policysupporttosmallscaleindustries-090622104828-phpapp01 (1).ppt
chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
-
Upload
gino-r-monteloyola -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
1/15
Factors Affecting
Solubility
Joan Santos
Elena Villanueva
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
2/15
Solubility whether or not a solute will dissolve in a
solvent and the extent in which it will
dissolve the amount of a solute that will dissolve
in a specific solvent given condition
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
3/15
Factors that affect solubility
The nature of the solute and solvent
Temperature Pressure (only applicable to gases)
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
4/15
Nature of Solute and
SolventRemember Covalent and Ionic?
Polar Solvent- a liquid made up of polar
molecules
Non-polar Solvent- a liquid made up ofnon-polar molecules
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
5/15
Nature of Solute and
Solvent When two substances are similar they
can dissolve in each other
polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents non-polar solutes tend to dissolve in non-
polar solvents
like dissolves like
two liquids dissolve in each other becausetheir molecules are alike in polarity
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
6/15
Nature of Solute and
Solvent Ionic compounds are made up of
charged ions similar to polar
compounds Ionic compounds are more soluble in a
polar solvent than in a non-polar solvent
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
7/15
Nature of Solute and
SolventSolute Polar Solvent Non-polar solvent
Polar Soluble Insoluble
Non-Polar Insoluble Soluble
Ionic Soluble Insoluble
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
8/15
Temperature
Solutions of gases in liquids are affected bytemperature
as temperature increases, the solubility of a
GAS in a liquid decreases WHY?
As temperature increases, the kinetic energy ofthe solute gas increases and the gas can
escape Solubility of SOLIDS in liquids: total opposite
the solubility of a solid increases as thetemperature increases (there are a few
exceptions)
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
9/15
Temperature Temperatures Affecting the Solubility as the
Solution is Formed
When the temperature drops while you mix thesolute and solvent, raising the temperature willincrease solubility
If the temperature stays neutral, thetemperature will have minimal or insignificant
effect either way If the temperature is increased when the
solute and solvent are mixed, raising thetemperature will decrease solubility
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
10/15
Pressure When the pressure is increased over the
SOLVENT, the solubility of the gas isincreased.
Why?
pressure increases as gas molecules strikethe surface to enter solution is increased
Henrys Law: solubility of gas is directlyproportional to the partial pressure of the gasabove the liquid
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
11/15
Factors Affecting Solubilityp=khc
p= partial pressure
kh= gas constant
(dimensions: pressure divided by
concentration, depends on the solute, solventand temperature)
c= concentration of the solute
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
12/15
Factors of Dissolving rate of which a solid solute dissolves in
a solution depends on three factors:
surface area, stirring, and temperature the rate of dissolving is unrelated to the
solubility if the solutes dissolves quickly
or slowly does not alter or depend on itssolubility
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
13/15
Surface Area dissolving solutes happen in the surface
area of the solvent
speed up the process by increasing thesurface area
The greater the surface area per unit
mass, the quicker it will dissolve
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
14/15
Stirring dissolving happens at the surface of the
solvent
contact between the solvent and thesolute is increased
-
7/28/2019 chemreport-100215062218-phpapp01.ppt
15/15
Temperature raising the temperature increases the
rate at which a solute dissolves
solvent particles move faster as theycome in contact more with the solute