Charcoal production and utilization in Thailand · 2016-11-23 · Coconut shell . Charcoal...
Transcript of Charcoal production and utilization in Thailand · 2016-11-23 · Coconut shell . Charcoal...
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Charcoal production and utilization in Thailand
Maliwan Haruthaithanasan, Ph.D. KAPI-KU, Thailand
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Potential for Charcoal production
Total Area 51,311,502 ha
Agricultural Land 27,020,521 ha (52.7 %)
Eucalypt Planting Area 720,000 ha
(Land Development Department, 2011)
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Raw Material for Charcoal production
Fuel Wood (Eucalypt, Acacia, Leucaena, Mangrove, Longan, Tamarind) Rice Husk Corn Cob Coconut shell
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Charcoal production in Thailand
Types of Charcoal Kiln
Ground Pit or Heap Kiln
Mud Kiln
Oil Drum Kiln
Brick Kiln
Iwate or Thai-Iwate Kiln
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Ground Pit , Heap Kiln
% yield = 15-18% production period = 1-2 days lifetime = >3 years Wood vinegar = yes
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Mud Kiln
% yield = 20-25% production period = 5-7 days lifetime = >3 years Wood vinegar = yes
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Oil Drum Kiln
% yield = 15-20% production period = 1 days lifetime = 2-3 years Wood vinegar = yes
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Brick Kiln
% yield = 20-25% production period = 7 days lifetime = >3 years Wood vinegar = yes
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Iwate or Thai-Iwate Kiln
% yield = 10-20% production period = 7 days lifetime = >5 years Wood vinegar = yes
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Iwate or Thai-Iwate Kiln
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Utilization of Charcoal
Fuel Household Products Agricultural uses
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Iwate or Thai-Iwate Kiln
Compounds Organic acids formic acid; acetic acid; propinoic acid; butyric acid; isobutyric acid; valeric acid;
isovaleric acid; crotonic acid; isocapronic acid; tiglic acid; enanthic acid; levulinic acid, etc.
Carbonyl compounds formaldehyde; acetaldehyde; propionaldehyde; isobutylaldehyde; butylaldehyde; valeraldehyde; isovaleraldehyde; glyoxal; acrolein; crotonaldehyde; furan; pyran; furfural; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; acetone
Alcohols methanol; ethanol; propanol; isopropanol; allylalcohol; isobutylalcohol; isoamyl alcohol, etc.
Phenolic compounds phenol; o-cresol; m-cresol; p-cresol; 2,4-xylenol; 3,5-xylenol; 4-propylphenol; trimethylphenols; pyrocatechol; 4-methylcatechol; guaiacol; 4-methylguaiaco; 4-ethylguaiacol; 4-propylguaiacol; syringol; 4-methylsyringol; 4-ethylsyringol; 4-propylsyringol; 4-acetosyringol; 4-(2-propio)-syringol; 4-(1-propio)-syringol; cis& trans-4-(1-propenyl)-syringol; 4-(2-propenyl)-syringol; syringaldehyde; vanillin. etc.
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Utilization of Wood Vinegar
Household products Products for health and beauty Agricultural uses
• accelerates plant growth • acts as pest repellent • promotes healthy and balanced plant growth • improves sweetness of fruits • increases shelf life of fruits and vegetables • controls growth of harmful fungi and bacteria
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Biochar Experiment
Normally use: Biochar and organic fertilizer in rate 50:50, mix well then apply into farms
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Biochar Experiment
Publication under Master Thesis of Ms.Siriluck Sirising (2010)
% organic fertilizer : biochar 0:0 100:0 75:25 50:50 25:75 0:100
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Biochar Experiment
% organic fertilizer : biochar days
Total fresh weight within 51 days (kg)
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Conclusion Charcoal production is very famous in rural area of Thailand, it provides more income for farmer, however an efficiency of the production method need to be enhanced. Value added by development of charcoal and wood vinegar products need to be extend. There is potential to use and promote biochar for agricultural land in Thailand. More studies and information including demonstration plots are needed to explain the benefit of biochar in Thailand and can be extended to the neighboring countries.
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THANK YOU