Chemistry Assignment (1).pptx

8/17/2019 Chemistry Assignment (1).pptx

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SMJK SEG HWA,2015Form 4 Holiday Assignment

Tittle: Salts

Name !e" !i #ong$lass 4A%2015


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8.1 Synthesising Salts

• 8.1.1- Usages of salts used in daily life• 8.1.2- The meaning of salts

• 8.1.3- Classication of salts

• 8.1.4- Physical Properties of crystals

• 8.1.- Preparation and purication of sosalts

• 8.1."- Preparation od insolu!le salts


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Usage #f $alts

Agriculture Field :a. Used as inorganic pestisides todestroy insect.

!. %ost of the synthetic fertilisers aresalts.

Example& Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Phosphate

Medicinal Field :Calcium $ulphate 'emihydrate is

ma(e plaster casts for supporting !ones.

Food Industriesa. $odium Chloride is used as to gi*e a salty taste to food.

!. %onosodium glutamate is u)a*ouring to gi*e a *ery nice taste to the food.

c. $odium Chloride can also uspreser*ed food.

Chemical Indsutries,ample& $odium 'ypochlorite

/a#Cl Tin0 luorite $n4$il*er 5romide 6g5r


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What is SALTS?

• 6 salt is an ionic compound.

• The anion part comes from the acid +hile the capart comes from a !ase.

• 6 salt is a compound formed +hen the hydrogen

from an acid is replaced !y a metal ion or anammonium ion /'4 7 .

• ,ample& Cl #'0a9 7 'Cl0a9 Cl0a9 7 '


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Salts Soluble Insoluble

/itrate $alts : -

,thanoate $alts : -

Chloride $alts : • $il*er chloride6gCl

• ;ead0 chlorideP!Cl2

$ulphate $alts:

• ;ead0 sulpahteP!$#4

• Calcium sulphateCa$#4

• 5arium sulphate5a$#4

Car!onate $alts • $odium car!onate/a2C#3

• Potassium

car!onate 2C#3• 6mmonium

:

Soluble AndInsoluble Salts


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Physical Properties of Crys

Fi&ed geometri'als(a)es

Same s*+stan'e (ae sames(a)es +*t di--erent si.es

Fi&ed angles +et"eent"o ad/a'ent s*r-a'e

Flat s*r-a'e, straig(tedges and s(ar) angles


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%ethod of preparing a s

Sol*+leSalt

nsol*+Salt

Method 1 :/eutralisationusing titration Method :


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Preparation of Soluble salts

/eut r alisat io

n using t it r at ion

r e ac t i on


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$alt$olution

%ethod 1& Titration

06cid76l(ali

%ethod 2&


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%ethod 1& Titration

'emar(: 'epeat the titration )ithout using indicator


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%ethod 2&


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3

2

1

1. A solution is placed in basin and heated with a

2. The amount of the sol

through evaporation

3. The solution has evapo

crystallised solute


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Preparation of nsolu!le sa• 6n insolu!le salts is prepared through precipitation rea

• 69ueous solutions containing the ions of the insolu!le sa

mi*ed together to from the salt.

• nsolu!le salts can prepared !y double decomposition

reaction through precipitation.

• The insolu!le salt is formed as a precipitate and can !e

o!tained !y +ltration.

• ,ample& 5aCl20a9 7 /a2$#40a9 5a$#40s 7 2/aCl0a


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Precipitation > =ou!le decompositi


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1

2

3

2.The solid and liquid mixt

filter funnel.

3. The liquid can drip throu

the beaker below, leaving

1. The solid insoluble salt

are mixed together.

Purication of nsolu!le$alts


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8.2 ?ualitati*e 6nalysis #f $

8.2.1- @as conrmatory test8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on salts

8.2.3- ?ualitati*e analysis of anions

8.2.4- ?ualitati*e analysis of cations8.2.- $pecic conrmatory test


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?ualitati*e 6nalysis $tep1 #!ser*ation physical

properties of salts

2 6ction of heat on salts

4 Conrmatory testcations and anion

3 Test for cations andanions present

How to identify cation and an


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How to identify cation and anin salt?

i. Colour and solu!ility of the saltsii. @as test

iii.,Aect of heat on salt

i*. Conrmatory test for anions*. Conrmatory test for cations


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8.2.1- @as conrmatory te@as Colour $mell Conrma

#ygen @as0#2 Colourless #dourless

;ights up +ooden

'ydrogen @as0'2 Colourless #dourless

Produce a Bpoa lighted +oo

6mmonia @as0/'3

ColourlessPungent

smell

a Turns moipaper

! Produces

fumes +ithchloride

'rdrogenChloride 0'Cl Colourless Pungent

smell

a Turns moispape

!Produces fum

+ith ammon


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8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on salts0a,Aects of heat on car!onate saltsCarbonate Salts Action of %eat

• Potassium

car!onate• $odium car!onate

/ot decomposed !y heat.

• Calciumcar!onate

• %agnesiumcar!onate

• 6luminium

car!onate• inc car!onate• ron 0 car!onate• ;ead 0

car!onate• Copper 0

car!onate

=ecompose on heating to produce car!on dioide gas a

• %ercury 0 =ecompose to metal car!on dioide gas and oygen ga


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8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on sa0a,Aects of heat on /itrate salts

!itrate Salt Action of %eat

Calcium nitrate %agnesium

nitrate 6luminium

nitrate inc nitrate ron 0 nitrate ;ead 0 nitrate Copper 0

nitrate

=ecompose to produce oygen gas nitrogen d

gas and metal oide.

6mmoniumnitrate

=ecompose to produce nitrous oide gas and +

Potassiumnitrate

$odium nitrate

=ecompose to produce oygen gas and metal

Anion ,est


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?ualitati*e analysis of an

Anion ,est

1. Car!onate ion

C#3

- Pour 3 cm3 of a9ueous car!onate solution into a test tu!e

- 6dd 2 cm3 hydrochloric acid 'Cl- 5u!!le the gas produced through lime+ater

- ;ime +ater turned mil(y.

2. $ulphate ion

$#4

- Pour 2 cm3 of a9ueous sulphate solution into test tu!e

- 6dd 2 cm3 hydrochloric acid 'Cl

- 6dd 2 cm3 of !arium chloride solution 5aCl2.

- 6 +hite precipitate is formed +ith !arium chloride solution

3. Chloride ion Cl - Pour a!out 2 cm3 of a9ueous chloride solution into test tu!e

- 6dd 2 cm3 nitric acid '/#3

- 6dd 2 cm3 of sil*er nitrate solution 6g/#3.

- 6 +hite precipitate is formed +ith sil*er nitrate solution

4. /itrate ion /#3 - Pour a!out 2 cm3 of a9ueous nitrate solution into test tu!e

- 6dd 2 cm3 sulphuric acid '2$#4.

- 6dd 2 cm3 of iron 0 sulphate e$#4 solution. $ha(e to mi

- $lant the test tu!e and add slo+ly concentrated sulphuric ac

do+n the side of the test tu!e. =o not sha(e the test tu!e.-


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8.2.4 - ?ualitati*e analysis of cations

$al'i*m, $a23 W(ite Solid nsol*+le No $(ang

4 Magnesi*m, Mg23 W(ite Solid

5 Al*mini*m, Al3

W(ite Solid $olo*rless !ead, +23

6 7in', 7n23

8 ron9:, Fe23 Green Solid nsol*+le Green Solid

; ron9:, Fe3


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8.2. - $pecic conrmatorytest

0a Test or P!27

'eagent -bseration

6dd potassium iodide solution Dello+ precipitate in +ater.

6dd potassium chloride solution Cl Ehite precipitate in orm colourless soludissol*e in hot +ater

6dd potassium sulphate solution 2$#4

Ehite precipitate in +ater !ecause it is i

0! T t 27 d


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0! Test or e27 ande37

'eagent Fe"

Potassium 'eacynofemate0

$olution 4e0C/"

;ight 5lue =a

Potassium 'eacynofemate0$olution 6dd 3e0C/"

=ar( 5lue ;ig

Potassium Thiocynate $olution$C/

Pale Pin( 5lo

0c Test or /'3'eagent -bseration

6l(aline Pungent smell +hich turns mlitmus paper !lue is released

/esclerFs reagent 5ro+n precipitate is formese


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