Characteristics of Living Things What does it mean to be alive?
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Transcript of Characteristics of Living Things What does it mean to be alive?
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Characteristics of Living ThingsWhat does it mean to be
alive?
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The Big Ideas…• Made of Cells• Reproduce (sexually or asexually)
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Living things are made of units called cells
• The cell is the smallest part of an organism that is considered alive.
• Organisms can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (many cells)
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Living things reproduce• All living organisms come from
other living things.• Sexual reproduction – two cells
from different parents.• Asexual reproduction – Offspring is
created from a single parent.
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The Big Ideas…• Made of Cells• Reproduce (sexually or asexually)• Have DNA (genetic information)• Grow & Develop
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Living things have a universal genetic code (DNA)
• Directions for inherited traits are included in an organisms DNA
• Living things make copies of themselves; to do so they pass on genes.
• All organisms have the same basic DNA structure.
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Living things grow and develop• Some organisms increase in size
(unicellular).• Some organisms start as a single
cell that grows, divides into two that stay connected and grows again (multicellular).
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The Big Ideas…• Made of Cells• Reproduce (sexually or asexually)• Have DNA (genetic information)• Grow & Develop• Need/Use Energy (metabolism)• Respond to Environment
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Living things need and use materials for energy (nutrient source)
• Nutrient source allows for chemical reactions that take place in cells.
• Materials come from surrounding environment.
• Metabolism is the combination of all the chemical processes in an organism that build up or break down materials.
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Living things respond to their environment
• Reaction to immediate changes or needs (stimulus)
• Light, temperature, other organisms, hunger
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The Big Ideas…• Made of Cells• Reproduce (sexually or asexually)• Have DNA (genetic information)• Grow & Develop• Need/Use Energy (metabolism)• Respond to Environment• Maintain Homeostasis (constant internal environment)• Change Over Time (evolve)
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Living things maintain an internal balance• External conditions may change dramatically, but most organisms must
keep internal conditions relatively steady.• Called homeostasis• Connects with responding to our environment.
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• Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are passed to future generations.
• Evolution can occur through natural selection of adaptations.
• The genetic makeup of a population changes.
Evolution is the change in living things over time
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The Big Ideas…• Made of Cells• Reproduce (sexually or asexually)• Have DNA (genetic information)• Grow & Develop• Need/Use Energy (metabolism)• Respond to Environment• Maintain Homeostasis (constant internal environment)• Change Over Time (evolve)• Form Systems & Have Systems (related parts)• Structure & Function are Related
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All levels of life have systems of related parts• A cell is a system of
chemicals and processes.• A body system includes
organs that interact.• An ecosystem includes
living and nonliving things that interact.
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Structure determines function.
• Cells have a different structures and functions in complex organisms. (specialization)
• Different species have different anatomical structures with different functions.
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…and now for Marty’s story.