CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT - Europa
Transcript of CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT - Europa
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT
Substance Name: trichloroethylene
EC Number: 201-167-4
CAS Number: 79-01-6
Applicants´ Identities: RAG Aktiengesellschaft, RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren GmbH
Use number: 1
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT ii
Table of Contents
9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (and related risk characterisation) ................................................................... 3 9.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3
9.0.1. Overview of uses and Exposure Scenarios ....................................................................................... 3 9.0.2. Introduction to the assessment .......................................................................................................... 5
9.0.2.1. Environment .............................................................................................................................. 5 9.0.2.2. Man via environment ................................................................................................................. 6 9.0.2.3. Workers...................................................................................................................................... 6 9.0.2.4. Consumers ................................................................................................................................. 8
9.1. Exposure scenario 1: Use at industrial site – RAG – conveyor belt splicing and repair .......................... 8 9.1.1. Environmental contributing scenario 1: RAG – conveyor belt splicing and repair .......................... 8
9.1.1.1. Conditions of use ....................................................................................................................... 8 9.1.1.2. Releases ..................................................................................................................................... 9 9.1.1.3. Exposure and risks for the environment and man via the environment ..................................... 9
9.1.2. Worker contributing scenario 1: Hot vulcanization (PROC 10) ..................................................... 10 9.1.2.1. Conditions of use ..................................................................................................................... 10 9.1.2.2. Exposure and risks for workers ................................................................................................ 12
9.1.3. Worker contributing scenario 2: Cold vulcanistaion (PROC 10).................................................... 15 9.1.3.1. Conditions of use ..................................................................................................................... 15 9.1.3.2. Exposure and risks for workers ................................................................................................ 16
10. RISK CHARACTERISATION RELATED TO COMBINED EXPOSURE ............................................. 17 10.1. Human health ....................................................................................................................................... 17
10.1.1. Workers ........................................................................................................................................ 17 10.1.2. Consumer ...................................................................................................................................... 17
10.2. Environment (combined for all emission sources) .............................................................................. 17 10.2.1. All uses (regional scale) ................................................................................................................ 17
10.2.1.1. Total releases ......................................................................................................................... 17 10.2.1.2. Regional exposure .................................................................................................................. 17
10.2.2. Local exposure due to all wide dispersive uses ............................................................................ 18 10.2.3. Local exposure due to combined uses at a site ............................................................................. 18
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 3
9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (and related risk
characterisation)
9.0. Introduction
9.0.1. Overview of uses and Exposure Scenarios
General methodology of ES for RAG
RAG runs two hard coal mines in Germany: Prosper-Haniel (PH) and Auguste Victoria (AV). RAG Anthranzit
Ibbenbüren GmbH (an affiliate of RAG, own legal entity) runs the mine in Ibbenbüren (IB). At these mines,
different volumes of TRI are consumed per activity. The exposure assessment for workers and the local
environment is based on worst-case assumptions, utilising data from the mine with highest usage volume per
activity. For the regional exposure assessment all point sources of TRI, the three mines together, are taken into
account.
Process description
Splicing and repairing of endless belts in hard coal mines are conducted using vulcanising agents containing
trichloroethylene. Hot vulcanisation is done for splicing the belts. Cold “vulcanisation” is more precisely
described as a gluing process instead of being a vulcanisation. The activities are performed underground. The TRI
based products used are purchased from suppliers in sealed metal containers, which are stored in either
aboveground on site (never underground) or in a central storage which delivers the products to the sites upon
request. Containers which have been opened once are disposed of in compliance with European and national
waste regulations. Material and equipment (PPE or tools) used during handling of trichloroethylene containing
products is packed and sealed in plastic bags immediately after use and is also disposed of in compliance with
European and national waste regulations. As exposure of workers or releases to the environment during storage of
sealed containers can be excluded, no contributing scenario for storage is required. There are also no maintenance
activities resulting in releases of TRI.
The whole splicing activity for hot vulcanisation (contributing scenario 1) can be divided into the following steps:
Tailoring of the belt: Depending on the type of the belt and the type of joint to be made, the endings of the
belt are tailored. For instance, the cover is removed until the steel cords appear (steel cord belt) or finger
splices are cut (textile belts, see Figure 1). Subsequently, the parts to be spliced, e.g. the finger splices or
steel cords, are roughened by a handheld grinder. The parts are cleaned mechanically using a vacuum
cleaner.
Preparing for vulcanisation: The TRI-product is spread over the parts to be spliced (steel cords, finger
endings) in thin layers and left for drying purposes for 15 minutes (heating solution) or 30 min for
assembly solution, respectively. After drying, an unvulcanised rubber piece is placed properly when
necessary, e.g. for splicing steel cord belts. During the drying time, employees leave the working area.
Vulcanisation: Afterwards, the parts to be jointed are put together and vulcanised by a heating press at
150 °C and 12 bar. The temperature is held constant for one hour before a cooling period of 2 hours
follows.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 4
Figure 1: Finger splices of two endings of a ContiTan two ply textile belt.
Cold bonding (contributing scenario 2) is conducted in the following manner:
The damaged part of the belt is pre-cleaned with a broom before it is brushed and roughened with an
angle grinder. The TRI-product plus a hardener is spread on the roughened part using a brush and dried
for 30 minutes. This procedure is repeated one time. Afterwards, the glue is spread on a rubber stripe and
the roughened part of the belt, and pressed together with a tape roller. Drying for 15 minutes follows. The
repaired part is then polished to a smooth surface with an angle grinder with grinding attachment.
General operation conditions
The following good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented for all contributing scenarios:
Avoid direct contact with the substance or product;
Wear gloves (tested to EN374, WNR 4043261 or 4043359) if direct hand contact with the substance is
likely; wash off skin contamination immediately;
Wear protective gloves, impervious suits and suitable eye protection at all times when handling the
substance or product;
Avoid splashes and spills;
Avoid contact with contaminated tools and objects;
Clean up contamination/spills as soon as they occur;
Ensure suitable management/supervision is in place to check that the RMMs OCs are followed correctly;
Train staff on good practice to prevent/minimise exposures and to report any problems that may develop;
Adopt good standards of personal hygiene.
Qualitative assessment of risk from eye irritation
Protection against the risks of eye irritation is adequately ensured by the following RMMs:
Use suitable eye protection.
Avoid direct eye contact with product, also via contamination on hands.
Qualitative assessment of risk from skin irritation and sensitization
Protection against the risks of skin irritation and sensitisation (weak sensitizer) is adequately ensured by the
following RMMs:
Avoid direct skin contact with product
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 5
Identify potential areas for indirect skin contact
Wear gloves (tested to EN374) if direct hand contact with substance likely
Clean up contamination/spills as soon as they occur
Wash off skin contamination immediately
Provide basic employee training to prevent/minimise exposures and to report any skin effects that may
develop.
Tonnage information:
Assessed tonnage: 1.4 tonnes/year based on: Applicant’s information on the product volume used.
The following table list all the exposure scenarios (ES) assessed in this CSR.
Table 1. Overview of exposure scenarios and contributing scenarios
Identifiers Market
Sector
Titles of exposure scenarios and the related contributing
scenarios
Tonnage
(tonnes
per year)
ES1 - IW1 Use at industrial site - RAG - conveyor belt splicing and repair
- RAG - conveyor belt splicing and repair (ERC 4)
- Hot vulcanisation (PROC 10)
- Cold bonding (PROC 10)
1.4
Manufacture: M-#, Formulation: F-#, Industrial end use at site: IW-#, Professional end use: PW-#,
Consumer end use: C-#, Service life (by workers in industrial site): SL-IW-#, Service life (by professional
workers): SL-PW-#, Service life (by consumers): SL-C-#.)
9.0.2. Introduction to the assessment
9.0.2.1. Environment
Scope and type of assessment
The scope of exposure assessment and type of risk characterisation required for the environment are described in
the following table based on the hazard conclusions presented in section 7.
Table 2. Type of risk characterisation required for the environment
Protection target Type of risk characterisation Hazard conclusion (see section 7)
Freshwater Not needed Not needed
Sediment (freshwater) Not needed Not needed
Marine water Not needed Not needed
Sediment (marine water) Not needed Not needed
Sewage treatment plant Not needed Not needed
Air Not needed Not needed
Agricultural soil Not needed Not needed
Predator Not needed Not needed
Comments on assessment approach:
The regional concentrations are reported in section 10.2.1.2 (see Table 11, “Predicted regional exposure
concentrations (Regional PEC)”). The local Predicted Exposure Concentrations (PECs) reported for each
contributing scenario correspond to the sum of the local concentrations (Clocal) and the regional concentrations
(PEC regional).
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 6
The current CSR and the associated exposure scenario are tailored to supporting the application for authorisation
of TRI for its use in vulcanisation agents in underground mining at RAG AG and RAG Antharazit Ibbenbührebn
GmbH. TRI has been proposed for inclusion into Annex XIV of the REACH Regulation (the list of substances
subject to authorisation) due to its intrinsic properties as being carcinogenic (classification as carc 1B). Following
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Article 62(4)(d) the CSR supporting an application for authorisation needs to
cover only those risks arising from the intrinsic properties specified in Annex XIV. Accordingly, only the human
health risks related to the classification of TRI as a carcinogenic substance are considered in the current CSR. The
dominating health effect resulting from the intrinsic hazardous properties of TRI is renal cancer following
inhalation of gaseous airborne residues and systemic uptake. Evaluation of any potential hazards to the
environment is not required within the framework of this authorisation application. Health hazards, however, may
potentially also arise due to exposure of the general population via the environment. For the assessment of the
risks to the general population emissions to the environment are modelled using standard assessment tools
(Chesar/EUSES).
9.0.2.2. Man via environment
Scope and type of assessment
The scope of exposure assessment and type of risk characterisation required for man via the environment are
described in the following table based on the hazard conclusions reported and justified in section 5.11.
Table 3. Type of risk characterisation required for man via the environment
Route of exposure and type
of effects
Type of risk
characterisation
Hazard conclusion (see RAC/28/2014/07 rev 2)
Inhalation: Systemic Long
Term
Semi-quantitative Renal cancer:
At 6.2 mg/m³ and above:
Excess risk = 6.9 × 10−4
(mg/m³)−1
× concentration
(mg/m³) − 0.0039
Below 6.2 mg/m³:
Excess risk = 6.4 × 10−5
(mg/m³)−1
× concentration
(mg/m³)
Oral: Systemic Long Term Semi-quantitative Renal cancer:
At 0.92 mg/kg bw/d and above:
Excess risk = 4.66 × 10−3
(mg/kg bw/d)−1
× dose
(mg/kg bw/d) – 0.0039
Below 0.92 mg/kg bw/d:
Excess risk = 4.32 × 10−4
(mg/kg bw/d)−1
× dose
(mg/kg bw/d)
Comments on assessment approach:
With reference to section 9.0.2.1 above humans may potentially be exposed to TRI via the environment. Due to
the use in underground mines only, concentrations in aboveground air are considered to be negligible. Releases to
water, are also insignificant due to use in underground mines niot resulting in wastewater. Nevertheless,
distribution in the environment and concentrations relevant for secondary exposure of humans were calculated
using conventional algorithms (Chesar/EUSES).
9.0.2.3. Workers
Scope and type of assessment
The scope of exposure assessment and type of risk characterisation required for workers are described in the
following table based on the hazard conclusions presented document RAC/28/2014/07 rev 2.
Detailed information on the approach taken for the exposure assessment and justifications for tools used as well as
PROCs chosen for the single worker contributing scenarios is provided in the introduction chapter of the ES.
The exposure levels provided in the worker contributing scenarios are given as task-specific exposure durations,
most of which cover a significantly shorter period than a full shift (8 hours) or are performed less frequently than
every working day. Dose response curves published by ECHA, however, are calculated for 8 h exposure 5 days a
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 7
week (240 days a year) (RAC/28/2014/07 rev 2).
When calculating the excess risk due to inhalation or dermal exposure for the contributing scenarios correction
factors have been used to account for the duration of activities (contributing scenarios) during an 8 hour working
day. In the following, this factor is named factor A. As the ECETOC TRA tool calculates an 8 h TWA exposure,
taking into account that the respective activity is carried out a certain time, e.g. 15 minutes, factor A is always 8 h
TWA/ 8 h = 1.
Secondly, the excess risk has been calculated, accounting for the frequency of an activity, e.g. for an activity with
a frequency of once per month an additional correction factor of 0.05 has been used (12 days/ 240 days per year).
In the following, this factor is named factor B.
No other correction factors were used to account for yearly exposure to life time exposure duration for each of the
contributing scenarios. Therefore this approach represents a worst-case of the excess risk on kidney cancer due to
exposure to trichloroethylene at RAG AG and RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren GmbH..
The scope of exposure assessment and type of risk characterisation required for workers are described in the
following table based on the hazard conclusions presented in section 5.11.
Table 4. Type of risk characterisation required for workers
Route Type of effect Type of risk
characterisation
Hazard conclusion (see RAC/28/2014/07 rev 2)
Inhalation
Systemic Long
Term
Semi-quantitative Renal cancer:
At 33 mg/m³ and above:
Excess risk = 1.3 × 10−4
(mg/m³)−1
× concentration
(mg/m³) − 0.0039
Below 33 mg/m³:
Excess risk = 1.2 × 10−5
(mg/m³)−1
× concentration
(mg/m³)
Systemic Acute Not needed –
Local Long
Term
Not needed –
Local Acute Not needed –
Dermal
Systemic Long
Term
Semi-quantitative Renal cancer:
At 4.72 mg/kg bw/d and above:
Excess risk = 9.09 × 10−4
(mg/kg bw/d)−1
× dose
(mg/kg bw/d) – 0.0039
Below 4.72 mg/kg bw/d:
Excess risk = 8.4 × 10−5
(mg/kg bw/d)−1
× dose (mg/kg
bw/d)
Systemic Acute Not needed –
Local Long
Term
Not needed –
Local Acute Not needed –
Eye Local Not needed –
Comments on assessment approach related to toxicological hazard:
TRI has been included into Annex XIV of the REACH Regulation (the list of substances subject to authorisation)
due to its intrinsic properties as being carcinogenic (classification as carc 1B). As a semi-volatile solvent,
exposure via inhalation and by dermal contact to liquid residues may be relevant and are therefore considered in
this CSR.
Comments on assessment approach related to physicochemical hazard:
Not relevant – physicochemical hazards are not subject of this chemical safety report.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 8
General information on risk management related to toxicological hazard:
Skin protection and respiratory protective equipment (RPE) may be necessary depending on the level of contact.
Details are given in the respective contributing scenarios.
General information on risk management related to physicochemical hazard:
Not relevant.
9.0.2.4. Consumers
Exposure assessment is not applicable as there are no consumer-related uses for the substance.
9.1. Exposure scenario 1: Use at industrial site – RAG – conveyor belt
splicing and repair
Sector of use: SU 2a, Mining, (without offshore industries)
Environment contributing scenario(s):
RAG - conveyor belt splicing and repair ERC 4
Worker contributing scenario(s):
Hot vulcanisation PROC 10
Cold bonding PROC 10
Description of the activities and technical processes covered in the exposure scenario:
The activities entailing handling of trichloroethylene-containing products are described in detail in section 9.0
above.
9.1.1. Environmental contributing scenario 1: RAG – conveyor belt splicing and repair
9.1.1.1. Conditions of use
The cumulative quantity of TRI consumed for conveyor belt splicing (hot vulcanisation) and repair (cold bonding)
at all affected RAG sites is assumed to be at maximum 1.37 tonnes per year. RAG has forecasted the number of
splicing operations (hot vulcanisation) in 2014 to be 23 in total (21 in IB, 2 in PH and 0 in AV), i.e. approximately
twice per month. Repair operations (cold bondings) are performed approximately 6 times a week, so 312 days per
year at each site (equal to 936 repair activities in all three sites in total). The quantity of trichloroethylene
containing adhesive used per event is 1 kg or at maximum 2.5 kg (due to the size of product containers). At the
three assessed sites different quantities of vulcanisation agents are used annually: At Prosper-Haniel 503 kg are
used (expressed as trichloroethylene), at Auguste Victoria 61 kg, and in Ibbenbüren 806 kg per year (figures from
2013, decreasing in the future for the reasons explained in section 9.0). The total amount for the assessed use at
RAG sites is hence 1.37 t/a (assessed tonnage). The maximum figure from the three sites (806 kg) is adopted as the
worst case for the local environmental assessment (0.81 t, rounded).
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
• Daily use at site: <= 0.002 tonnes/day
The maximim annual tonnage (worst-case) for a given site is 0.81 t/a (rounded, see above). The number of
working days is 333. Accordingly, the amount used per day is calculated to be 0.0025 tonnes (rounded). This is
consistent with the aforementioned statement that the amount used per day varies between 1.0 and 2.5 kg.
• Annual use at a site: <= 0.81 tonnes/year
• Percentage of EU tonnage used at regional scale: = 100 %
Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant
• Municipal STP: Yes [Effectiveness Water: 100%]
• Discharge rate of STP: >= 2E3 m3/d
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 9
• Application of the STP sludge on agricultural soil: Yes
Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste)
• Particular considerations on the waste treatment operations: No (low risk) (ERC based assessment
demonstrating control of risk with default conditions. Low risk assumed for waste life stage. Waste disposal
according to national/local legislation is sufficient.)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
• Receiving surface water flow rate: >= 1.8E4 m3/d
9.1.1.2. Releases
The local releases to the environment are reported in the following table.
Table 5. Local releases to the environment
Release Release factor estimation
method
Explanation / Justification
Water Release factor Initial release factor: 0%
Final release factor: 0%
Local release rate: 0 kg/day
Explanation / Justification: For obvious reasons there are no
releases to wastewater from the assessed use: The cleaners and
adhesive agents used in splicing and repair of conveyor belts are
applied directly to the material to be treated. TRI evaporates from
the rubber surfaces within the process-specific drying time of
15-30 minutes. The repair facilities are located underground in coal
mines. The evaporated TRI is emitted via the natural ventilation of
the mining shafts. Accordingly, releases to water bodies (including
wastewater) are zero, whereas 100 % of the applied TRI is released
to air.
Air ERC based Initial release factor: 100%
Final release factor: 100%
Local release rate: 2 kg/day
Soil ERC based Final release factor: 5%
9.1.1.3. Exposure and risks for the environment and man via the environment
The exposure concentrations and risk characterisation ratios are reported in the following table.
Table 6. Exposure concentrations and risks for the environment
Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation
Freshwater Local PEC: 6.148E-9 mg/L Not required
Sediment (freshwater) Local PEC: 1.088E-7 mg/kg dw Not required
Marine water Local PEC: 5.381E-10 mg/L Not required
Sediment (marine water) Local PEC: 9.525E-9 mg/kg dw Not required
Predator (freshwater) Local PEC: 1.045E-7 mg/kg ww Not required
Predator (marine water) Local PEC: 9.148E-9 mg/kg ww Not required
Top predator (marine water) Local PEC: 9.148E-9 mg/kg ww Not required
Sewage treatment plant Local PEC: 0 mg/L Not required
Agricultural soil Local PEC: 7.286E-5 mg/kg dw Not required
Predator (terrestrial) Local PEC: 5.697E-5 mg/kg ww Not required
Man via Environment -
Inhalation
Local PEC: 6.17E-4 mg/m³ Excess risk: 3.95E-08
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 10
Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation
Man via Environment - oral Local PEC: 1.493E-06 mg/kg bw Excess risk: 6.45E-10
Man via environment -
combined routes
Excess risk: 4.01E-08
Table 7. Contribution to oral intake for man via the environment from local contribution
Type of food Estimated daily dose Concentration in food
Drinking water 6.963E-7 mg/kg bw/day 2.437E-5 mg/L
Fish 1.717E-10 mg/kg bw/day 1.045E-7 mg/kg ww
Leaf crops 1.814E-7 mg/kg bw/day 1.058E-5 mg/kg ww
Root crops 6.078E-7 mg/kg bw/day 1.108E-4 mg/kg ww
Meat 2.831E-9 mg/kg bw/day 6.585E-7 mg/kg ww
Milk 4.925E-9 mg/kg bw/day 6.145E-7 mg/kg ww
Conclusion on risk characterisation
The emission estimation is based on an worst case site-related maximum tonnage of 0.8 t/a (see above) consumed
for conveyor belt splicing and repair operations at RAG coal mines. Exposure of the general population via the
oral route is insignificant since there are no releases of TRI to water or soil from the assessed use hence any
relevant exposure via the food chain can be safely excluded.
Taking into account the operational conditions under which TRI is used, the RMMs implemented, and the volume
of TRI used, it can be concluded that risks resulting from exposure of man via the environment are minimized and
no additional measures are required.
9.1.2. Worker contributing scenario 1: Hot vulcanization (PROC 10)
9.1.2.1. Conditions of use
The adhesives (termed "heating solution" at the site PH, and "assembly solution" at the site IB) are spread on the
conveyor belt joints to be spliced (steel cords, finger endings) as a thin layer and left to dry for 15 minutes (heating
solution) or 30 min (assembly solution), respectively. After drying, an unvulcanised rubber piece is placed on the
bond if necessary, e.g. for splicing steel cord belts. During drying time, the employees leave the working area
hence exposure is restricted to the short period of applying the adhesive solution by brushing. After drying, the
parts to be joined are assembled and vulcanised in a heating press at 150 °C and 12 bar. However, there is no
potential for exposure to TRI during the joining and heating process since TRI is completely removed from the
treated surfaces during drying. Therefore, the entire hot vulcanisation task and the associated exposure potential
are adequately described by PROC 10. During the whole procedure, no workers are allowed to enter the safety
area closer than 40 m to the operating location (in wind direction). For general safety reasons air streams are
continuously monitored, ensuring that the ventilation rate is on average > 3000 m³/min.
Ventilation underground
The following air streams were measured at each mine:
Table 8: Ventilation in mines
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 11
Ventilation rate [m³/min]
Mine (year) Prosper-Haniel (2013) Auguste Victoria (2014) Ibbenbüren (2013)
1170 3342 3174
2604 3702 3174
684 5376
5982
1782
1254
7716
690
3282
4038
3666
Average 3227
In the case that a splicing activity cannot be conducted on the air supply side, additional venting systems need to
be installed. Air supply is continuously measured and air streams are monitored centrally. Masks (filter type A)
are used at any time during TRI handling. The length of the place where TRI is used the tunnels must not exceed
10 meters.
Method
Product (article) characteristics
• Concentration of substance in mixture: Substance as such
According to the manufacturers of the used adhesive agents contain TRI in a range
between 70 and 90 % hence exposure to the "substance as such" needs to be
assumed in the exposure scenario.
TRA Worker v3
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
• Duration of activity: < 4 hour
Preparing the tail ends of conveyor belts with "heating solution" or "assembly
solution" is limited to a surface area of approximately 1-2 m² and is done within less
than 1 hour.
TRA Worker v3
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
• General ventilation: Enhanced general ventilation (5-10 air changes per hour)
Conveyor belt splicing takes place in coal mines (underground), which are
characterised by forced ventilation. Air change rates in reality are substantially
higher than the maximum ventilation rate provided by ECETOC TRA. Therefore, the
model still represents a worst case.
TRA Worker v3
• Containment: No TRA Worker v3
• Local exhaust ventilation: no [Effectiveness Inhal: 0%] TRA Worker v3
• Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Advanced TRA Worker v3
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
• Dermal Protection: Yes (chemically resistant gloves conforming to EN374 with
basic employee training) [Effectiveness Dermal: 90%]
Protective gloves resistant to TRI (WNR 4043261 or 4043359) are prescribed for
workers performing splicing and repair tasks. Personnel are specifically trained for
this type of work, including adequate use of protective gloves.
TRA Worker v3
• Respiratory Protection: Yes (Respirator with APF of 20) [Effectiveness Inhal:
95%]
TRA Worker v3
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 12
Method
With the default maximum ventilation rate permitted by the ECETOC TRA model the
use of an appropriate filter mask (ABEK, type A) is required.
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
• Place of use: Indoor TRA Worker v3
• Process temperature (for liquid): <= 40 °C TRA Worker v3
• Skin surface potentially exposed: Two hands (960 cm2) TRA Worker v3
9.1.2.2. Exposure and risks for workers
The exposure concentrations and risk characterisation are reported in the following table.
Table 9. Exposure concentrations and risks for workers
Route of exposure
and type of effects
Exposure concentration Factor A to adjust
time of exposure to
8 h
Factor B to adjust
work days (240
days to xy days of
exposure)
Excess risk
Inhalation,
systemic, long-term
2.464 mg/m³ (TRA
Worker v3)
Additional data not used
for risk characterisation:
4.78 mg/m³ (Measured
HH)
1* 4.58E-02**
9.03E-07
Dermal, systemic,
long-term
0.549 mg/kg bw/day (TRA
Worker v3)
1* 4.58E-02**
2.11E-06
Combined routes,
systemic, long-term
3.02E-06
* Calculated concentration for 8 h taking an exposure of 15 minutes as basis (Factor A=8 h/ 8 h) ** Activity takes place maximum 11 days a
year (Factor B = 11 days/240 days)
Remarks on exposure data
Measured HH
Inhalation, systemic, long-term:
Number of measured data points: 5
Prosper-Haniel
The latest exposure measurements for this mining site are from 2005. One from 26–27th March 2005
reported 30.48 mg/m³ (5.64 ppm, i.e. slightly below the break point of ~ 6 ppm for the dose-response
function) of TRI in 25 downstreams (air exchange of 1200 m³/min) when applying 1 kg of HCR-1 and 2 kg
of STL-RF (product not in use anymore) for splicing activity. Personal exposure measurements were also
conducted, but due to the high humidity the detection method failed hence no measurement of TRI was
possible. Only one measurement was done per sampling site.
The plan (topview) of the measurements during the hot vulcanisation is shown in Figure 2.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 13
Figure 2: Plan view of the working unit tape measure in Prosper-Haniel; Source: (Institut für
Gefahrstoff-Forschung der Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2005)
These results are roughly consistent with an older study of Dahmann et al. (1996); they have examined the
relationship between measurements and calculations of exposures underground, as well as the additional
influence of parameters such as mass of adhesive emission, the height above the floor level and the speed of
mine aeration. In this source of the year 1996, in specific constellations even much higher concentrations
have both been measured and calculated. However, the site characteristics of the experimental mine are not
completely comparable with Prosper-Haniel, and Dahmann et al. have measured at points where in the case
of the Ruhrkohle mines workers are not allowed to stay during the emission and therefore cannot be
exposed. We do not regard the results of this study as contradictory to the measurements in Prosper-Haniel.
Also, in general the concordance of exposure scenario values and measured values is confirmed, apart from
some local effects on a small scale due to the higher weight of TRI emissions compared to the air and
therefore the vertical formation of layers.
Another measurement from the 8th of March 2005 was conducted during hot vulcanisation of finger splices
of a textile belt using 400 mL of a TRI product that are no longer in use (reported by AG, 2005). Air supply
was 2040 m³/min. Exposure measurements were conducted for three people during (1) applying the
trichloroethylene-product, (2) applying the TRI-product and heating phase, and (3) heating phase.
Additionally, one stationary measurement was done in 50 m distance downwind. The following
measurement results were obtained based on 7 hours of work per day:
Table 10: Exposure measurement results; source: (Deutsche Steinkohle AG, 2005)
Spot of measurement TRI-concentration in mg/m³ TRI-concentration in ppm
Blind sample < 0.003 < 0.0005
50 m away from activity in
downwind side
0.004 0.0007
Worker 1, applying TRI-product 0.4 0.073
Worker 2, applying TRI-product
plus heating phase
0.82 0.150
Worker 3, heating phase 0.82 0.150
As demonstrated by Table 10, the highest personal exposure concentrations were 0.82 mg/m³ (= 0.15 ppm).
This is considerably lower than the previously described measurements at the same site.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 14
RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren
In RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren, a measurement trial was undertaken on 30th of October 2010 for the
conveyor belt assembly, i.e. the connecting of conveyer belts underground. This was documented by
Continental, the producer of ContiTech conveyor belt systems (Continental Aktiengesellschaft, 2011).
3 kg of the assembly solution V was used - nowadays, the maximum usage mass is 2.5 kg. The respective air
ventilation was 0.85 m/s which is equal to 918 m³/s.
Since the respective activities are only executed for a maximum of two hours per shift, the measured values
have been converted to the shift average (8 hours), i.e. divided by the factor of 4.
Table 11: Exposure measurement results; source: (Continental Aktiengesellschaft, 2011)
Spot of measurement TRI-concentration
measured [mg/m³]
TRI-concentration, shift
mean [mg/m³]
TRI-concentration,
shift mean [ppm]
(1) Coating of belts 95.50 23.88 4.42
(2) Coating of belts 73.60 18.40 3.41
(3) 40 meters distance,
stationary in a height of
160 cm
< 4.89 *) < 4.89 *) < 0.91 *)
(4) Behind the fresh pit
air, stationary in a height
of 160 cm
< 4.89 *) < 4.89 *) < 0.91 *)
(5) 20 meters distance,
stationary in a height of
160 cm
< 4.89 *) < 4.89 *) < 0.91 *)
*) below detection limit
The reported values are much higher than at Prosper-Haniel, see above. Reasons for that are the rather low
ventilation (far below the average ventilation, see Table 8) and the higher usage mass. Moreover, the values
from RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren for the coating of belts are in the same order of magnitude as those
measured on 26-27th of March 2005; the values for coating need to be corrected for the protective effect of
RPE (filter masks as described above, protection factor 95 % in accordance with defaults specified in the
ECHA guidance). Accordingly, the maximum corrected inhalation exposure (derived from coating of belts
1) is 4.78 mg/m³. Therefore, none of the measured values exceeds the break point of 6 ppm where the
dose-response function changes its slope.
Conclusion on risk characterisation
For any activities requiring the handling of products containing TRI the use of the following personal protective
equipment (PPE) is mandatory:
- Masks, ABEK, type A or äquivalent
- Protective gloves resistant to TRI (WNR 4043261 or 4043359) or äquivalent
- Goggles
Use of PPE ensures a level of protection sufficient for adequately controlling the skin and eye irritation hazards,
and skin sensitisation hazards, of TRI.
RAG is constantly decreasing its activities due to the closure of all mines in 2020. New belts are no longer
manufactured hence splicing is only done when a belt ruptures. No more recent exposure measurements are
available for the following reasons: Splicing and repair activities are impossible to plan since e.g. a rupture of a
belt cannot be foreseen. When this nevertheless happens, it has to be immediately fixed onsite in underground
using TRI-products. To perform TRI exposure measurements, an external company has to be hired and needs to be
informed in advance. Against the background that production is stopped until a belt is repaired, duration of repair
activities has to be limited as far as possible and for organization of exposure monitoring more time than for repair
itself is needed. This is why planned TRI-exposure measurements were not possible in recent years.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 15
However, as the number of samples analysed during the monitoring activities in 2005 and 2010 (n = 5, related to
the assessed activities) is not sufficient to comply with the requirements laid down in the ECHA guidance on
information requirements and chemical safety assessment the exposure estimation cannot be based on monitoring
data. Performance of new monitoring measurements was not possible for the reasons described above. Modelled
exposure levels will therefore be used for the risk evaluation, and monitoring results are used for confirmatory
purposes only.
Taking into account the the implemented RMMs, the very low duration of exposure of workers handling TRI
containing mixtures and the low amount of substance used per activity, it can be concluded that the risk for
workers is minimised as far as reasonably possible and further RMMs are not necessary.
9.1.3. Worker contributing scenario 2: Cold bonding (PROC 10)
9.1.3.1. Conditions of use
Repair of damaged belts is done by "cold bonding", which is rather an adhesive bonding instead of true
vulcanisation. The process is described as follows: The damaged sectors of the belts are pre-cleaned with a broom
before being brushed and roughened using an angle grinder. TRI containing glue (TIP TOP Cement SC 2000) plus
hardener (TRI-free) is spread with a brush on the roughened area and left to dry for 30 minutes. This procedure is
repeated once. Afterwards, the glue is spread onto both a rubber patch and again on the roughened part of the belt.
The patch is pressed on the belt using a tape roller, followed by 15 minutes drying, resulting in complete removal
of TRI from the material. The repaired part is polished using an angle grinder, to obtain a smooth surface (no
potential for exposure to TRI).
Method
Product (article) characteristics
• Concentration of substance in mixture: Substance as such
According to the manufacturer of the used adhesive agent (TIP TOP Cement SC
2000) contains TRI at approximately 90 % hence exposure to the "substance as
such" needs to be assumed in the exposure scenario.
TRA Worker v3
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
• Duration of activity: < 4 hours
The repeated preparation of the damaged sectors of conveyor belts and repair
patches as described above takes at maximum three hours (including drying times).
Therefore, according to ECETOC TRA categories an exposure period of "< 4 h" can
be adopted.
TRA Worker v3
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
• General ventilation: Enhanced general ventilation (5-10 air changes per hour)
Conveyor belt repair takes place in coal mines (predominantly underground), which
are characterised by forced ventilation. Air change rates in reality are substantially
higher than the maximum ventilation rate provided by ECETOC TRA. Therefore, the
model still represents a worst case.
TRA Worker v3
• Containment: No TRA Worker v3
• Local exhaust ventilation: no [Effectiveness Inhal: 0%] TRA Worker v3
• Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Basic TRA Worker v3
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
• Dermal Protection: Yes (chemically resistant gloves conforming to EN374 with
basic employee training) [Effectiveness Dermal: 90%]
Protective gloves resistant to TRI (WNR 4043261 or 4043359) are prescribed for
workers performing splicing and repair tasks. Personnel are specifically trained for
this type of work, including adequate use of protective gloves.
TRA Worker v3
• Respiratory Protection: Yes (Respirator with APF of 20) [Effectiveness Inhal:
95%]
With the default maximum ventilation rate permitted by the ECETOC TRA model the
use of an appropriate filter mask (ABEK, type A) is required.
TRA Worker v3
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 16
Method
• Place of use: Indoor TRA Worker v3
• Process temperature (for liquid): <= 40 °C TRA Worker v3
• Skin surface potentially exposed: Two hands (960 cm2) TRA Worker v3
9.1.3.2. Exposure and risks for workers
The exposure concentrations and excess risks are reported in the following table. The worker exposure estimates
for the activities associated with this use of TRI have been assessed using ECETOC TRA v3.The ECETOC TRA
v3 estimates shown are representative for an activity duration of 4 h. Direct exposure of workers is limited to the
use of glue and hardener (3 times approximately 10 minutes) as during the drying (2 times 30 minutes and one
time 15 minutes) the workers leave the working area and other workers are not allowed to work in areas in wind
direction during the whole process. As a worst-case, 4 hours of exposure have nevertheless been assumed.
Table 12. Exposure concentrations and risks for workers
Route of exposure
and type of effects
Exposure concentration Factor A to adjust
time of exposure to
8 h
Factor B to adjust
work days (240
days to xy days of
exposure)
Excess risk
Inhalation,
systemic, long-term 4.927 mg/m³ (TRA
Worker v3)
1* 1** 5.91E-05
Dermal, systemic,
long-term
1.646 mg/kg bw/day (TRA
Worker v3)
1* 1** 1.38E-04
Combined routes,
systemic, long-term
1.97E-04
* Calculated concentration for 8 h taking an exposure of 15 minutes as basis (Factor A=8 h/ 8 h) ** Activity takes place maximum every day
(Factor B = 1)
Conclusion on risk characterisation
For any activities requiring the handling of products containing TRI the use of the following personal protective
equipment (PPE) is mandatory:
- Masks, ABEK, type A or äquivalent
- Protective gloves resistant to TRI (WNR 4043261 or 4043359) or äquivalent
- Goggles
Use of PPE ensures a level of protection sufficient for adequately controlling the skin and eye irritation hazards,
and skin sensitisation hazards, of TRI.
Taking into account the the implemented RMMs, the very low duration of exposure of workers handling TRI
containing mixtures and the low amount of substance used per activity, it can be concluded that the risk for
workers is minimised as far as reasonably possible and further RMMs are not necessary.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 17
10. RISK CHARACTERISATION RELATED TO
COMBINED EXPOSURE
10.1. Human health
10.1.1. Workers
Not relevant as activities described in sub scenarios are not performed in parallel at the same workplace.
Simultaneous exposure of humans can be excluded.
10.1.2. Consumer
Not relevant as no consumer uses are covered by this application.
10.2. Environment (combined for all emission sources)
10.2.1. All uses (regional scale)
10.2.1.1. Total releases
The total releases to the environment from all the exposure scenarios covered are presented in the table below.
This is the sum of the releases to the environments from all exposure scenarios addressed.
Table 13. Total releases to the environment per year from all life cycle stages:
Release route Total releases per year
Water 0 kg/year
Air 1.37E3 kg/year
Soil 68.5 kg/year
10.2.1.2. Regional exposure
Environment
The regional predicted environmental concentration (PEC regional) and the related risk characterisation ratios
when a PNEC is available are presented in the table below.
The PEC regional have been estimated with EUSES.
Table 14. Predicted regional exposure concentrations (Regional PEC)
Protection target Regional PEC RCR
Freshwater 6.148E-9 mg/L Not needed
Sediment (freshwater) 1.126E-7 mg/kg dw Not needed
Marine water 5.381E-10 mg/L Not needed
Sediment (marine water) 9.399E-9 mg/kg dw Not needed
Air 6.78E-8 mg/m³ Not needed
Agricultural soil 8.829E-10 mg/kg dw Not needed
Man via environment
The exposure to man via the environment from regional exposure and the related risk characterisation ratios are
presented in the table below. The exposure concentration via inhalation is equal to the PEC air.
Table 15. Regional exposure to man via the environment
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 18
Route Regional exposure Excess risk
Inhalation 6.78E-8 mg/m³ Excess risk = 4.34E-12
Oral 2.866E-10 mg/kg bw/day Excess risk = 1.24E-13
Combined routes Excess risk = 4.46E-12
Conclusion on risk characterisation
The risk management measures in place at RAG AG are considered to represent state of the art technology.
Therefore, the excess risk related to exposure of humans to the environment is regarded to be minimised to the
greatest possible extent.
For the risk characterisation itself the reader is referred to the socio-economic analysis (SEA) where health
impacts are monetized.
10.2.2. Local exposure due to all wide dispersive uses
Not relevant as there are not several wide dispersive uses covered in this CSR.
10.2.3. Local exposure due to combined uses at a site
Not relevant as exactly one use at one site is described in this CSR.
EC number:
201-167-4
Trichloroethylene CAS number:
79-01-6
CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 19
REFERENCES Sections 9 – 10
(AGS), C. o. H. S., 2013. Exposure-risk relationship for trichloroethylene in BekGS 910. [Online], available at:
http://www.baua.de/en/Topics-from-A-to-Z/Hazardous-Substances/TRGS/pdf/910/910-trichloroethylene.pdf?__
blob=publicationFile&v=2 [Accessed 18 September 2013].
AG, D. S., 2005. Bericht - Nr. 45/05 über eine Arbeitsbereichsanalyse in Anlehnung an TRGS 402, Bergwerk
Prosper-Haniel: s.n.
Aktiengesellschaft, C., 2011. Gefahrstoffmessungen (Trichlorethylen) am 30.10.2010, ContiTech
Transportbandsysteme GmbH, Kst. 30211, Hannover: s.n.
Dahmann, D. et al., 1996. Rechnerische Ermittlung von Gefahrstoffkonzentrationen in untertägigen
Arbeitsbereichen. Gefahrstoffe - Reinhaltung der Luft.
Deutsche Steinkohle AG, 2005. Bericht Nr. 45/05 über eine Arebitsbereichsanalyse in Anlehnung an TRGS 402.
Betrieb: Bergwerk Prosper-Haniel, s.l.: Deutsche Steinkohle AG.
ECHA, 2014. Application for Authorisation: Establishing a reference dose response relationship for
carcinogenicity oftrichloroethylene., Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency.
ECHA, n.d. ECHA Guidance: Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment.
[Online], available at:
http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/guidance-documents/guidance-on-information-requirements-and-chemical-safet
y-assessment [Accessed 27th May 2014].
Institut für Gefahrstoff-Forschung der Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2005.
Bericht über die Durchführung von Gefahrstoffmessungen (Trichlorethylen und N-Nitrosamine) beim
untertägigen Heißvulkanisieren am 26. und 27.03.2005 auf dem Bergwerk Prosper-Haniel der DSK Deutsche
Steinkohle AG in Bottrop, Bochum: s.n.