Chemical Feed & Disinfection
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Transcript of Chemical Feed & Disinfection
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Page 1 Strantrol_2008.ppt Water TechnologiesProtection notice / Copyright notice
Siemens Water Technologies
Strantrol®Control SystemsChemical Feed & Disinfection – Municipal
For internal use only / Copyright © Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved.
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Page 2 Strantrol_2008.ppt Water TechnologiesProtection notice / Copyright notice
Today, disinfection and dechlorination in water can beprecisely controlled by High Resolution Redox® (HRR)a result of Siemens’ research.
In applications worldwide, HRR®
sensing is used to control the addition of chlorine, bromine, ozone, sulfur dioxide, sodium metabisulfite and sodium bisulfite.
Overview of Contents
Contents§ Introduction 3§ Technical Overview 5§ Product Portfolio 26§ Municipal Applications 34§ Implementation 38§ Service Capabilities 50§ References 53
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Siemens – Innovation to Change
From the invention of the dynamo – to the world's most efficient gas turbines
Healthcare
Industry
Energy
From the first electronic controls – to fully automated factories
From the first views inside the body – to full-body 3D scans
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Siemens Water Technologies
CF&D Global Headquarters – Vineland, New Jersey
Chemical Feed & Disinfection (CF&D) Group
§ Comprised of Wallace & Tiernan® and Stranco® products
§ In 2006, acquired ALTIVIA chlorine dioxide and Sunlight UV
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Successful Disinfection:
Sufficient Quantity = Residual
+
Sufficient Time = Contact Time
A FEW ADDITIONAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER ABOUT DISINFECTION:
§ What is Required for Compliance?§ ORP vs. PPM§ Basic Process Chemistry§ Work Value Relationship of Your
Oxidant§ Benefits of the DOCS Hybrid Control
Technology
Strantrol®
Control Systems
Technical Overview
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Technical Overview
Residual Control
§ All the measurements for residual only give the quantitative picture.
§ Typically measure chlorine residual in ppm.
EPA Observations“Chick’s Law does not accurately predict coliform numbers as a function of dose in the real-world, continuous flow systems….The observation has frequently been made that inactivation of organisms in batch experiments, even when the disinfectant is kept constant, does not follow the exponential decay pattern predicted”
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00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ORPORP Free ResidualFree Residual
Technical Overview
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fecal coliform
time time
chlo
rine
resi
dual
fecal coliform
chlo
rine
resi
dual
Technical Overview
Disinfection Performance
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Time ( 4 hours )
Free
Cl 2
( 0 -
3 pp
m )
+
++
+
+ +
+
+
+
++
+ +
+
+
+
+
Technical Overview
50% Correlation to kill
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Time
OR
P ( 2
00 -
800
mV
)
+
++
+
+
++ +
+ + ++ +
Technical Overview
97% Correlation to kill
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ClCl22 + H2O HCl + HOCl(Strong Acid + Weak Acid)
HOCl H+ + OCl-(Weak Acid Dissociates)
NaOClNaOCl + H2O NaOH + HOCl(Strong Base + Weak Acid)
HOCl H+ + OCl-(Weak Acid Dissociates)
Technical Overview
Basic Chlorine Chemistry
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Typical pH Values
Free Residual measurement remains constant
6.5 7.0 7.5
92% 78% 50%
HOCl OCl-
Technical Overview
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Typical pH Values
ORP Value Decreases
6.5 7.0 7.5
92% 78% 50%
HOCl OCl-
Technical Overview
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Work Value of Chlorine Species
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
HOCl
Dichloramine
MonochloramineMonochloramine
TrichloramineTrichloramine
OClOCl
OrganochloramineOrganochloramine
Technical Overview
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Wastewater Chlorination Chemistry
Inorganic Nitrogen
§ Ammonia
§ Nitrites
§ Nitrates
Organic Nitrogen
§ Amino Acids
§ Proteins
Technical Overview
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Technical Overview
Relationship Between Ammonia and Free Chlorine Residual
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Technical Overview
Chloramines Exhibit Lower ORP Values
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Wastewater Chlorination Chemistry§ Oxygen
§ Alkalinity Cause
§ Temperature Nitrification/Denitrification
§ pH Episodes
§ Time
§ Loading
Nitrification:Oxidation of ammonium ion or ammonia to nitrite or nitrate ion. How ammonia affects the water chemistry and the disinfection process
Technical Overview
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Technical Overview
Sensor Reads Both Sides of Zero
§ Overfeed looks at sulfite residual
§ Notice what’s going on near 0 mg/L
All the measurements for ORP givethe qualitative picture; i.e. therelative strength of disinfectant forbug kill.
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Breakpoint Chlorination
Cl2 to NH3-N Ratio
7.65
NH3-N Conc.
Total ChlorineApplied
MeasuredChlorineResidual A
mm
onia
-N C
onc.
ppm
Chl
orin
e C
onc.
ppm
Breakpoint
Hump
Technical Overview
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Technical Overview
Oxidative Disinfection
§ All oxidative disinfection can be measured and controlled by itsOxidation Reduction Potential.
§ Track & maintain the effectiveness of the disinfection program to ensure desired results.
§ Track & maintain the dechlorination process to maintain tight discharge limits.
Hypochlorite, gas chlorine, chlorine dioxide & ozone.
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Typical Installation – Strantrol® 960
Implementing Strantrol®
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Strantrol® 960 Design Philosophy
§ A new level of process and disinfection control§ Smooth transition through process changes§ Integrated software and control functions§ New Slo-logic § Window to upstream processes
Combine quantitative value of residual (PPM) with qualitative value of ORP (HRR)
Technical Overview
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Strantrol® 960 Design Philosophy§ Any parameter change requires an offsetting change of another
parameter § Integrated software to evaluate and make required changes
based on actual conditions
Sufficient Quantity = Residual+
Sufficient Quality = ORP+
Sufficient Time = Contact Time
Technical Overview
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Page 25 Strantrol_2008.ppt Water TechnologiesProtection notice / Copyright notice
Strantrol® 960 Control Capabilities
ORP
Residual
Fixed RateOutput
Flow Pace
Technical Overview
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Strantrol® Controllers
§ High Resolution Redox® (HRR)§ Submersible Sensors§ Strantrol 880§ Strantrol 890§ Strantrol 960 (DOCS®)§ Strantrol FVC
Portfolio
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High Resolution Redox® (HRR)
§ High purity platinum tip§ Porous Teflon® liquid junction§ Fouling resistant electrolyte gel§ Measures oxidant/reductant activity§ Precise disinfection control
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Strantrol® Submersible Sensors
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Strantrol® 880 Transmitter
§ Signal transmitter§ Stand-alone monitor§ RS-232 / RS-485 communication§ ORP or pH input§ 4-20 mA output
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Strantrol® 890 Controller
§ Single channel controller§ ORP or pH§ 5 control modes§ 4 line / 20 character display§ Data logging§ Optional modem§ Open channel or closed loop
applications