, Chicago Manual of Style by Chicago University, Harvard by the Harvard Law Review Association and MLA by the American Language Association. Turabian originates from Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. The latter closely resembles the Chicago Style and was developed for term papers, essays and research papers (generally unpublished work). This information document provides a brief guide to the Harvard Referencing Style, as adapted for the ISS. This style is characterized by:

in-text citations, in which the author’s name is given first, followed by the publication date;

a reference list at the end of the paper that contains the full details of all the in-text citations.

Whatever style you use now or later in your academic career, it is important to be correct, complete and consistent. At ISS, the Harvard-ISS style of referencing is preferred. Before the introduction of the Harvard-ISS style, the referencing style of the journal Development & Change (of which ISS is co-publisher) was generally considered as the ISS in-house style of referencing. When it was decided to adopt an official ISS house style, the ISS opted to use the Harvard style, with slight adaptations to simplify it, adhering to a functional use of typography.


2. Steps Involved in Referencing

Consider using RefWorks®,2 a web-based software tool that is designed to help you build a references database and manage your information in a personal, online library file. Create your personal RefWorks® account from a computer within the ISS premises (IP range). Further use is possible from any computer with an Internet connection. Other bibliographical software exist, both open-source and commercial; ISS supports RefWorks®. Using RefWorks®, you can record whatever information you find, at the very moment when and where you find a reference. Recording the search terms used, the names of databases, libraries or catalogues will help you to work efficiently and keep track of references that you may require later on. RefWorks® has additional fields for, among others, research notes, abstracts and descriptors. The following steps are important to correctly reference your assignment, research paper or publication in RefWorks®. 1. Copy the full bibliographic details into your RefWorks® library, including the page number(s) from which the information is taken.3

In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher, as found on the front and back of the title page.

In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.

For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed the information, and database name or web address (URL).

2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below). 3. RefWorks® automatically provides a list of references at the end of the document. As such, the list of references includes all (only) the references you refer to in your manuscript. A publication may list – together and in addition to works actually referred to in the text – published works that have been consulted and/or related publications considered to be of use to the reader. This list then becomes a bibliography, as opposed to a list of references. As a rule, a research paper has only a list of references.

2 For more information on see: <http://www.refworks.com>. 3 In RefWorks®, the fields required to be filled in for each reference type are marked with a tick.


In-text citations

Use the surname of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text. E.g. (Saith 2007: 63-74) or ‘[…] as stated by Saith (2007: 63-74)’. To distinguish different works by the same author in the same year, use the letters a, b, c, etc. For example, Besson (1993a, 1993b). If two or more works are cited at the same point in the text, they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a comma, e.g. (Moharir 1984: 99-100, Salih 2007). The items are presented alphabetically by author’s name and not chronologically. Where authors of different references have the same surname, include the author’s initials in the in-text citation, e.g. (K. Jansen 2004) or K. Jansen (2004). When quoting directly from another source, the relevant page number(s) must be given and either: enclose the quote within quotation marks, or format as a separate indented paragraph (without quotation marks). Similarly, when paraphrasing or referring to an idea from a book or other lengthy text, include the relevant page number(s), as this might be useful to the reader. Use ‘et al.’ (not italicized, note the punctuation!) when citing a work by more than two authors, but name them all in the references list. Use of Latin abbreviations (not italicized):

Ibid. (ibidem) indicates that the associated passage is from the same source as the previous in-text citation or foot/endnote.

Loc. cit. (loco citato) indicates that the associated passage may be found at the same location or page as the previously cited materials of the source specified. Preceded by the identification of the work being cited.

Op. cit. (opera citato) indicates that the associated passage may be found in the same article or book cited, but on another page within the work. Preceded by a designation of which author or work is being cited.

Reference List

A reference list includes only books, articles, etc. that are cited in the text. A bibliography is a list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources which the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader. The references list is arranged alphabetically by author’s name. Where an item has no author, it is cited by its title, and ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title. The Harvard-ISS referencing style requires the second and subsequent lines of each reference to be indented in order to highlight the alphabetical order.


Some guidelines

Author’s name

The name of the first author or editor of a publication is listed with the surname followed by the initial(s):

Saith, A. or Saith, Ashwani For a second author or editor, the sequence is reversed:

Saith, A. and K. Jansen

Note that the two names are separated by ‘and’. In case more than two authors/editors are indicated in the reference, you list all authors and editors in the sequence that the publication provides. Except for the first author, all additional authors are listed with the initials preceding the surname. Examples:

Stecher, B.M. and W.A. Davis Doornbos, M., L. Cliffe, A.G.M. Ahmed and J. Markakis (eds)

Since the purpose of the list of references is to be able to retrace a reference in the library or online, it is preferable to list authors/editors as they are given in the reference itself. So if Doornbos, M. is what the book in question uses (and not the Doornbos, M.R. that we can find in other publications for the same author) then the advice is to use Doornbos, M. (Note: Do not use an extra space between initials.) In every case, follow the author's preference. Note: RefWorks formats author names correctly when importing data from a predefined import filter. However there are cases in which records are imported from a database using all capitals for the author names. Correct this manually in the RefWorks record. (Example: GASPER, DES should become Gasper, Des.)

Manually entering author names in RefWorks

In the Authors field of a record, author names should be entered as follows: surname, followed by a comma, first name (or first initial followed by a period), and middle initial followed by a period. Each entry must be separated by a semi-colon. For example:

Saith, Ashwani; Mooij, Jos; Jansen, Karel etc. or Saith, A.; Mooij, J.; Jansen, K.

Choose 'first name' or 'initial' according to how it is displayed in the publication. If there is no author listed, find the institutional author (World Bank Group, United Nations Development Programme, etc.) or leave the Authors field empty.


Year of publication

After the authors/editors, the year of publication is provided between round brackets. No commas should be inserted before or after the year or round bracket. Example:

Stecher, B.M. and W.A. Davis (1992) Doornbos, M., L. Cliffe, A.G.M. Ahmed and J. Markakis (eds) (1992)

Note that (ed) or (eds) are within a separate set of round brackets preceding the year of publication. There should be a space between these two sets of brackets.

Title

Book and journal titles are set apart by italics in Harvard-ISS style. (These two types of titles are ‘independent’, i.e., they stand by themselves and are not derived from a series.) Titles of chapters and titles of articles are given in single quotation marks. Titles are formatted by RefWorks in the ‘title case’ which, simply put, means that the first word and all the ‘main’ words in a title should have initial capitals, and all the 'joining' words should be left in lower case, e.g.:

A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. The rules for capitalization in title case, are:

Always capitalize the first word.

Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions (‘as’, ‘because’, ‘although’).

Use the lowercase for all articles, coordinate conjunctions (‘and’, ‘or’, ‘nor’), and prepositions (‘of’, ‘to’) regardless of length, when they are other than the first word.

Special cases

Readers / anthologies

Aside from rules that apply to cases of multi-authored sources, there are also rules for chapters or articles which may have been published earlier and re-printed (and even updated) for the purpose of a book. The book may be a compilation of publications on a particular topic, which the author or authors have published at a prior date to the publication date of the book. Examples of such books are readers and anthologies. A book with contributions from several sources has two levels of bibliographical data:

1. The reference information on the chapter, article or book section with, where applicable, original publication year.

2. The reference information on the book as a new complete work. The first piece of information is relevant to the reader to identify the year in which the original research was published and where it was published (if and


when identified by the publication). The second piece of information can be considered a ‘normal’ reference. So your reference may look like this:

Rich, Adrienne (1978) ‘Living Sun’, in N. Sullivan (comp.) The Treasury of American Poetry. New York: Guild America.

If the chapter is a reprint this is also reflected:

Ryan, W.F. (1993) ‘The Genesis of the Techno-Thriller’, Virginia Quarterly Review 69(1): 24-40. Rpt. in Contemporary Literacy Criticism 112: 61-67 (1999).

Note that if you have consulted a reprint (i.e., an unrevised, re-publication of a book or article in its original form), you would use the publication year of the original publication, not of the reprint. Reprints are identified by the abbreviation “Rpt. in” or text ‘reprinted in’. More complications may arise if the book editor and/or author have changed the title of the original publication. You then start with the new title and publication details first, followed by ‘Rpt. of’ (for ‘reprint of’), followed by the original title and publication information.

Unpublished (field/lecture) notes and interviews

As an author, you can make use of (your own) notes and interviews that have not yet been published and cite them in the text (i.e., as an ‘in-text citation’). It is customary not to include these in your list of references, although if you consider it handy or useful to list them, you may certainly do so. A footnote or endnote may be added to your in-text citation, if it is necessary to explain relevant characteristics, conditions or details that are important for understanding the cited data. When you refer to an interview that is published in a journal, online magazine or newspaper, you deal with it as a normal reference. We recommend the sequence that Neville (2007: 144) suggests:

name of the person interviewed, year of interview, title of the interview, explanation, interviewer’s name, title of the publication (italicized) and publication’s details.

Example:

Bayat, A. (2007) ‘Slums, Informality and Politics. Interview with Professor Asef Bayat’, interview on the occasion of the 55th ISS anniversary by Helen Hintjens and Kristin Komives, DevISSues 9(2): 4-6.

It is advisable to restrict data in the text to the specific data considered important to the argument of the paper. Other supplementary data sets, overviews, etc. relevant to the paper can best be put in an appendix. The extent of material to be presented in support of your text is a matter of agreement or discussion between you as author and your supervisor or your publisher.


Electronic or online references

For CD-ROM/DVD references, your reference should include the source of the information, the name of the database, the title of the CD-ROM or DVD (with the release date), and the item number (if applicable). For online databases, your reference should include the date of retrieval (day-month-year), the source of the information, the name of the database and the item number (if applicable). World Wide Web (WWW) references other than online databases should also include the source of the information, i.e., the name of the database and the item number (if applicable), the URL of the website used, together with page numbers (if applicable). In general, you will find the name of a website on the ‘title bar’ at the top of your Internet browser. When you use a search engine, however, your search terms will be displayed in the title bar when the search engine displays the results of a search. Sources from the web without a title or author: Use the title on in the ‘title bar’ at the top of the page as the title of your reference. The web publisher could be considered the author and this should also be traceable on the home page of the site or in the 'About' page. Then the URL would be the exact location on the web which should be followed by the date of access. Should your work involve mainly a variety of online resources – such as online newspapers, web pages, electronic databases, web video, e-books, wikis, weblogs and podcasts – then you may also want to consult one of the many guides for Harvard Referencing for electronic sources (e.g., The Learning Centre, 2005-2009).

Non-English author names

See Section 4 below.

Non-English titles

The original title first (properly formatted, i.e., italics for book title, etc.) followed by the English translation within parentheses (also properly formatted).

Acronyms/abbreviations

Names of organizations and such should be spelled out in full and followed by the acronym within parentheses.

Example: United Nations (UN) (2006) Annual Report. Geneva: UN. For non-English institutional names, spell out the original name for spellings using the Roman alphabet, providing a translation if the reader might not understand. This approach works well with organizations whose acronyms are well known; e.g., CCITT (Comité Consultatif International de Télégraphique et Téléphonique), using a translation (International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony) followed by the acronym could confuse some readers. This same guideline applies to university names. In some cases, the non-English acronym is well known and always associated with the English translation. An example is the


European Center for Nuclear Research, which is widely known by its French acronym CERN.4

Harvard-ISS referencing style

The list of references appears at the end of the paper as a separate section with the title ‘References’ or ‘Bibliography’. All works cited in the text (including sources for tables and figures) should be listed alphabetically. For multi-authored works, invert the name of the first author only (Gadgil, M. and R. Guha). Use (ed.) for one editor, but (eds) for multiple editors. When listing two or more works by one author, repeat the author’s name for each entry. Indicate (opening and closing) page numbers for articles in journals and chapters in books. Use the smallest possible number of numerals when referring to pagination and dates (e.g. 10–29, 42–5, 1961–4, 1961–75). For author’s names5 and reference titles, RefWorks® will capitalize correctly where required and italicize the appropriate fields, irrespective of how records have been entered. Users of RefWorks® will find that when the Harvard-ISS style is selected, the in-text citations and references list are correctly displayed in the Ms Word document when the right database fields have been correctly used. It is essential to input information properly. For example, ranges of page numbers should be entered in the page number field of a record of RefWorks® as follows: ‘3-18’, not ‘p. 3-18’ or ‘pp. 3-18’.

General comments

The modern trend in typography is to concentrate on functionality, the leading question being: ‘Will a difference in typography support an easy recognition of a difference in information (e.g., a journal title as distinct from an article title)?’ This is reflected in the Harvard-ISS output style. In general, the Harvard style sets standards for the order and content of information in the reference, not so much for the format or layout on the page. Many variations of layout are in use and may be encountered. It is essential to be consistent within a document. It is also desirable for publications of an organization to consistently use the same layout and formatting. Editorial boards of journals set their own additional style characteristics in ‘Author’s Guidelines’ to maintain consistency in the referencing throughout a journal and its volumes or issues.6

4 IEEE Computer Society Style Guide, accessed 23 Sept. 2010 <http://www.computer.org/portal/web/publications/ style_nonenglish>.

5 In September 2003, the official Harvard format began using uppercase for author names – e.g., PRONK, J. (2007). This did not become widely accepted, certainly among UK and continental European authors. Harvard-ISS style uses initial letter capitalization for author’s names: e.g., Pronk, J. (2007).

6 Some examples in this guide were taken from Development and Change, ‘How to contribute’, accessed 23 February 2009 <http://www.iss.nl/Development-Change/How-to-contribute>, inasfar as they conformed to the Harvard-ISS house style.


The list of reference types in the appendix below provides examples of a large number of types of publications. The second column explains the correct use of the in-text citation. Column three illustrates the full reference in the list of references. In column four you will find the reference type to be selected in RefWorks® for the publication. Remarks are found in column four.

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Fou

nd in

Ja

lilia

n et

al.

(200

0) …

Ja

lilia

n, H

., M

.A. T

ribe

& J

. Wei

ss, J

. (ed

s) (

200

0) In

dust

ria

l D

evel

opm

en

t and

Po

licy

in A

fric

a. C

helte

nha

m: E

dw

ard

E

lgar

.

Bo

ok, E

dite

d In

text

alw

ays

use

firs

t a

utho

r +

et a

l. ;

no (

eds)

in in

-tex

t cita

tion

. N

o e

xtra

spa

ce b

etw

ee

n in

itial

s.

Boo

k tit

le in

titl

e ca

se.

Diff

eren

t ed

itio

ns

(Ren

ton

2004

: 51)

R

ento

n, N

. (20

04)

Co

mp

endi

um

of G

ood

Writ

ing

(3r

d ed

n).

Milt

on: J

ohn

Wile

y &

Son

s.

Bo

ok, W

hol

e

An

editi

on n

um

ber

is p

lace

d a

fter

the

title

of

the

wo

rk w

ithin

par

en

thes

es

and

spe

lt ‘e

dn

’ – n

o fu

ll st

op.

Thi

s is

not

nec

essa

ry

for

a fi

rst

editi

on.

M

ulti

ple

pu

blis

hers

(C

haba

l and

Dal

oz 1

999)

C

haba

l, P

. and

J.-

P. D

alo

z (1

999)

Afr

ica

Wo

rks:

Dis

orde

r as

P

olit

ical

Inst

rum

ent

. Oxf

ord

: Ja

mes

Cur

rey;

Blo

om

ing

ton

, IN

: In

dia

na U

nive

rsity

Pre

ss.

Bo

ok, W

hol

e

Pub

lishe

rs a

re s

epar

ated

by

a s

em

i-co

lon.

Enc

yclo

ped

ia o

r D

ictio

nary

T

he N

ew

Gro

ve D

ictio

nary

of

Mus

ic a

nd

Mus

icia

ns

(198

0: 8

5) d

efin

ed it

as…

Sad

ie, S

. (ed

.) (

198

0) T

he

Ne

w G

rove

Dic

tiona

ry o

f Mu

sic

an

d

Mus

icia

ns (

6th

edn

, vol

s 1

–20

). L

ond

on:

Mac

mill

an

.

Ge

neric

V

olu

mes

are

indi

cate

d a

s ‘v

ols’

– n

o fu

ll st

op

.

Cha

pter

in a

boo

k

As

disc

usse

d b

y B

laxt

er

(197

6)…

R

elig

ion

, as

ter

Ha

ar (

2005

) ex

am

ines

…..

Bla

xter

, M. (

1976

) ‘S

ocia

l Cla

ss a

nd H

eal

th I

neq

ualit

ies’

, in

C.

Car

ter

and

J. P

eel (

ed

s) E

qual

ities

an

d In

equ

aliti

es in

H

ealth

, pp.

120

–35

. Lo

ndon

: Aca

dem

ic P

ress

. G

errie

ter

Haa

r (2

005)

'Rel

igio

n: S

ourc

e o

f Con

flict

or

Res

our

ce

for

Pe

ace?

', in

Ger

rie te

r H

aar

and

J.J

. Bus

utti

l (e

ds)

Bri

dge

or b

arri

er :

relig

ion

, vio

lenc

e a

nd

vis

ions

for

pea

ce, p

p. 3

-34

. Le

iden

: Bril

l.

Boo

k,

Sec

tion

N

ote

: in

this

exa

mpl

e th

e au

thor

of t

he

chap

ter

and

th

e ed

itors

are

diff

ere

nt

pers

ons

. In

this

exa

mp

le th

e a

utho

r o

f the

cha

pter

is

als

o c

o-ed

itor

of t

he

bo

ok.

Cha

pter

in a

boo

k –

no

au

thor

(‘S

olvi

ng th

e Y

2K P

robl

em

’ 19

97)

‘S

olvi

ng

the

Y2

K P

robl

em

’ (19

97)

in D

. Bo

wd

(ed

.) T

ech

nolo

gy

Tod

ay a

nd

To

mor

row

, pp

. 27

–31

. Ne

w Y

ork

: Van

Nos

tran

d

Rei

nho

ld.

Boo

k S

ectio

n

Bro

chur

e

(Res

ear

ch a

nd

Tra

inin

g C

entr

e 1

993:

2)

R

ese

arch

an

d T

rain

ing

Ce

ntre

(1

99

3) ‘G

uid

elin

es fo

r R

epo

rtin

g an

d W

ritin

g ab

out P

eop

le w

ith D

isa

bilit

ies’

(4t

h ed

n).

Me

lbou

rne:

Re

sear

ch a

nd T

rain

ing

Ce

ntre

on

Ind

epe

nden

t Li

vin

g (

broc

hur

e).

Boo

k,

Who

le,

Ele

ctro

nic

In a

uth

or fi

eld

, use

acr

on

ym if

app

lica

ble

; in

pu

blis

her

field

spe

ll ou

t. Y

ou

will

ne

ed t

o m

anu

ally

typ

e (b

roch

ure)

at t

he e

nd

of t

he

refe

renc

e.

E-b

ook

(P

ettin

ger

200

2: 4

5)

Pet

tinge

r, R

. (2

002)

Glo

bal O

rgan

iza

tions

. Oxf

ord

: Cap

ston

e P

ubl

ishi

ng. N

etL

ibra

ry d

ata

base

. Acc

esse

d 2

8 S

epte

mb

er

200

4.

Ele

ctro

nic

Boo

k

Incl

ud

e U

RL

if a

vaila

ble

.

The

sis

(B

orra

s 20

04)

B

orra

s, S

.M. (

200

4) ‘R

eth

inki

ng

Red

istr

ibu

tive

Lan

d R

efo

rm:

Str

ugg

les

for

Lan

d a

nd

Po

we

r in

the

Ph

ilip

pin

es’,

PhD

the

sis.

T

he H

ague

: In

stitu

te o

f Soc

ial S

tud

ies.

Dis

sert

atio

n/

The

sis

P

age

15 o

f 21

IS

S R

efer

enci

ng 2

010

In

-Te

xt E

xa

mp

le

Ref

ere

nce

Lis

t E

xam

ple

R

efer

en

ce

Typ

e (

In

Ref

wor

ks®)

Rem

arks

Wor

king

pap

er

(Bor

ras

199

8)

Bor

ras,

S.M

. (1

998)

‘Th

e B

ibin

gka

Str

ateg

y to

Lan

d R

efor

m a

nd

Im

ple

me

ntat

ion:

Au

tono

mou

s P

eas

ant

Mo

bilis

atio

ns a

nd

Sta

te R

efor

mis

ts in

the

Ph

ilipp

ines

’, IS

S W

orki

ng P

ape

r G

ene

ral S

erie

s N

o. 2

74. T

he

Hag

ue: I

nst

itute

of

Soc

ial

Stu

dies

.

Rep

ort

Con

fere

nce

pa

per

(C

utle

r e

t al.

199

7)

OR

A

s di

scus

sed

by

Cu

tler

et

al. (

199

7)

Cut

ler,

L.D

., B

. Fro

lich

and

P.

Han

raha

n (1

99

7) ‘T

wo

-han

de

d D

irect

Man

ipu

latio

n o

n th

e R

esp

onsi

ve W

orkb

ench

’, pa

per

pre

sent

ed a

t th

e S

ymp

osiu

m o

n In

tera

ctiv

e 3

D G

raph

ics,

S

tanf

ord

, CA

(16

Jan

uary

).

Con

fere

nce

P

roce

edi

ng

s

Imag

e in

a b

ook

T

he

post

er

‘Th

e 3

dark

ye

ars

’ (S

ext

on

200

5: 1

84)

S

exto

n, M

. (20

05)

The

Gre

at C

rash

: Th

e S

hor

t Life

and

Su

dde

n D

eath

of t

he W

hitla

m G

over

nm

ent

. M

elbo

urne

: Scr

ibe

P

ubl

ica

tions

.

Boo

k, W

hole

Pri

nt

Jou

rna

ls

Art

icle

A

s m

ent

ion

ed b

y W

har

ton

(1

996)

…

OR

‘…

wh

en

abse

iling

’ (W

hart

on

1996

: 8).

Wha

rto

n, N

. (1

996)

‘He

alth

an

d S

afet

y in

Ou

tdoo

r A

ctiv

ity

Cen

tres

’, Jo

urn

al o

f Adv

entu

re E

duc

atio

n a

nd

Out

do

or

Lea

ders

hip

12(

4): 8

–9.

Jour

nal

A

rtic

le

Art

icle

title

an

d jo

urn

al ti

tle b

oth

in ti

tle

case

.

Art

icle

– n

o a

uth

or

It’s

a gr

ow

ing

pro

blem

in

the

UK

(‘A

nor

exi

a N

ervo

sa’

196

9)…

‘Ano

rexi

a N

ervo

sa’ (

196

9) B

ritis

h M

ed

ical

Jo

urna

l 1: 5

29–3

0.

Jour

nal

A

rtic

le

Ne

wsp

aper

art

icle

(T

ow

ers

20

00)

T

ow

ers

, K. (

2000

) ‘D

octo

r no

t at F

aul

t: C

oro

ner’,

The

Aus

tral

ian

18 J

anua

ry,

p. 3

.

Ne

wsp

ape

r A

rtic

le

No

year

nec

ess

ary

afte

r m

ont

h.

Ne

wsp

aper

na

me

ita

liciz

ed.

Ne

wsp

aper

art

icle

– n

o

auth

or

(Syd

ney

Mor

ning

Her

ald

20

05)

S

ydne

y M

orni

ng

Her

ald

(20

05)

‘Rat

e R

ise

Sca

res

Ne

w H

om

e B

uye

rs A

wa

y’,

29 A

pril,

p. 3

5.

Ne

wsp

ape

r A

rtic

le

No

year

nec

ess

ary

afte

r m

ont

h.

Pre

ss r

elea

se

(Wa

ters

mith

20

00)

W

ate

rsm

ith, C

. (20

00)

‘BH

P e

nter

s ne

w e

ra’.

Mel

bour

ne: B

HP

Li

mite

d (p

ress

rel

eas

e, 1

Mar

ch).

R

epor

t

Ele

ctro

nic

Jo

urn

als

Ful

l tex

t fro

m a

n el

ectr

oni

c da

taba

se

(Ma

dden

20

02)

O

R

As

Ma

dde

n (2

002

) st

ates

…

Ma

dde

n, G

. (2

002)

‘In

tern

et

Eco

nom

ics

and

Pol

icy:

An

A

ust

ralia

n P

ersp

ectiv

e’,

Eco

nom

ic R

ecor

d 7

8: 3

43–

58.

AB

I/IN

FO

RM

Glo

bal d

ata

base

. A

cces

sed

8 M

ay

200

9 <

http

://w

ww

.vn

ulib

.edu

.vn/

Pu

blic

Fol

der/

Dic

hvu

/tric

h%

20d

an

_har

vard

.pdf

>.

Jour

nal

, E

lect

ron

ic

Pag

e 1

6 of

21

ISS

Ref

ere

ncin

g 2

010

In

-Te

xt E

xa

mp

le

Ref

ere

nce

Lis

t E

xam

ple

R

efer

en

ce

Typ

e (

in

Ref

wor

ks®)

Rem

arks

Ful

l tex

t fro

m a

n el

ectr

oni

c da

taba

se –

no

au

thor

Th

e In

tern

et h

as

had

a

hug

e im

pact

on

the

Aus

tral

ian

eco

nom

y (‘I

nte

rne

t Eco

nom

ics’

20

02)

…

‘Inte

rne

t Eco

nom

ics

and

Po

licy:

An

Aus

tral

ian

Per

spec

tive’

(2

002)

Eco

nom

ic R

ecor

d 7

8: 3

43–

58. A

BI/

INF

OR

M G

lob

al

data

bas

e. A

cces

sed

16

Oct

obe

r 20

04. h

ttp:/

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. ed

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ubl

icF

old

er/D

ichv

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ard

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Jour

nal

, E

lect

ron

ic

Ful

l tex

t ne

wsp

aper

, ne

wsw

ire o

r m

aga

zine

, fr

om

an

ele

ctro

nic

data

bas

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auth

or

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Pac

ked’

200

4)

‘WA

Pac

ked

with

Ove

rse

as A

ppe

al’ (

200

4) T

he W

est A

ustr

alia

n

12 N

ove

mbe

r, p

. 47.

Fac

tiva

da

tab

ase

. Acc

esse

d 1

3 N

ove

mbe

r 20

04.

Ne

wsp

ape

r A

rtic

le

Sou

rce

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lect

roni

c.

Ful

l tex

t fro

m I

nter

ne

t (I

nte

rna

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l Nar

cotic

s C

ontr

ol B

oard

199

9)

Inte

rna

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l Nar

cotic

s C

ont

rol B

oar

d (

199

9) U

nite

d N

atio

ns,

Vie

nna

, acc

esse

d 1

Oct

obe

r 1

999

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ttp:/

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. W

eb P

age

Art

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CD

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M f

orm

at

(BP

O)

(La

Ros

a 1

992

)

La R

osa,

S.M

. (1

992)

‘Mar

ketin

g S

lays

the

Do

wns

izin

g D

rago

n’,

Info

rma

tion

To

day

9(3)

: 58

–9. U

MI B

usin

ess

Per

iodi

cals

O

ndi

sc d

ata

base

. (C

D-R

OM

)

Jour

nal

, E

lect

roni

c

Wo

rld

Wid

e W

eb

Doc

um

en

t on

WW

W

‘It’s

ess

en

tial y

ou le

arn

ho

w

to r

efe

renc

e’ (

Da

wso

n e

t al.

200

2).

Da

wso

n, J

., L.

Sm

ith, K

. Deu

ber

t and

S. G

rey-

Sm

ith (

200

2) ‘

“S”

Tre

k 6

: Re

fere

ncin

g, n

ot P

lag

iaris

m’.

Acc

esse

d 3

1 O

ctob

er

200

2 <

http

://st

udyt

rekk

.lis.

curt

in.e

du.a

u/>

.

Web

Pag

e

Doc

um

en

t on

WW

W –

N

o au

thor

(‘L

eaf

y S

ead

rago

ns’ 2

001

)

‘Le

afy

Se

adra

gon

s an

d W

eed

y S

ead

rago

ns’ (

200

1) A

cces

sed

13

N

ove

mbe

r 20

02

<h

ttp://

ww

w.w

inds

peed

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nn

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.

Web

Pag

e

Doc

um

en

t on

WW

W –

N

o da

te

(Ro

yal I

nstit

ute

of B

ritis

h

Arc

hite

cts,

n.d

.)

Ro

yal I

nstit

ute

of B

ritis

h A

rchi

tect

s (n

.d.)

‘Sh

api

ng

the

Fu

ture

: C

are

ers

in A

rchi

tect

ure

’. A

cces

sed

31

Ma

y 20

05

<h

ttp:/

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.

Web

Pag

e

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in Y

ear.

Imag

e o

n th

e w

eb

T

he

imag

e of

the

wa

sp

(‘Was

ps, H

orn

ets

an

d

Ye

llow

jack

ets

’, n

.d.)

‘Was

ps, H

orn

ets

an

d Y

ello

wja

cket

s’ (

Imag

e) (

n.d

.) A

cces

sed

28

Nov

em

ber

200

5 <

http

://w

ww

.late

rs.c

om/ i

nse

cts/

horn

ets

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m>

.

Web

Pag

e

In y

ou

r re

fere

nce

s lis

t, t

ype

(Im

age

) m

anu

ally

afte

r th

e tit

le.

Go

vern

me

nt

Pu

blic

atio

ns

Act

s of

Pa

rlia

men

t (in

clu

ding

bill

s)

Th

e C

om

mo

nw

ealth

’s

Cop

yrig

ht A

ct 1

968…

E

ssen

tial e

lem

ents

: Sh

ort

Titl

e of

Act

Ye

ar (

Juris

dict

ion)

, sec

tion

E

.g.:

Cop

yrig

ht

Act

196

8 (

Cw

lth),

s. 3

48.

B

ills/

R

esol

utio

ns

If le

gis

latio

n is

ob

tain

ed

fro

m a

n

ele

ctro

nic

data

base

, ad

d th

e d

ate

of

acce

ss a

s fo

r e

lect

ron

ic jo

urna

l art

icle

s.

P

age

17 o

f 21

IS

S R

efer

enci

ng 2

010

In

-Te

xt E

xa

mp

le

Ref

ere

nce

Lis

t E

xam

ple

R

efer

en

ce

T

yp

e (

in

Ref

wor

ks®)

Rem

arks

Leg

al R

ule

s &

G

over

nmen

t re

gula

tions

(Min

istr

y o

f Em

plo

yme

nt a

nd

imm

igra

tion

, Gov

ern

men

t of

Alb

erta

200

5)

Min

istr

y fo

r E

mpl

oym

en

t an

d Im

mig

ratio

n, G

over

nm

ent o

f Alb

erta

(2

005)

'Alb

erta

Reg

ula

tion

241

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Arc

hite

cts

Act

. Edu

catio

n

and

Tra

inin

g R

egu

latio

n'. A

cces

sed

6 M

ay

200

9

<h

ttp:/

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.

La

ws/

S

tatu

tes

Cas

e

(The

Sta

te o

f Ne

w S

outh

W

ales

v. T

he C

om

mon

we

alth

19

15)

The

Sta

te o

f Ne

w S

outh

Wal

es

v. T

he C

om

mon

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Go

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ublis

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Ser

vice

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Rep

ort

Pat

ent

U.S

. Pa

ten

t No

. 45

543

99

(198

5)

Coo

kson

, A.H

. (19

85)

‘Par

ticle

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In

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nsm

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yste

m’.

US

Pa

tent

455

43

99.

Pat

ent

Sec

on

da

ry S

ou

rces

Cita

tion

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ci

tatio

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a b

ook

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incl

udi

ng

ne

ural

gia

(C

arin

i an

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ogan

, as

cite

d in

T

hib

ode

au

an

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ogan

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s ci

ted

in T

hibo

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bo

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.A. a

nd

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tton

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he H

um

an

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y in

He

alth

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s, M

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Mo

sby.

B

ook,

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ole

R

ecor

d th

e bo

ok t

hat

yo

u a

ctua

lly

sour

ced.

C

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ed m

anu

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he

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sin

g th

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21

ISS

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ple

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in

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2)

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arin

i an

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ogan

, as

cite

d in

Pa

tton

20

02:

215

4)

Pat

ton,

K.T

. (2

002)

‘Neu

ralg

ia a

nd H

ead

ach

es’

, Sci

ence

400

: 21

53–

5.

Jour

nal

Art

icle

R

ecor

d th

e jo

urn

al th

at

you

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ual

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anu

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sin

g th

e ‘e

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itatio

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tion

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rite

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ite.

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er

So

urc

es

Per

sona

l co

mm

unic

atio

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e-m

ail

and

dis

cuss

ion

lis

ts w

ith n

o w

eb

arc

hiv

e

It w

as

conf

irm

ed th

at a

n o

utb

rea

k oc

curr

ed

in L

ond

on

(S

. Sav

ieri,

pe

rson

al

com

mun

icat

ion,

24

Ap

ril

1999

).

Not

incl

uded

in r

efer

ence

list

as

they

can

not

be

trac

ed b

y th

e re

ader

. P

ers

on

al

Com

mu

ni-

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ld n

otes

and

un

publ

ishe

d in

terv

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s

(Mis

a 20

09, p

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onal

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) In

fo

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Per

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ew

with

J.

Mis

a on

form

attin

g P

hD

thes

es, a

t th

e In

stitu

te o

f S

ocia

l Stu

dies

, The

Hag

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20

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Not

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ate

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Typ

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s is

not

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incl

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in th

e re

fere

nce

s lis

t. C

on

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pa

pe

r su

pe

rvis

or

in h

ow

far

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ta

an

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term

ed

iate

re

sults

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ppen

dix

in

just

ifica

tion

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arc

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ing

s pr

esen

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e pa

per.

F

ilms

and

vide

o re

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ings

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ou C

an

Co

unt

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Me

20

00

) Y

ou C

an C

oun

t on

Me

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00)

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rse

se (

prod

ucer

) an

d K

. Lo

nerg

an (

dire

ctor

). M

otio

n pi

ctur

e. L

os A

ngel

es:

Par

amou

nt P

ictu

res.

Mot

ion

Pic

ture

Te

levi

sio

n a

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p

rog

ram

me

s

(The

Mac

Nei

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rer

New

s H

ou

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993

)

‘The

Mac

Nei

l/Leh

rer

New

s H

our’

(19

93)

L. C

ryst

al (

exec

utiv

e pr

oduc

er)

. Tel

evis

ion

broa

dcas

t, 1

1 O

ctob

er.

New

Yor

k an

d W

ashi

ngto

n, D

C:

Pub

lic B

road

cast

ing

Ser

vice

.

Sou

nd

Rec

ord

ing

Po

dcas

t (S

eega

& S

wa

n 2

005)

‘A

dult

AD

HD

’ (20

05)

B. S

eega

(pr

oduc

er).

Pod

cast

rad

io

pro

gra

mm

e, 2

8 N

ove

mb

er. S

ydn

ey:

AB

C R

adi

o N

atio

nal.

http

://w

ww

.ab

c.ne

t.a

u/rn

/ ta

lks/

8.3

0/h

elth

rpt/

(a

cces

sed

29

No

vem

ber

20

05)

Sou

nd

Rec

ord

ing

Com

pute

r S

oftw

are

(M

iller

199

3)

Mill

er, M

.E. (

1993

) ‘T

he I

nter

activ

e T

este

r (V

ersi

on 4

.0)’

, C

ompu

ter

softw

are.

We

stm

inst

er, C

A:

Psy

tek

Ser

vice

s.

Com

pute

r P

rogr

am

P

age

19 o

f 21

IS

S R

efer

enci

ng 2

010

In

-Te

xt E

xa

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Ref

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nce

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t E

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ple

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efer

en

ce

T

yp

e (

in

Ref

wor

ks®)

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arks

ER

IC d

ocum

ent

(mic

rofic

he)

D

avi

s a

nd L

omb

ard

i (1

996

) p

ut fo

rwar

d t

he

pro

po

sal

that

…

Dav

is, R

.K.

and

T.P

. Lo

mba

rdi (

1996

) ‘T

he Q

ualit

y of

Life

of

Rur

al H

igh

Sch

ool S

peci

al E

duca

tion

Gra

duat

es’,

in R

ura

l G

oa

ls 2

00

0: B

uild

ing

Pro

gra

ms

tha

t W

ork.

ER

IC

Doc

umen

t No.

ED

3947

65 (

mic

rofic

he).

Gen

eric

E-m

ail

dis

cuss

ion

list

–

we

b a

rch

ive

(L

ittle

200

2)

Litt

le,

L. (

2002

) ‘T

wo

Ne

w P

olic

y B

riefs

’. M

essa

ge p

ost

ed t

o E

CP

OLI

CY

ele

ctro

nic

mai

ling

list (

16 A

pril)

. Arc

hive

d at

<

htt

p://

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w.a

ske

ric.o

rg/

Virt

ua

l Lis

tse

rv_

Arc

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es/

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PO

LIC

Y/2

002

/Apr

_200

2/ M

sg00

003.

htm

l>.

Web

Pa

ge

4. Names of Persons

From Bücking, W. and H. Hardenbol (1992) Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Monographs in the ISS Library, pp. 43-54. the Hague: Institute of Social Studies.


Reference List

Bücking, W. and H. Hardenbol (1992) Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Monographs in the ISS Library, pp. 43-54. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies.

IEEE Computer Society Style Guide (2010) ‘Non-English Words and Phrases’, http://www. computer.org/portal/web/publications/style_nonenglish, accessed 23 Sept. 2010)

Library and Information Service, Curtin University of Technology (2007) ‘Harvard Referencing 2007’, <http://library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/harvard.pdf>.

Neville, C. (2007) The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Maidenhead; New York: Open University Press.

Pears, R. and G. Shields (2008) Cite Them Right. The essential referencing guide. Wickem; Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.

The Learning Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) (2005-2009) ‘Harvard Referencing for Electronic Sources’. Accessed 3 February 2009 <http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/ref_elec2. html#elec17>.

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