Chemistry Test Review

Your test will be:

• 30 Multiple Choice

• 2 Open Ended Questions

• 1 Griddable

Hints for doing well on this test:

• Read each question carefully

• Answer the question you are asked

• Re-read each answer– Make sure you have answered the question

completely– Make sure your answer relates to the

question

Example Questions

And how to answer them

One of your friends stays overnight at your house. The next morning, your

mother cooks him some fried eggs for breakfast. He says, "I don't like fried eggs,

can you change them to poached eggs instead?"

– Use what you know about physical and chemical changes to explain why it

is NOT possible to change the fried eggs to poached eggs.

You MUST discuss changeschanges & whywhy in your answer

• It is not possible to change the fried eggs into poached eggs because cooking eggs is a chemical change

• Chemical changes produce new products that are very difficult to reverse

• Answer identifies cooking an egg as a chemical change

• Answer describes chemical changes as being difficult to reverse because the original substance is changed into a new substance

Scientists used to think electrons moved in orbits around the

nucleus. How do scientists currently describe the movementdescribe the movement of

electrons?

Notice the word movement – the question is not asking

about location only

• Electrons move in an electron cloud around the outside of the nucleus

• The electrons do not follow a particular path

Oxygen gas normally exists as O2 molecules. Each molecule contains

two oxygen atoms.

Is O2 a compound? Explain your answer.

Make sure you EXPLAINEXPLAIN

• No [answer]

• A compound must contain atoms from more than one element [explanation]

Why is the state of matter a physical property and

not a chemical property?

You must know the meaning of each of these

terms to answer this question

• State of matter

• Physical property

• Chemical property

Sometimes giving an example helps explain your

thinking:

• Changing state does not change the identity of the matter.

• Chemical properties can't be observed without changing the substance.

• Water is still water whether it is ice, liquid, or vapor. [example]

Vanadium, with an atomic number of 23, and bromine, with an atomic number of 35, are both in the same

period as germanium.

– Explain why bromine is most likely a non-metal.

– Explain why vanadium is most likely a metal.

• Vanadium is most likely a metal because it on the left side of the same period

• Bromine is most likely a non-metal because it is to on right side of the same period.

The operating system and programs that run on a

computer depend on tiny electrical circuit boards called

chips, which are made of materials called semi-

conductors. Based on the label "semi-conductor,"

which type of element would you predict is used to make computer

chips? Explain.

“Semi-Conductors”

• Metalloids because their ability to conduct electricity lies somewhere between the good metallic conductors and the poor nonmetallic conductors.

In the fall, you rake leaves into a pile, burn them, and spread the

ashes back on the lawn as fertilizer.

What are the chemical changes and what are the physical changes in this process?

Think about each part of the question

• Raking the leaves into a pile and spreading the ashes are physical changes.

• Burning the leaves and the ashes being broken down by the lawn for fertilizer are chemical changes.

Define the law of conservation of mass and explain how it

relates to physical and chemical changes.

2 Parts to this question

• Definition:– The law of

conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed.

• Explanation:– This means that the

mass of any substances present before a physical or chemical change is equal to the mass of the substances present after the change.

What are the three types of reactions?

The Three types of Reactions are:

• Synthesis: Two molecules come together to form a compound

• Decomposition: A compound breaks down into its separate parts

• Replacement: One element switches places with another element.

What is evidence that a chemical reaction took place?

Chemical Reaction

• Evidence that a chemical reaction took place are: – Color Change– Temperature Change– Formation of a Precipitate– Gas Production

What is important to know about the periodic table?

The Periodic Table Basics

• The periodic table is arranged by increasing ATOMIC mass.

• Columns or groups are VERTICAL and the elements in the same group HAVE SIMILAR PROPERTITES.

• Rows/period on the periodic table tell the number of electron shell an element has.

• Group 1 is the Alkali Metals, group 2 is the alkaline earth metals, Group 17 is the Halogens and group 18 is the Noble Gases.

Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids

• Metals (to the left of the zig zag line) MOST ELEMENTS ARE METALS!– Shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors of thermal energy,

solid at room temperature, reactive with oxygen, reactive with acids

• Nonmetals (to the right of the zig zag line) – Not shiny, poor conductors, not ductile, not malleable, some are

reactive with other substances, some are not

• Metalloids (On zig zag line, B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At)– Have properties of both metals and nonmetals, less malleable

and more brittle than metals, solid at room temperature, some are good semiconductors, most react with oxygen, some react with water or acids

Compare an element, atom, and compound.

• An ELEMENT is identified by the CAPITAL LETTERS. Example H, O, P.

• A COMPOUND is one or more element bonded together, CO2

• ATOMS are identified by the subscript in a compound: – H2O

• HYDROGEN- 2• OXYGEN- 1

What happens to the ENERGY in a phase change?

OLID

iquid

as

Melting Point

Boling Point

Condensation

Freezing

KNOW THIS

CHART

How are New Elements, Ions, Isotopes formed?

• New elements are formed any time the PROTONS are changed because it changed the ATOMIC NUMBER.

• Ions are formed when the electrons change and it causes the element to either be POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY charged.

• Isotopes are formed when the NEUTRONS change and it causes the MASS of the atom to change and NOTHING else!