Check Your Grammar

Region II Job CorpsCheck Your Grammar!

Susan K. PittmanBonnie Vondracek

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ObjectivesObjectives

1. To identify the eight basic parts of speech and provide examples

2. To apply strategies in the classroom dealing with the eight parts of speech

3. To develop correct sentence structure with your students

Check Your Grammar!Check Your Grammar!

Eight Parts of SpeechEight Parts of Speech

NounsPronouns

Adjectives Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions

Verbs

Interjections

Word that namesWord that names

• A Person

• An Idea

• A Thing

• A Place

Kinds of NounsKinds of Nouns

Common Nouns boy girl

Proper Nouns John Mary

Singular Nouns boy girl

Plural Nouns boys girls

Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s

Plural Possessive boys’ girls’

A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a

statement

ActionLinking

“be” verbstastefeel

soundlook

appearbecome

seemgrow

remainstay

Subject

Kinds of VerbsKinds of Verbs

• Action verbs express mental or physical action.

He rode the horse to victory.

• Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.

He has been sick.

.You can’t have a sentence without a verb, but you can have a sentence without a noun!

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Personal Pronouns

I, me, mine

you, your, yours

she, her, hers,

it, its

we,us, our, ours

they, them, their,

theirs

myself

yourself

Indefinite Pronounsanybody

eacheithernone

someone, one, etc. Interrogative Pronounswhowhomwhat

whichwhose

Demonstrative Pronounsthisthat

thesethose

Parts of Speech: PronounsParts of Speech: Pronouns

• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Almost anything a noun can do, a pronoun can do, too. Pronouns are handy little words because when you use them, you don’t have to keep repeating nouns all the time.

• Possessive pronouns take place of possessive nouns (nouns that show ownership). Examples: my, your, its, our, hers, theirs.

• Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.– Did you lose your address book?– Is that a wool sweater?– Just give me five minutes.

• Answers these questions:– Which?– What kind?– How many?

• Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

• Answers the questions:– How? (He ran quickly.)– When? (She left yesterday.) – Where? (We went there.)– To what degree or how much? (It was too hot.)

Interrogative adverbs introduce questions – how, when, where, how often.

How did you break your leg? When is the plane leaving?

A Walk with GoldieBuild a Sentence

• Goldilocks is walking.• Goldilocks is walking quickly.• Goldilocks is walking quickly today.• Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today .• Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere

today.

A preposition introduces a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object.

They received a postcard from Bobby telling

about his trip to Canada.

Four Important Things About Four Important Things About PrepositionsPrepositions

A prepositions tells:

1. Where something is (location)2. Where something is going (direction)3. When something happens (time)4. The relationship between a noun or a

pronoun and another word in a sentence

Some Common PrepositionsSome Common Prepositionsaboard behind from throughoutabout below in toabove beneath into towardacross beside like underafter between of underneathagainst beyond off untilalong by on upamong Down over uponaround during past withat except since withinbefore for through without

Remember, the preposition never stands alone!

Back to Goldie

• Goldilocks is walking.• Goldilocks is walking quickly.• Goldilocks is walking quickly today.• Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere

today.• Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere

today in the woods.

and or

either/or neither/norbut

A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.

Goldie Continues • Goldilocks is walking.• Goldilocks is walking quickly.• Goldilocks is walking quickly today.• Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere

today • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere

today.• Goldilocks is walking very quickly

everywhere today in the woods.• Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere

today in the woods, but it is getting dark.

• An interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses feelings or emotions such as excitement, happiness, horror, shock, sadness, pain, anger, and disgust. They add punch or energy to one’s writing, but don’t use them too much. When you overdo interjections, they lose their power.

Wow! Look at that sunset!

Goodness! She is such a beautiful baby.

Goldie Revived

• Goldilocks is walking.• Goldilocks is walking quickly.• Goldilocks is walking quickly today.• Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today.• Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in

the woods.• Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in

the woods, but it is getting dark.• Goldilocks is walking very quietly everywhere today in

the woods, but it is getting dark. Yikes!


Parts of Speech Activity

Types of SentencesTypes of Sentences

• Declarative Sentences (statements)– There will be a grammar test next class.

• Interrogative Sentence (questions)– Are you ready for the grammar test?

• Imperative Sentence (requests and commands)

– Don’t forget to review your notes and course pack.

• Exclamatory Sentence (exclamations)– Study!

KABOOM!

Why Do I Need to Know That?Why Do I Need to Know That?

Sentence PatternsAn Introduction to Effective Sentence

Writing

The Five Basic PatternsThe Five Basic Patterns

S + VS + V + SCS + V + DOS + V + IO + DOS + V + DO + OC


S + V – The simplest of the sentence patterns has a subject and verb without a direct object or subject compliment. Prepositional phrases can be included.Examples:I swim. Joe swims. They swam.The development of wind power practically ceased until the early 1970s.


S + V + SC – This pattern generally uses the linking verb - any form of the to be verb without an action verb.Examples:I am busy. Joe became a doctor. They look sickThe chain reaction is the basis of nuclear power.


S + V + DO – Another common sentence pattern uses the direct object.Examples:I drive a car. Joe plays a guitar. They ate dinner.Silicon conducts electricity in an unusual way.


S + V + IO + DO – This pattern is similar to the previous one, but there is a person or thing that receives the action.Examples:I gave her a gift. He teaches us English.We are sending you the balance of the payment in this letter.


S + V + DO + OC – This pattern is not as common, but is worth knowing as it provides variety through the use of a “to be” complementExamples:We elected him president. [We elected him (to be) president.]The committee declared the new design a breakthrough in energy efficiency.


You Try It!


Sentence Expansion – Another way of teaching sentence writing.

Example: Expand “There’s a frog on the log” by adding modifiers (Use the 5 Ws plus one – who, what, when, where, why, and how to create a more effective sentence.)• Sentence: There’s a frog on a log. (Who)• What kind? Small, green• How? Sitting• Where? in the middle of the bog• Why? Due to the heavy, heavy fog

Expanded sentence becomes:There’s a small, green frog who is sitting on a log in the middle of the bog due to the heavy, heavy fog.

Nature One Liners Nature One Liners A Sentence Writing ActivityA Sentence Writing Activity

• Select a Sentence Pattern and write a sentence describing the following pictures.

• We will view the photographs again and select a couple of one liners to represent each photograph.

The 19 Rules for Good RitingThe 19 Rules for Good Riting

• Each pronoun agrees with their antecedent. • Just between you and I, case is important. • Verbs has to agree with their subject. • Watch out for irregular verbs which has cropped up

into our language. • Don't use no double negatives. • A writer mustn't shift your point of view. • When dangling, don't use participles. • Join clauses good like a conjunction should. • And don't use conjunctions to start sentences. • Don't use a run-on sentence you got to punctuate it. • About sentence fragments.

The 19 Rules for Good RitingThe 19 Rules for Good Riting

• In letters themes reports articles and stuff like that we use commas to keep strings apart.

• Don't use commas, which aren't necessary. • Its important to use apostrophe's right. • Don't abbrev. • Check to see if you any words out. • In my opinion I think that the author when he is

writing should not get into the habit of making use of too many unnecessary words which he does not really need.

• Then, of course, there's that old one: Never use a preposition to end a sentence with.

• Last but not least, avoid cliches like the plague.

Presented byPresented by

• E-Learning Connections, Inc.E-Learning Connections, Inc.

• Susan K. PittmanSusan K. Pittman• [email protected]@aol.com

• Bonnie VondracekBonnie Vondracek• [email protected]@aol.com

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