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Fiber Bragg Grating

Submitted byAasif Bashir Dar14mmc005

Under the supervision of Rakesh Jha Neeraj Tripathi

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OUTLINE

Problem statement Objective Motivation Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Applications of FBG Dispersion compensation using FBG Literature survey Summary Refrences

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Problem Statement

To characterise the Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) for the dispersion compensation in optical communication sytem

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OBJECTIVES

To check effect on dispersion compensation using FBG for different type of ;

Chirping Apodization profiles Modulation scheme Mapping techniques

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MotivationDipersion

compensation fiber (DCF)

1. Dispersion slope mismatch with G.652 and G.655 fibers resulting residual dispersion

2. Very expensive3. Bulky nature4. Small Mode Fiield

Diameter (MFD) resulting non-linearity

Fiber bragg gratting

(FBG)

1. Low insertion loss2. Economical3. Compact and easy to

handle

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Fiber Bragg Grating Fiber grating is made by periodically changing the

refractive index in the glass core of the fiber. The wavelength at which signal will be reflected coherently (as shown in figure below ) is called bragg’s wavelength given by;

Stephen J. Mihailov , “Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Harsh Environments “Sensors,vol. 12,no.2,pp 1898-1918,2012

r = 2neff

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Applications of FBG

DWDM and OADM EDFA Pump laser stabilizer Optical amplifier gain flattening filter Laser diode wavelength lock filter Tunable filter Sensor dispersion compensation …………………..

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Dispersion compensationIn optical fiber communication, we have;1. Positive dispersion2. Negative dispersion Longer wavelength Slow (Fast) Shorter wavelength fast(slow) As the pulse travels down a fiber ,dispersion causes pulse

spreading resulting ISI Dispersion compensation is done by chirped fiber bragg grating

as shown in figure

Raman Kashyap, “Fiber Bragg Gratings”,a volume in optics and photonics, Academic Press, San Diego, 1999

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surveyS.no Title authors journel year

1 Analysis of fiber Bragg grating with exponential-linear and parabolic taper profiles for dispersion slope compensation in optical fiber links

A.Hessainia, S. El-Akrmi, H. Triki, A. El-akrmi, 

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 125, issue 17, pp. 4642-4645

2014

2 A novel method of optimal apodization selection for chirped fiber Bragg gratings

Hao Zhang Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron OpticsVolume 125, Issue 5, Pages 1646–1649

2014

3 Advances in optical fiber bragg grating sensor technologies

A. Ping ZhangShaorui GaoGuofeng YanYinbing Bai

Photonic Sensors, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp 1-13

2012

4 Investigation of long period grating as refractive index sensor

Nidhi R.S. Kaler, Umesh Tiwari Vandana Mishra Nahar Singh Pawan Kapur

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron OpticsVolume 123, Issue 12, June 2012, Pages 1071–1073

2012

5 Pre-, Post and Hybrid Dispersion Mapping Techniques for CSRZ Optical Networks with Nonlinearities

Rajneesh RandhawaJ.S. SohalR.S. Kaler

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron OpticsVolume 121, Issue 14, August 2010, Pages 1274–1279

2010

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Survey (cont…..)S.no Title authors journel year

6 Comparison of various dispersion compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ format

Yogesh ChabaR.S. Kaler

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron OpticsVolume 121, Issue 9, May 2010, Pages 813–817

2010

7 Dispersion compensation of fiber Bragg gratings in 3100 km high speed optical fiber transmission system

Li Pei  Tigang Ning Fengping Yan Xiaowei Dong Zhongwei Tan Yan Liu Shuisheng Jian

Frontiers of Optoelectronics in ChinaJune 2009, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp 163-169

2009

8 Transmission system over 3000 km with dispersion compensated by chirped fiber Bragg gratings

Zhongwei Tan , Yanhua Wang, Wenhua Ren, Yan Liu, Bin Li, Tigang Ning,Shuisheng Jian

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron OpticsVolume 120, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 9–13

2009

9 Security system for optical communication signals with fiber Bragg gratings

P.Torres,L.C.GValente,  M.C.R.Carvalho,

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Volume:50 ,  Issue: 1,jan 2002

2002

10 Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview

Keneth O.HillGerald Meltz

Journal of lightwave technology,VOL.15,NO. 8,AUG 1997 1997

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Yogesh Chaba, R.S.Kaler, “Comparison of various dispersion compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ

format.” Optik 121 (2010) 813–817

Diferent compensation techniques are compared on the basis of eye opening, eye closure, bit error rate and Q-factor applied to CSRZ system, at bit rates of 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20Gbps bit rates.

These techniques include;1. Dispersion compensation fiber(DCF)2. Fiber bragg grating(FBG)3. Nagative dipersion fiber (NDF)4. Reverse dispersion fiber (RDF)5. Optical phase conjugation(OPC)

The technique using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for dispersion compensation is relatvively better followed by RDF and DCF

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Rajneesh Randhawa, , J.S.Sohal, R.S.Kaler, “Pre-, Post and Hybrid Dispersion Mapping Techniques for CSRZ Optical

Networks with Nonlinearities .” Optik 121 (2010) 1274–1279

different dispersion mapping techniques like pre-compensation, post-compensation or hybrid- compensation are compared in the presence of fiber nonlinearities in 10 and 40 Gbps carrier-suppressed return to zero (CSRZ) systems

It is observed that the hybrid-compensation is the best in dispersion mapping technique.

By using the symmetrical mapping the repeater length is increased almost upto double than that of pre- and post- mapping.

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Zhongwei Tan, Yanhua Wang, Wenhua Ren, Yan Liu, Bin Li, Tigang Ning,Shuisheng Jian, “Transmission system over 3000km with dispersion compensated by chirped fiber Bragg gratings.” Optik 120 (2009)

9–13 The bit error rate (BER) of the system is below 10-9 for as long as 2000

km. The BER is about 10-7 at 3000km and, when forward error correction

(FEC) is added, zero BER can be achieved. the longest transmission system with dispersion compensation by

chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Sysmetrical compensation technique is used .

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Hao Zhanga, “A novel method of optimal apodization selection for chirped fiber Bragg gratings.” Optik 125 (2014)

1646– 1649

novel apodization selection method capable of choosing the optimal apodizationbased on the relationship between the bandwidth change and variation in average group delay ripple(GDR).

The results show that the performances of the cosine, tanh and Cauchy profiles are better than those of the Gauss and Hamming profiles.

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Li PEI , Tigang NING, Fengping YAN, Xiaowei DONG, Zhongwei TAN, Yan LIU, Shuisheng JIAN, “Dispersion compensation of fiber Bragg gratings in 3100 km

high speed optical fiber transmission system.”frontier of optoelectronics in china 2009,2(2):163_169

13*10 Gbit/s 3100 km ultra longG.652 fiber transmission system is successfully implemented without electric regenerator.

The bit error rate(BER) of the system is below 10–4 without forward error correction (FEC); when FEC is added, the BER is below 10–12.

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Summary

Based on literature survey ,we have decided to characterise the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for dispersion compensation in optical fiber communication.

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references[1] K. O. Hill and G. Meltz, “Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview,” Journal of

Lightwave Technology, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1263–1276,1997.[2] P.Torres,L.C.Gvalent eand M.C.R.Carvalho, , “Security system for optical communication signals with

fiber Bragg gratings.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Vol.50 ,  Issue: 1,j2002[3] A. Ping Zhang, Shaorui Gao, Guofeng Yan,” Advances in optical fiber Bragg grating sensor technologies”

Photonic Sensors,, Volume 2, Number 1, Page 1-13, 2012[4] Hao Zhang, A novel method of optimal apodization selection for chirped fiber Bragg gratings, Optik -

International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 125, Issue 5,, Pages 1646-1649, March 2014

[5] Nidhi, R.S. Kaler, Umesh Tiwari, Vandana Mishra, Nahar Singh, Pawan Kapur, Investigation of Long Period Grating as refractive index sensor, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 123, Issue 12, Pages 1071-1073, June 2012

[6] Rajneesh Randhawa, J.S. Sohal, R.S. Kaler, Pre-, Post and Hybrid Dispersion Mapping Techniques for CSRZ Optical Networks with Nonlinearities, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 121, Issue 14, Pages 1274-1279, August 2010

[7] Yogesh Chaba, R.S. Kaler, Comparison of various dispersion compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ format, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 121, Issue 9, Pages 813-817, May 2010

[8] Zhongwei Tan, Yanhua Wang, Wenhua Ren, Yan Liu, Bin Li, Tigang Ning, Shuisheng Jian, Transmission system over 3000 km with dispersion compensated by chirped fiber Bragg gratings, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 120, Issue 1, Pages 9-13, January 2009

[9] Li Pei , Tigang Ning, Fengping Yan, Xiaowei Dong, Zhongwei Tan, Yan Liu, Shuisheng Jian,” Dispersion compensation of fiber Bragg gratings in 3100 km high speed optical fiber transmission system” Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp 163-169, June 2009

[10] Stephen J. Mihailov , “Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Harsh Environments “Sensors,vol. 12,no.2,pp 1898-1918,2012

[11] Raman Kashyap, “Fiber Bragg Gratings”,a volume in optics and photonics, Academic Press, San Diego, 1999

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Thank you