Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids)...
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Transcript of Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids)...
Chemical Signals in Animals
Chemical Signals in Animals
•A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message
•Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”)
•May affect whole body or only target cells
•Important for maintaining homeostasis.
Chemical Signals in Animals
•Nervous system and endocrine system are very closely interrelated
•Some hormones are secreted by nerve cells
•Some act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.
Homeostasis
Blood calcium level
Homeostasis
rises
Blood calcium level
Homeostasis
rises
Blood calcium level
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises
Blood calcium level
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
raises drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Homeostasis
insulin
rises lowers
Blood glucose level
raises drops glucagon
Homeostasis
The thyroid makes thyroxin (T4), which controls metabolic rate and other functions.
T4
Homeostasis
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
is made by the anterior pituitary.
T4TSH
Homeostasis
TSH releasing hormone (TRH)
is made by the hypothalamus.
T4TSHTRH
Homeostasis
A buildup of T4 signals the hypothalamus
to stop making TRH.
T4TSHTRH
Homeostasis
A buildup of TSH does the same thing.
T4TSHTRH
Hormonal Signals
Some are local and affect only neighboring cells. These are broken down within seconds
Tropic hormones affect other endocrine glands
Pheromones affect other organisms
Receptors can be on the cell surface or intracellular.
Some Important Glands
Hypothalamus & pituitary
•Control of other glands,
•Growth (GH)
•Menstruation & lactation
•Many other functions.
Some Important Glands
Pineal
•Biological rhythms
Thyroid & Parathyroid
•Homeostasis (calcitonin & PTH)
Pancreas
•Blood glucose (insulin & glucagon).
Some Important Glands
Adrenal
•Stress (epinephrine & norepinephrine)
Gonadal
•Androgens, estrogen, progestin.
Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
menstruation
follicle
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
thickens
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
estrogen
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
estrogen
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
Ovulation!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
thickens
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
ovum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
ovum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
ovum
corpus luteum
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
menstruation
ovum
corpus luteum
BACK TO THE BEGINNING
GnRH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterusmenstruation
Vocabulary Reviewhormone
endocrine
target cells
homeostasis
calcitonin
PTH
insulin
glucagon
tropic hormone
pheromone
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
adrenal
gonadal